cording to the order of time; a chronologer. According to these chronologists, the prophecy of the Rabin, that the world should last but six thousand years, has been long disproved, Brown. All that learned noise and dust of the chronolegist is wholly to be avoided. Locke on Ed.cat. CHRONOLOGY. n. s. [Xfór, time, and asy, doctrine.] The science of computing and adjusting the periods oftime; as the revolution of the sun and moon; and of computing time past, and referring each event to the proper year. And the measure of the year not being so perfectly known to the ancients, rendered it very difficult for them to transmit a true chronology to succeeding ages. Holder on Time. Where I allude to the customs of the Greeks, I believe I may be justified by the strictest chro nology; though a poet is not obliged to the rules that confine an historian. Prior. CHRONOMETER. n. s. [x and Mirgov.] An instrument for the exact mensuration of time. According to observation made with a pendu Jumebronometer, a bullet at its first discharge flies five hundred and ten yards in five half seconds. Derbam. CHRY'SALIS. 7. s. [from xúc, gold, because of the golden colour in the nymphæ of some insects.] A term used by some naturalists for aurelia, or the first apparent change of the maggot of any species of insects. Chambers. CHRY'SOLITE. n. s. [xçú, gold, and 23, a stone.] A precious stone of a duskygreen,with a cast of yellow.Woodw. Such another world, Of one intire and perfect chrysolite, I'd not have sold her for. Shakspeare. If metal, part seem'd gold, part silver clear: If stone, carbuncle most, or chrysolite. Milton. CHRYSO'PRASUS. n. s. Excu, and prasinus, green.] A precious stone of a yellow colour, approaching to green. The ninth a topaz, the tenth a chrysoprasus. Revelations. CHUB. n. s. [from cop, a great head, Skinner.] A river fish. The cheven. The chub is in prime from Midmay to Candlemas, but best in winter. He is full of small bones he eats waterish; not firm, but limp and tasteless: nevertheless he may be so dressed as to make him very good meat. Walton's Angler. CHU'BBED. adj. [from chub.] Big-headed like a chub. To CHUCK. v. n. [A word probably formed in imitation of the sound that it expresses; or perhaps corrupted from chick] To make a noise like a hen when she calls her chickens. 1. The voice of a hen. He made the chuck four or five times, th people use to make to chickens when they call them. Temple. 2. A word of endearment, corrupted from chicken or chick. Come,your promise.What promise.cbuck? 3. A sudden small noise. She to intrigues e'en hard-hearted; She chuckled when abawd was carted. Pria To CHUCKLE. V. a. [from chuck.] 1. To call as hen. I am not far from the women's apartment. I am sure; and if these hirds are within distance, here's that will chuckle 'em together. 2. To cocker; to fondle. Dry Your confessor, that parcel of holy guts and garbidge; he must chuckle you, and moan you. Dryden's Spanish Friar, CHUET. n. s. [probably from To chew] An old word, as it seems, for forced meat. As for chuets, which are likewise minced meat, instead of butter and fat,it were good to moisten them partly with cream, or almond or pistachio milk. Bacon's Natural Histery. CHUFF. n. s. [A word of uncertain de rivation; perhaps corrupted from cla or derived from kwf, Welsh, a stock. A coarse, fat-headed, blunt clown. Hang ye, gorbellied knaves, are you undene? No, ye tat chuffs, I would your store were here. Shakspea A less generous chuff than this in the fall, would have hugged his bags to the last. L'Estra CHU'FFILY. adv. [from chuffy.] Surlity stomachfully. Clerica John answered chuffily. CHU FFINESS. n. s. [from chuffy.] Clown ishness; surliness. CHU'FFY. adj. [from chuff.] Blunt; surly; fat. CHUM. n. s. [chom, Armorick, to live together. A chamber fellow: a term used in the universities. CHUMP. n. s. A thick heavy piece of wood, less than a block. When one is battered, they can quickly, of a chump of wood, accommodate themselves wen Mexi another. CHURCH. n. s. [cince, Sax. x) 1. The collective bodyof christians, usually termed the catholick church. The church, being a supernatural society, deth differ from natural societies in this: that the p sons unto whom we associate ourselves in th one are men, simply considered as men ; b.t they to whom we be joined in the other, a God, angels, and holy men. 2. The body of christians adhering to one particular opinion, or form of worship. The church is a religious assembly, or the large fair building where they meet; and sometimes the same word means a synod of bishops, or of 3. The place which christians consecrate to the worship of God. It comprehends the whole church, viz. the nave or body of the church, together with the chancel, which is even included under the word church. That churches were consecrated unto none but Ayliffe's Parergon. the Lord only, the very general name chiefly doth sufficiently shew: church doth signify no other thing than the Lord's house. Hooker. Tho' you unty the winds, and let them fight Against the churches. Shakspeare 4. It is used frequently in conjunction with other words; as church-member, the member of a church; church-power, spiritual or ecclesiastical authority. To CHURCH. v. a. [from the noun.] To perform with any one the office of returning thanks in the church after any signal deliverance, as from the danger of childbirth. CHURCH-ALE. n. s. [from church and ale.] A wake, or feast, commemoratory of the dedication of the church. For the church-ale, two young men of the parish are yearly chosen to be wardens,who make collection among the parishioners of what provision it pleaseth them to bestow. Carew. CHURCH-ATTIRE. n. s. The habit in which men officiate at divine service. These and such like were their discourses touching that church-attire, which with us, for the