Phoen. 307, παρηΐδων ἄρεγμα. Hel. 546, σέ τὴν ὄρεγμα (ποδῶν) δεινὸν ἡμιλλημένην.

414. ἄνωθεν, ἀνέκαθεν] “ desuper et longo impetu ; ἀνέκαθεν quia eo fortius percutit ictus, quo longior est impetus." Klaus. Ibid. krún d'on this familiar use of dé, whereby one side of the comparison is set over against the other, compare the note on Ag. 136.

Ibid. emippoteî, responds to, or resounds.“ 'Erippoleîv proprie de secundo clamore faventium dicitur, hic vero paulo detortum assonare, non resonare significat: Krúm itaque non ablativi sed dativi Latinorum vicem explet; et intelligendum, iteratis plagarum sonitibus et dimicantium clamoribus, quæ ad Electram perveniebant, caput ejus respondisse, suis sc. manibus, ut graviter dolentium mos est, percussum." Butler. Compare Blomf. Gloss. Theb. 7.

416. ii] By placing both these interjections (as Blomfield and Scholefield have done) "extra metrum," we shall be spared the necessity of supposing with Wellauer one, or with Dindorf and Klausen two feet to be wanting in the antistrophe v. 437. And, after the interposition (in our view of the passage) of four parenthetic lines, some such notes of exclamation (so we may consider them) were needed to take up the sense of inλeμorpías, and to point out vv. 416-20. as the actual lamentation-of one crying1 in into which vv. 410-11., with "action suited to the word," had already sounded forth an appropriate prelude.

Ibid. δαία. "Adios. Vel hostilis vel miser :" Blomf., who on Prom. 360. dáïov répas, where the latter interpretation seems to be required, quotes : δάϊον κοινῶς τὸ πολέμιον, Αττικῶς δὲ δύστηνον —καὶ Αἰσχύλος ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀθλία κέχρηται τῇ λέξει [δαΐα, it should seem in this very passage] : Schol. on Soph. Αj. 784, ὦ δαΐα Τέκμησσα, δύσμορον γένος, where Hermann: Aata misera. Hoc significatu hæc vox etiam in iambis Doricam formam habet; sed ubi hostem notat, communi forma dŋtos dicitur. 2 In melicis autem Dorica forma utrique significationi inservit.”

The primary meaning of the word, at least with Æschylus, appears to have been (from daiw, I divide spoil, slay and burn,) consuming, wasting,

This, it has been already intimated in tracing the etymology of inλeuos (in Euripides always láλeuos), we suspect to have been the notion which Eschylus meant his hearers to attach to the word Ἰηλεμιστρία.

2 What actual authority Hermann may have for this distinction, I know notbut it had occurred to me on v. 371. (with which compare v. 581) to notice a similar

distinction between Tλhuwv, daring,reckless, and Tλáμwv, suffering, wretched. I do not, however, find any instance where Tάuwv is introduced in Iambics,—nay, even in Anapæsts, Eschylus has Tí Tálw Tλńμw; Pers. 912-but in Choral Greek we may compare with vv. 371. 581. Theb. 364, δμωΐδες δὲ καινοπήμονες νέαι τλήμονες (Angl. enduring ; τλήμον Herm. Burn. Blomf. Dind.) evvàv aixμáλwтov

or in a passive sense wasted, with fire and sword1 —compare Prom. 352. 423. Theb. 146. 222. Pers. 257. 282. 986. Suppl. 1065. Eum. 160. --and hence it is easy to deduce the derivative senses, either of which will suit the present passage. Yet Hesychius, who has: daïov Téрas' Tò поλeμкòv onμetov (referring, as Blomfield supposes, to Eur. Phon. 1023, rather than Æsch. Prom. 352.), has elsewhere: Aaïov ἰσχυρὸν, ἀγαθόν. Δαΐα μεγάλη, ἄπειρος, σεμνὴ, φοβερά. [with reference to some goddess πυριδάπτῳ λαμπάδι τερπομένη (Eum. 1042.), as we may conjecture from the following corrupt gloss]: Aatav' tǹv ápovμéνην, σεμνήν.

66

417. datais év ék popaîs] “Hostilibus exequiis. Haud omnino absimilis Shakespearii locus in nobili tragœdia cui titulus Hamlet iv, 3 : his obscure funeral, No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones, No noble rite, nor formal ostentation." Butler. Compare Theb. 1022-4, kai μýơ ὁμαρτεῖν τυμβοχία χειρώματα, μήτ' ὀξυμόλποις προσσέβειν οἰμώγμασιν, ἄτιμον eivai d' ¿xpopâs píλov vñо, where Blomfield: "Notum est Terentii Effertur; imus. ubi Donatus: Efferri proprie dicuntur cadavera mortuorum ; et ire proprie ad exequias." See also Monk on Eur. Alc. 434. Hesych: Ἐκφοράν· ἔξοδον, ταφήν. ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ μνήματος διέρχεσθαι.

