Gracchus was slain the day the chickens refused to eat out of the coop; and Claudius Pulcher underwent the like success, when he contemned the tripudiary augurations. Brown.

There were a great many crammed capons together in a coop. L'Estrange. To Coop. v. a. [from the noun.] To shut up in a narrow compass; to confine; to cage; to imprison: when it is used absolutely, it has often, perhaps always, the intensive particle up.

That pale, that white-fac'd shore, Whose foot spurns back the ocean's roaring tides, And coops from other lands her islanders. Sbak. The Englishmen did coop up the lord Ravenstein, that he stirred not; and likewise held in strait siege the town. Bacon.

In the taking of a town the poor escape better than the rich; for the one is let go, and the other is plundered and cooped up. L'Estrange.

Twice conquer'd cowards, now your shame is shown,

Coop'd up a second time within your town! Who dare not issue forth in open field. Dryden. One world suffic'd not Alexander's mind; Coop'd up he seem'd, in earth and seas confin'd. Dryden's Juvenal. Coop'd in a narrow isle, observing dreams With flattering wizards. Dryden. The Trojans, coop'd within their walls so long, Unbar their gates, and issue in a throng. Dryd. The contempt of all other knowledge, as if it were nothing in comparison of law or physick, of astrology or chymistry, coops the understanding up within narrow bounds, and hinders it from looking abroad into other provinces of the intellectual world. Locke.

They are cooped in close by the laws of their countries, and the strict guards of those whose interest it is to keep them ignorant. Locke.

What! coop whole armies in our walls again?

Pope. COOPE'E. n. s. [coupé, French.] A motion ...in dancing.

Co'OFER. n. s. [from coop.] One that makes coops or barrels.

Societies of artificers and tradesmen, belonging

to some towns corporate, such as weavers and coopers, by virtue of their charters, pretend to privilege and jurisdiction.

Child

Co'OPERAGE. n. s. [from cooper.] The
price paid for cooper's work.
To COOPERATE. v. n. [con and opera,
Latin.]

1. To labour jointly with another to the same end it has with before the agent, and to before the end.

It puzzleth and perplexeth the conceits of many, that perhaps would otherwise cooperate with him, and makes a man walk almost alone to his own ends. Bacon.

By giving man a free will, he allows man that highest satisfaction and privilege of cooperat ing to his own felicity. Boyle. 2. To concur in producing the same effect.

weaken their motion.

His mercy will not forgive offenders, or his benignity cooperate to their conversions. Brown's Vulgar Errours. All these causes cooperating, must, at last, Cheyne. The special acts and impressions by which the Divine Spirit introduces this charge, and how far human liberty cooperates with it, are subjects beyond our comprehension. Rogers. COOPERATION. n. s. [from cooperate.]" The act of contributing,or concurring to the same end.

We We might work any effect without and against matter; and this not holpen by the cooperation of angels or spirits, but only by the unity and harmony of nature. Bacon's Natural History. Coo'PERATIVE. adj. [from cosperate.] Promoting the same end jointly. COOPERATOR. n. s. [from cooperate.] He that, by joint endeavours, promotes the same end with others.

COOPTATION. n. s. [coopto, Lat.] Adop tion; assumption.

COORDINATE. adj. [con and ordinatus, Lat.] Holding the same rank; not being subordinate. Thus shellfish may be divided into two coordinate kinds,, crustaceous and testaceous; each of which is again divided into many species, subordinate to the kind, but coor dinate to each other.

The word Analysis signifies the general and particular heads of a discourse; with their mutual connexions, both coordinate and subordinate, drawn out into one or more tables. Watts. Coo'RDINATELY.adv. [from coordinate.] In the same rank; in the same relation; without subordination. CoO'RDINATENESS. n. s. [from coordi nate.] The state of being coordinate. COORDINATION. n. s. [from coordinate The state of holding the same rank; of standing in the same relation to something higher; collateralness.

In this high court of parliament there is a rare coordination of power; a wholesome mixture betwixt monarchy, optimacy, and democracy.

Howel's Pre-eminence of Parliament. When these petty intrigues of a play are so ill ordered that they have no coherence with the other, I must grant that Lysidius has reason to tax that want of due connexion; for coordination in a play is as dangerous and unnatural as in a Dryden an Dramatick, Poesy. Coor. n. s. [maer-koet, Dut. cotée, Fr.] A small black waterfowl, seen often in fens and marshes.

staté.

A lake, the haunt

Of coats, and of the fishing cormorant. Dryden. COP. n. s. [kop, Dut. cop, Sax.] The head; the top of any thing; any thing -rising to a head: as, a cop, vulgarly cock, of hay; a cob-castle, properly cop castle, a small castle or house on a hill ; a cob of cherry-stones, for cop, a pile of stones one laid upon another; a tuft on the head of birds.

Co'PAL. n. s. The Mexican term for a

gum.

COPA'RCENARY. n. s. [from coparcener.] Joint succession to any inheritance.

In descent to all the daughters in coparcenary, for want of sons, the chief house is allotted to the eldest daughter. Hale. COPA'RCENER. n. s. [from con and particeps, Lat.]

Coparteners are otherwise called parceners; and, in common law, are such as have equal portion in the inheritance of the ancestor.

Corvell. This great lordship was broken and divided, and partition made between the five daughters; in every of these portions, the coparceners seve rally exercised the same jurisdiction royal, which the earl marshal and his sons had used in the whole province. Davies on Ireland. COPA'RCENY. n. s. An equal share of coparceners. Philips' World of Words. CÓPARTNER. n. s. [con and partner·] One that has a share in some common stock or affair; one equally concerned; a sharer; a partaker; a partner. Milton has used it both with of and in.

Our faithful friends,

The associates and copartners of our loss. Milt.
Shall I to him make known

As yet my change, and give him to partake
Full happiness with me? Or rather not;
But keep the odds of knowledge in my power,
Without copartner? Milton's Paradise Lost.
Rather by them

Igain'd what I have gain'd, and with them dwell Copartner in these regions of the world. Milt. COPARTNERSHIP. n.s. [from copartner.] The state of bearing an equal part, or possessing an equal share.

In case the father left only daughters, the daughters equally succeeded to their father as in Hale. sopartnership. COʻPATAIN. adj. [from cop.] High raised; pointed.

Hanmer.

Oh, fine villain! a silken doublet, a velvet Shak. hose, a scarlet cloke, and a copatain hat. COPA'Y VA. n. s. [It is sometimes written capivi, copivi, capayva, copayva, cupayva, cupayba.] A gum which distils from a tree in Brasil. It is much used in disorders of the urinary passages. COPE. n. s. [See Cor.]

1. Any thing with which the head is covered.

4. A sacerdotal cloak, or vestment worn in sacred ministration.

3. Any thing which is spread over the head: as the concave of the skies; any archwork over a door.

All these things that are contain'd Within this goodly cope, both most and least, Their being have, and daily are increast. Spenser, Over head the dismal hiss. Of fiery darts in flaming volleys flew,

3. To reward; to give in return.
I and my friend
Have, by your wisdom, been this day acquitted
Of grievous penalties; in lieu whereof,
Three thousand ducats, due unto the Jew,
We freely cope your courteous pains withal.
Shakspeare

To COPE. v. n.
I. To contend; to struggle; to strive. It
has awith before the thing or person op
posed. [In this sense it is a word of
doubtful etymology. The conjecture of
Junius derives it from koopen, to buy,
or some other word of the same import;
so that to cope with signifies to inter
change blows, or any thing else, with
another.]

Let our trains

March by us, that we may peruse the men
We should have cop'd witbal. Shaks. Henry W.
It is likely thou wilt undertake
A thing like death, to chide away this shame
That copes with death itself, to 'scape from it.
Shakspeare

But Eve was Eve;
This far his over-match, who, self-deceiv'd
And rash, beforehand had no better weigh'd
The strength he was to cope with, or his own.
Milten

They perfectly understood both the hares and the enemy they were to cope witbal. L'Estrangi, On every plain,

Host cop'd with host, dire was the din of war.

Their generals have not been able to cap the troops of Athens, which I have conducted. Addison's Wbig Examiner.

If the mind apply itself first to easier subjects, and things near a-kin to what is already known; and then advance to the more remote and knotty parts of knowledge by slow degrees; it will be able, in this manner, to cope with great difficul ties, and prevail over them with amazing happy success. Watts on the Mish 2. To encounter; to interchange kindness or sentiments.