66

Sic nos

422. apa Tioei, certe luet; Blomf: see above on v. 288. Anglice, to pay for; sed, ut sæpe fit, quod eleganter Græce dicitur, id apud nos in ore vulgi usurpatur." Butl. Compare Ag. 1401, rúμμа τύμματι τίσαι. Εum. 268, ἀντιποίνους τίνεις μητροφόνας δύας.

424. ekari d' åμâv xepŵv, and, next to the gods, by means of my hands; see above on v. 205. Auós, for μérepos, and (in poetry) also for éμós, I prefer with Matth. Gr. Gr. § 149. p. 244. and Wellauer and Klausen to write duós, but Dindorf and Scholefield and Blomfield (Gloss. Ch. 422. correcting Gloss. Theb. 413.), with the learned Bishop of Lichfield also, give the preference to ȧuós. Which of the two may be the right breathing, therefore, is undecided; but in either case it seems— as was to be expected, despite of Brunck's distinction (on Eur. Andr. 1175.) : “ ἁμὸς Doricum est pro ἡμέτερος, ἀμὸς Atticum pro ἐμός”το be agreed on all hands, that the same breathing is to be uniformly preserved. In support of the lenis pronunciation, Blomfield had adduced the Venetian Schol. on Hom. Il. vi, 414: Tò dè àμòv év ПIpoσæ

ἀνδρὸς εὐτυχοῦντος, and contrast Pers. 976, ἐξ ἔτλάμονες ἀσπαίρουσι. Εum. 506, τλάμων δὲ μάταν παρηγορεί. On the other hand, Sophocles and Euripides invariably use TAάuwv in Choral and Anapæstic Greek-the latter, too, in the active sense, Med. 865, τέγξαι χέρα φοινίαν εὐτλάμονι

[Pors : τλάμονι] θυμῷ.

1 So data might have been employed, for example, in Ps. cxxxvii, 8: & Ovɣáτηp Βαβυλῶνος ἡ ταλαίπωρος—whether, as in our Bible Version, we translate: "who art to be destroyed"; or, as in our Prayer-Book: "wasted with misery."

δίᾳ φησὶν Ηρωδιανὸς Δωρικώτερον εἶναι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁμέτερον· ἐν δὲ Επιμερισμό φησὶν ὅτι ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐμὸν ἐκτέταται τὸ ε εἰς α μακρόν : to which, in reference to the etymological question, he adds : “ Priori rationi accedit Apollonius, posteriori Demetrius, teste eodem Schol. Ab ἡμέτερος ducit Etymologus. Apollonii autem (Dyscoli) locus, quo alludit Scholiasta, mutilus exstat in Excerpt. Reiz. p. 433." Gloss. Theb. 413.

425. ἔπειτ ̓ ἐγὼ νοσφίσας ὀλοίμαν] Translate: Then, when I have taken, I am content that I should lose a life! and compare a similar antithesis Theb. 982. πνεῦμ ̓ ἀπώλεσεν. ἀπώλεσε δῆτα, καὶ τὸ τοῦδ' [Dind. τόνδ'] ἐνόσφισεν, and closely resembling these, Soph. Phil. 684, οὔτ ̓ ἔρξας τιν οὔτε νοσφίσας, Angl. having neither done to, nor taken from, anyon which see Hermann's note (v. 678). Below v. 477, ἐνοσφίσθης we may translate Anglice, you were put out of the way, or made away with; and nearly the same interpretation will suit Eum. 211, γυναικὸς, ἥτις ἄνδρα νοσφίσῃ. Soph. (Ed. Τ. 693, εἴ σε νοσφίζομαι (with which compare ib. vv. 659. 669-70.) Eur. Hel. 642, ἐκ δόμων δ ̓ ἐνόσφισαν θεοί σ' ἐμοῦ. Iph. Α. 1287, βρέφος μητρὸς ἀπόπρο νοσφίσας—in all of which passages the verb retains its proper meaning of secret and fraudulent (even more than violent) spoliation or abduction. Compare Hesych : Νοσφίζεσθαι λανθάνειν, πλεονεκτεῖν. Νόσφιν χωρὶς, ἄνευ, λάθρα, δίχα, ἐκτὸς, μακράν. Νοσφίζεται· ἰδιοποιεῖ, κλέπτει, ἀποστερεῖ, ἀφαιρεῖ, χωρίζει.

In the sense of simply depriving or bereaving, we find it below v. 604, Soph. Phil. 1427, Πάριν . . . . νοσφιεῖς βίου. Eur. Andr. 1206, γέροντ ̓ ἄπαιδα νοσφίσας. Alc. 44. Suppl. 153, 539. Inc. Rhes. 56.