Thou fresh piece Of excellent witchcraft, who of force must know The royal fool thou cepit with. Shakspeart Thou art e'en as just a man As e'er my conversation cop'd witbal. Shakip To COPE. v. a. To embrace. Not in

use.

I will make him tell the tale anew; Where, how, how oft, how long ago, and when He hath, and is again to cope your wife. Stain CO'PESMATE. 7. S. [perhaps for cupsmate, a companion in drinking; or one that dwells under the same cope, for house Companion, friend. An old word

COPING. n. s. [from cope.] The upper tire of masonry which covers the wall. All these were of costly stones, even from the foundation unto the coping. 1 Kings. The coping, the modillions, or dentils, make a noble shew by their graceful projections. Addison's Freeholder.

COPIOUS. adj. [copia, Lat.] 1. Plentiful; abundant; exuberant; in great quantities.

Rose, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread Their branches hung with copious fruit. Milton. Full measure only bounds

Excess, before the all-bounteous king, who

show'r'd

With copious hand, rejoicing in their joy. Milt. This alkaline acrimony indicates the copious Arbuthnot.

use of vinegar and acid fruits.

In various converse.

The tender heart is peace, And kindly pours its copious treasures forth Thomson's Spring. 2. Abounding in words or images; not barren; not confined; not concise.

Hail, Son of God, Saviour of men! thy name Shall be the copious matter of my song Henceforth; and never shall my harp thy praise Forget, nor from thy Father's praise disjoin. Milton.

CO'PIOUSLY.adv. [from copious.] 1. Plentifully; abundantly; in great quantities.

2. At large; without brevity or conciseness; diffusely.

These several remains have been so copiously described by abundance of travellers, and other writers, that it is very difficult to make any new Addison. discoveries on so beaten a subject. COPIOUSNESS. n. s. [from copious.] 1. Plenty; abundance; great quantity;

exuberance.

2. Diffusion; exuberance of style.

The Roman orator endeavoured to imitate the copiousness of Homer, and the Latin poet made it his business to reach the conciseness of Demosthenes. Dryden. CO'PIST. n. s. [from copy.] A copier; a transcriber; an imitator. CO'PLAND. n. s. A piece of ground which terminates with an acute angle. Dict. CO'PPED. adj. [from cop.] Rising to a top or head.

It was broad in its basis, and rose copped like a sugar-loaf. Wiseman's Surgery. A galeated eschinus being copped and somewhat conic.

Woodrvard.

VOL. I.

but I cannot find its etymology.] An instrument used in chymistry, in the form of a dish, made of ashes, well washed, to cleanse them from all their salt; or of bones thoroughly calcined. Its use is to try and purify gold and silver, which is done by mingling lead with the metal, and exposing it in the coppel to a violent fire a long while. The impurities of the metal will then be carried off in dross, which is called the litharge of gold and silver. The refiners call the coppel a test. Harris. CO'PPER. n. s. [koper, Dutch; cuprum, Latin.] One of the six primitive metals.

Copper is the most ductile and malleable metal, after gold and silver. Of a mixture of copper and lapis calaminaris is formed brass; a composition of copper and tin makes bell-metal; and copper and brass, melted in equal quantities, produces what the French call bronze, used for figures and statues. Chambers.

Copper is heavier than iron or tin; but lighter
than silver, lead, and gold.
Hill on Fossils.
Two vessels of fine copper, precious as gold.

Ezra. CO'PPER. n. s. A vessel made of copper: commonly used for a boiler larger than a moveable pot.

They boiled it in a copper to the half; then Bacon. COPPER-NOSE. n. s. [copper and nose.] A they poured it into earthen vessels.

red nose.

He having colour enough, and the other higher, is too flaming a praise for a good complexion: I had as lieve Helen's golden tongue had commended Troilus for a copper-nose. Shak.

Gutta rosacea ariseth in little hard tubercles, affecting the face all over with great itching, which, being scratched, look red, and rise in great welks, rendering the visage fiery; and make copper-noses, as we generally express Wiseman. COPPER-PLATE. n. s. A plate on which pictures are engraven for the neater impression, distinguished from a wooden

them.

cut.