The Scholiast on this passage-confirming the reading of Turnébe and Vettori, ὀλοίμαν, in place of ελοίμαν Med. Guelf. Ald. Rob.—has : νοσφίσας ὀλοίμαν. ἐκ τούτου εἴρηται τό Τεθναίην, ὅτ ̓ ἐκεῖνον ἀποπνεύσαντα πυθοίμην. Καλλιμάχου. (fr. ccxix.), on which Blomfield observes : “Verba sunt Hecales pro salute Thesei vota Jovi facientis, inquit Eldikius Susp. p. 23." Sed in rem plane contrariam a Scholiasta citantur ; nempe ad illustrandum Orestæ votum pro interitu Clytemnestræ facCallimacheis simile est istud Mimnermi i, 2 : Τεθναίην, ὅτ' ἐμοὶ μηκέτι ταῦτα μέλοι. Cum hoc loco melius congruit Eur. El. 281. a Stanleio laudatus, θάνοιμι μητρὸς αἷμ ̓ ἐπισφάξασ' ἐμῆς. item v. 663, εἰ γὰρ θάνοιμι τοῦτ' ἰδὼν ἐγώ ποτε.” Compare Ag. 520, χαίρω· τεθνᾶναι δ ̓ οὐκ ἔτ ̓ ἀντερῶ θεοῖς. ib. 1581-2, οὕτω καλὸν δὴ καὶ τὸ κατθανεῖν ἐμοὶ, ἰδόντα τοῦτον τῆς δίκης ἐν ἔρκεσιν.

tum.

This we might perhaps translate, Anglice spirited you away from my home.

426. ἐμασχαλίσθη δ ̓ ἔθ ̓ ὡς τύδ ̓ εἰδῇς] “ ἐμασχαλίσθης vulg. ἐμασxaλioon Rob., quod recte receperunt recentiores omnes præter Glasg. —δὲ τῶ στο στείδης Med. δὲ τῶς τότ ̓ εἰδῇς Guelph. δὲ τωστοστεῖδυ Ald. δέτωστο στείδης Rob. δέ θ ̓ ὡς τὸ στείδης var. lect. ap. Steph. δέ τ ̓ ὥς τύτ ̓ ἔδυ Turn. δέ 9 ̓ ὡς τότ' ἔδυ Vict. Glasg. δ' ἔθ ̓ ὡς τοῦτ ̓ εἰδῇς emendavit Canterus. '' ws тód' eidŷs2 recte Heath. Schütz. Lachm. dé d'ús Tód' eids minus bene Both. Schwenk." Well.

In explanation of ἐμασχαλίσθη—from μασχαλίζω I begird or bind about the waist, whence (as Blomfield has noticed) paoxaλioτýp a belt or girth, Prom. 71-Hermann on Soph. El. 437 (444.), v‹ß' is davòv äтipos, dσre δυσμενὴς, ἐμασχαλίσθη, κἀπὶ λουτροῖσιν κάρᾳ κηλῖδας ἐξέμαξεν, observes : Scholiastæ, Hesychius in v. ἐμασχαλίσθη, Photius et Suidas in v. μασχαλίσματα, hic etiam in ἐμασχαλίσθη et μασχαλισθῆναι, Εtym. Μ. in v. ȧñáрyμara, referunt, qui aliquem per insidias vel in bello civili necassent, extremas manuum pedumque partes amputasse, et mortuo sub alis alligasse, mucrone in capite ejus absterso, quo et debilitari vindicta interfecti, et interfectoris labes purgari, credita sit. Veri simile est, Sophoclem omnino illam extremas corporis partes amputandi crudelitatem eo verbo comprehendisse, ut in eadem re Eschylum Choëph. 437. ubi vid. Stanl."

Stanley further compares Senec. Ag. 950. Virg. Æn. vi, 494., to which Butler adds, as a locus classicus on this point, Apoll. Rhod. iv, 478-80. ἥρως δ ̓ Αἰσονίδης ἐξάργματα τάμνε θανόντος, τρὶς δ ̓ ἀπέλειξε φόνου, τρὶς δ ̓ ἐξ ἄγος ἔπτυσ ̓ ὀδόντων, ᾗ θέμις αὐθέντῃσι δολοκτασίας ἱλάασθαι. See also Hom. Od. xxii, 475-7. "Videtur mos ortus ex ea superstitione, qua membra corporis extrema testimonium de cæde ferre putabantur ;