COPPER-WORK. n. s. [copper and work.] A place where copper is worked or manufactured.

This is like those wrought at copper-works.
Woodward.

CO'PPERAS. n. s. [kopperoose, Dut. couperouse, Fr. supposed to be found in copper mines only.] A name given to three sorts of vitriol; the green, the bluish green, and the white, which are produced in the mines of Germany, Hungary, and other countries. But what is commonly sold here for copperas is an artificial vitriol, made of a kind of stones found on the sea-shore in Essex, Hampshire, and so westward, ordinarily called gold stones from their colour. They abound with iron, and are exposed to the weather in beds above ground, and receive the rains and dews, which in time breaks and dissolves the stones: the liquor that runs off is pumped into boilers, in which is first put old iron, which, in boiling, dissolves. This Xx

factitious copperas, in many respects, agrees with the native green vitriol. Chambers. Hill.

It may be questioned, whether, in this operation, the iron or copperas be transmuted, from the cognation of copperas with copper, and the iron remaining after conversion. Brown. CO'PPERSMITH. n. s. [copper and smith.] One that manufactures copper. Salmoneus, as the Grecian tale is, Was a mad coppersmith of Elis; Up at his forge by morning peep. COPPERWORM. n. s. [teredo, Lat.] 1. A little worm in ships.

2. A worm that fretteth garments. 3. A worm breeding in one's hand.

Swift.

Ainsaworth.

CO'PPERY. adj. [from copper.] Containing copper; made of copper.

Some springs of Hungary, highly impregnated with vitriolick salts, dissolve the body of iron put into the spring, and deposite, in lieu of the irony particles carried off, coppery particles brought with the water out of the neighbouring copper-mines. Woodward in Fossils. COPPICE. n. s. [coupeaux, Fr. from couper, to cut or lop. It is often written copse.] A low wood cut at stated times for fuel; a place overrun with brushwood.

A land, each side whereof was bounded both with high timber trees, and copses of far more humble growth. Sidney. Upon the edge of yonder coppice, A stand, where you may have the fairest shoot. Shakspeare. In coppice woods, if you leave staddles too thick, they run to bushes and briars, and have little clean underwood. Bacon.

The willows, and the hazel copses green,
Shall now no more be seen
Fanning their joyous leaves to their soft lays.

Milton. Raise trees in your seminaries and nurseries, and you may transplant them for coppice ground, walks, or hedges. Mortimer's Husbandry. The rate of coppice lands will fall upon the discovery of coal-mines. Locke. CO'FPLE-DUST. n. s. [probably for coppel or cupel dust.] Powder used in purify. ing metals, or the gross parts separated by the cupel.

It may be also tried by incorporating powder of steel, or copple-dust, by pouncing into the quicksilver. Bacon. COPPLE-STONES are lumps and fragments of stone or marble, broke from the adjacent cliffs, rounded by being bowled and tumbled to and again by the action of the water. Woodward. CO'PPLED, adj. [from cop.] Rising in a conick form; rising to a point.

There is some difference in this shape, some being flatter on the top, others more coppled. Woodward en Fossils.

COPSE. n. s. [abbreviated from coppice.] A low wood cut at a certain growth for fuel; a place overgrown with short wood.

The east quarters of the shire are not destitute of copse woods. Carew's Survey of Cornwall. Oaks and brambles, if the copse be burn'd, Confounded lie, to the same ashes turn'd. Waller.

Watts.

Copulative propositions are those which have more subjects or predicates connected by affirmative of negative conjunctions: as, riches and honours are temptations to pride; Cæsar conquered the Gauls and the Britons; neither gold nor jewels will purchase immortality. COPY. n. s. [copie, Fr. copia, low Latin; quod cuipiam facta est copia exscribendi. Junius inclines, after his manner, to derive it from xi, labour; because, says he, to copy another's writing is very painful and laborious.]

1. A transcript from the archetype or original.

If virtue's self were lost, we might
From your fair mind new copies write. Walker.
I have not the vanity to think my copy equal
to the original.
Denbam

He stept forth, not only the copy of God's hands, but also the copy of his perfections, a kind of image or representation of the Deity in small. South's Sermon.

The Romans having sent to Athens, and the Greek cities of Italy, for copies of the best laws, chose ten legislators to put them into ferm.Swift. 2. An individual book; one of many books: as, a good or fair copy.

The very having of the books of God was a matter of no small charge, as they could not be had otherwise than in written copies. Hocker. 3. The autograph; the original; the archetype; that from which any thing is copied.

It was the copy of our conference; In bed he slept not, for my urging it; At board he fed not, for my urging it. Shaki Let him first learn to write, after a copy, all the letters in the vulgar alphabet. Helder. The first of them I have forgotten, and cannot easily retrieve, because the copy is at the press.

Dryden

4. An instrument by which any conveyance is made in law.

Thou know'st that Banquo and his Fleance lives;

But in them nature's copy's not eternal. Skaki, 5. A picture drawn from another picture. COPY-BOOK, n. s. [copy and book.] A

book in which copies are written for learners to imitate. COPY-HOLD. n. s. [copy and hold.] A tenure, for which the tenant hath nothing to show but the copy of the rolls made by the steward of his lord's court: for the steward, as he enrolls other things done in the lord's court, so he registers such tenants as are admitted in the court, to any parcel of land or tenement belonging to the manor; and the transcript of this is called the court roll, the copy of which the tenant takes from him, and keeps as his only evi

dence.

Copy-bold is called a base tenure, because it holds at the will of the lord; yet not simply, but according to the custom of the manor: so that if a copy-holder break not the custom of the manor, and thereby forfeit his tenure, he cannot be turned out at the lord's pleasure. These customs of manors vary, in one point or other, almost in every manor. Some copy-bolds are finable, and some certain: that which is finable, the lord rates at what fine or income he pleases, when the tenant is admitted into it; that which is certain, is a kind of inheritance, and called in many places customary; because the tenant dying, and the hold being void, the next of blood paying the customary fine, as two shillings for an acre, or so, cannot be denied his admission. Some copy-holders have, by custom, the wood growing upon their own land, which by law they could not have. Some hold by the verge in ancient demesne; and though they hold by copy, yet are they, in account, a kind of freeholder; for, if such a one commit felony, the king hath annum, diem, and vastum, as in case of freehold. Some others hold by common tenure, called mere copy-hold; and they committing felony, their land escheats to the lord of the manor. Corvell.

If a customary tenant die, the widow shall

have what the law calls her free bench in all his Addison. copy-bold lands. COPY-HOLDER. n. s. [from copy-bold.] One that is possessed of land in copyhold.

To Co'ry. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To transcribe; to write after an original it has sometimes out, a kind of pleonasm.

Pope.

Swift.

Swift.

In publick, with that odious knight. COQUETRY. n.s. [coqueterie, Fr] Affectation of amorous advances; desire of attracting notice.

I was often in company with a couple of charming women, who had all the wit and beauty one could desire in female companions, without a dash of coquetry, that from time to time gave me a great many agreeable torments. Addison. COQUETTE. n. s. [coquette, Fr. from coquart, a prattler.] A gay, airy girl; a girl who endeavours to attract notice. The light coquettes in sylphs aloft repair, And sport and flutter in the fields of air. Pope. A coquette and a tinder-box are spark-led. Arbuthnot.

CO'RACLE. n. s. [cwrwgle, Welsh; probably from corium, leather, Lat.] A boat used in Wales by fishers, made by drawing leather or oiled cloth upon a frame of wicker work.

CORAL. n. s. [corallium, Latin.] 1. Red coral is a plant of as great hardness and stony nature while growing in the water, as it has after long exposure to the air. The vulgar opinion, that coral is soft while in the sea, proceeds from a soft and thin coat, of a crustaceous matter, covering it while it is growing, and which is taken off before it is packed up for use. The whole coral plant grows to a foot or more in height, and is variously ramified. It is thickest at the stem, and its branches grow gradually smaller. It grows to stones, without a root, or without any way penetrating them; but as it is found to grow, and take in its nourishment, in the manner of plants, and to produce flowers and seeds, or at least a matter analogous to seeds, it properly belongs to the vegetable kingdom."

Hill's Mat. Med.

This gentleman, desirous to find the nature of coral, caused a man to go down a hundred fathom into the sea, with express orders to take