1 The Bp. of Lichfield remarks upon this line: "Personam XO. præponere ausus sum, ut vitetur incommodum ex tribus primis vocibus Stropha sequentis Oresti tribuendis"-and this alteration had suggested itself to the present Editor also. But the inconvenience of the present division of v. 431. is not so great as would ensue from a disturbance of the regularity, with which (it must have been noticed) as often as Orestes or Electra precedes in the strophe, Electra or Orestes-not the Chorus, whose part is wholly distinct from, whilst yet it is (as it should be) ancillary to theirs-responds in the antistrophe. A certain change, it is true, is made in this energetic climax (as we may consider it from v. 410. to v. 442.) of the δίπαις ἐπιτυμβίδιος θρῆνος (v.324.), in which the Chorus cannot properly bear

a part, and in which the portion that has thus far been assigned to the Chorus, is consequently divided between the two children of Agamemnon (vv. 422. 430); whilst Electra, whose obvious province it is to tell what it so much concerns Orestes to hear (vv. 430-31.), goes on here with her recital (uvos), and ends by urging for the first time a direct exhortation to act (v. 440.) upon the impulse she has given him, the effect of which, (as already in part commenced at v. 422.) continues to manifest itself in every succeeding observation of Orestes: see vv. 442. 447. 457-60.

2 For the correct accentuation of this conjunctive of οἶδα or εἴδημι, not εἴδω (whence Blomf. and Scholef. etons), see Matth. Gr.Gr. §231, and above all Buttm. Irreg. Greek Verbs, pp. 77. 78.

vclut digitus e sepulcro, manus ex ore ejus, qui mulierem devoravit, porrecta. Cf. Welcker. Nov. Mus. Rhen. I. 3. pp. 401 sqq." Klaus.

:

ν.

427. πρаσσe d'améρ vv-we shall not do ill, even though for the moment we descend from the elevation of the Tragic buskin, to translate for just as (Anglice) she did, or did for, him-or, more nearly perhaps, just as she dealt with him; i.e. with his body, which she had handled as roughly and as freely as a dealer might deal out his wares-the verb Tρáσσew to negotiate, to go about or bring about, being for the most part employed in an invidious sense, and being therefore to be classed here with μασχαλίζειν, and with νοσφίζειν v. 477, as low and disparaging words, expressive (as we may gather from vv. 430. 481.) of extreme indignity and contempt. Compare Eur. Orest. 1139, κakηs yʊvaikòs kakĤs οὔνεχ' αἷμ' ἐπράξαμεν. ib. 1354, ὁ πραχθεὶς φόνος. ib. 1579, ἐπὶ φόνῳ πράσ σeis póvov: but for the sense which we prefer to give it here of trading in or with, bartering, or (we might even say) Anglice chopping and changing, see above on v. 124, and compare in this view the connection that subsists between diamρáσow, below vv. 721. 859. 987. Pers. 260. 517., diepɣášoμai Soph. Ed. C. 1417. Eur. Hec. 369. Hipp. 613. Tr. 1160., diaxeipicoμai, and diaxpáoμai (Theocr. Id. xv, 54.). Hesych: Διαπρήσσει τάσσει, ἀπατᾷ, ψεύδεται, διαπερᾷ. Διεργασαι φόνευσαν. Διαχει ρίζει· διοικεῖ. Διαχειρίζεται· φονεύει. Suid: Διαχειρίσαι φονεῦσαι. Διεργάζεται· ἀναιρεῖ, κτείνει.

428. μóрov Kríσai K.T.λ., seeking to make his death (Anglice) bear as hard as possible—compare Ag. 384, wóλei πpóσtpiμμ' äßeprov évbeís, ib. 545, οἷον παρεῖχ ̓ ἄφερτον-upon your future life. This, as well as the direct appeal that follows to the personal feelings of Orestes, is artfully introduced by Electra in accordance with the ancient superstition that has just been noticed on v. 426, where the Scholiast: KaTeσkevaσe dè τὸ μασχαλισθῆναι αὐτὸν ἡ Κλυταίμνηστρα, ἡ καὶ [so I correct "H καὶ], οὕτως ἀτίμως αὐτὸν θάψασα, δυστυχίαν μεγίστην κατασκευάζουσα τῷ σῷ βίῳ, Ορεστ τα· ὅ ἐστιν, ἵνα δυστυχῆ βίον ζήσῃς, τοῦ ̓Αγαμέμνονος μὴ δυναμένου σοι συμμαχῆσαι προς τιμωρίαν Κλυταιμνήστρας.—“ κτίσαι em. Stanl. Rob. θεῖναι, quod videtur fuisse ascriptum glossema, et inde orta vulgata kreiva. Illud vel κτίσαι vel θεῖναι legit Scholiasta.—ἄφερκτον M. G. A. Scholiastem legisse apeprov patet ex iis quæ modo ascripsi. Idem R." Klaus.

430. δύας ἀτίμους] This undisputed correction of δυσατίμους, together with the present distribution of v. 431., is due to Stanley. Porson first wrote πατρῴους, and πατρῷον in the next verse; and Hermann (Elem. metr. p. 537.) asserts that arрóïos is nowhere to be found in the Tragedians.