most part, is used in publick prayer. Hooker. CHURCH-AUTHORITY. n. s. Ecclesiastical power; spiritual jurisdiction. In this point of church-authority, I have sifted all the little scraps aleged. Atterbury. CHURCH-BURIAL. . . Burial according to the rites of the church. The bishop has the care of seeing that all christians, after their deaths,be not denied churchburial, according to the usage and custom of the place. Ayliffe's Parergon. CHURCH-FOUNDER. n. s. He that builds or endows a church. Hooker. Whether emperors or bishops in those days were church-founders, the solemn dedication of churches they thought not to be a work in itself either vain or superstitious. CHURCHMAN. n. s. [church and man.] 1. An ecclesiastick; a clergyman ;` one that ministers in sacred things. If any thing be offered to you touching the church and churchmen, or church-government, rely not only upon yourself. Bacon. A very difficult work to do, to reform and reduce a church into order, that had been so long neglected, and that was so ill filled by many weak and more wilful churchmen. Clarendon. Patience in want, and poverty of mind, These marks of church and churchmen he design'd, And living taught, and dying left behind. Dryd. 2. An adherent to the church of England. CHURCH-WARDENS. n. S. [See WAR DEN.] Officers yearly chosen, by the consent of the minister and parishioners, according to the custom of each place, to look to the church, church-yard, and such things as belong to both; and to observe the behaviour of the parishioners, VOL. I. Our church-rvårdens Feast on the silver, and give us the farthings. CHURCHYARD. n. s. Gay. The ground ad joining to the church, in which the dead are buried; a cemetery. I am almost afraid to stand alone Here in the churchyard, yet I will adventure. Shakspeare. In churchyards where they bury much,the earth will consume the corps in far shorter time than other earth will. Bacon. No place so sacred from such fops is barr'd; Nor is Paul's church more safe than Paul's churchyard. Pope. CHURL. n. s. [ceonl, Sax. carl, in German, is strong, rusticks being always observed to be strong bodied.] I. A rustick; a countryman; a labourer. He holdeth himself a gentleman; and scorneth to work or use any hard labour, which he saith is the life of a peasant or churl. Spenser. One of the baser sort, which they call churls, being reproved for his oath, answered confident ly, that his lord commanded him. Churl, upon thy eyes 1 throw All the pow'r this charm doth owe. Spenser. Shaksp. From this light cause th' infernal maid prepares The country churls to mischief, hate, and wars. Dryden. 2. A rude, surly, ill-bred man. 3. A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. Sidney. A miser; a niggard; a selfish or greedy wretch. Poison, I see, hath been his timeless end! O churl, drink all, and leave no friendly drop CHURLISH. adj. [from churl.] To help me after ! Shakspeare. 1. Rude; brutal; harsh; austere; sour; merciless; unkind; uncivil. A sea of melting pearl, which some call tears, Those at her father's churlish feet she tender'd. Shakspeare. The interruption of their churlish drums Cuts off more circumstance; they are at hand, To parly, or to fight. Shakspeare. A lion in love with a lass, desired her father's consent. The answer was churlish enough: He'd never marry his daughter to a brute. He the pursuit of churlish beasts Preferr'd to sleeping on her breasts. 2. Selfish; avaricious. L'Estrange. Waller. The man was churlish and evil in his doings. This sullen churlish thief King. 3. [Of things.] Unpliant; cross-grained; unmanageable; harsh; not yielding. If there be emission of spirit, the body of the metal will be hard and churli.b. Bacon. The Cornish were become, like metal often fired and quenched, churlish, and that would sooner break than bow. Bacon's Henry VII. CHU'RLISHNESS. n. s. [from churlish; cynhrcnerre, Saxon.] Brutality; ruggedness of manner. Better is the churlishness of a man, than a courteous woman. Ecclus. In the churlishness of fortune, a poor honest man suffers in this world. L'Estrange. CHURME. 7. S. [more properly chirm, from the Saxon cyɲme, a clamour or noise; as to chirre is to coo as a turtle.] A confused sound; a noise. He was conveyed to the Tower, with the cburme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon. CHURN. n. s. [properly chern, from kern, Dutch, cenene, Sax ] The vessel in which the butter is, by long and violent agitation, coagulated and separated from the serous parts of the milk. Her aukward fist did ne'er employ the churn. Gay's Pastorals. To CHURN. v. a. [kernen, Dutch.] Perchance he spoke not; but Shakspeare. Froth fills his chaps; he sends a grunting sound, And part he churns, and part befoams the ground. Dryden. Churn'd in his teeth the foamy venom rose. The mechanism of nature, in converting our aliment, consists in mixing with it animal juices, and in the action of the solid parts churning them together. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 2. To make butter by agitating the milk. The churning of milk bringeth forth butter. Proverbs. You may try the force of imagination, upon staying the coming of butter after the churning. Bacon's Natural History. CHU'RRWORM. n. s. [from cynɲan, Sax.] An insect that turns about nimbly; called also a fancricket. Skinner. Phill. To CHUSE. See To CHOOSE. CHYLA'CEOUS. adj. [from chyle.] longing to chyle; consisting of chyle. When the spirits of the chyle have half fermented the chylaceous mass, it has the state of drink not ripened by fermentation. Floyer. CHYLE. n. s. [x] The white juice formed in the stomach by digestion of the aliment, and afterward changed into blood. Be This powerful ferment, mingling with the parts, The leven'd mass or milky chyle converts. Blackmore. The chyle cannot pass through the smallest Arbuthnot. vessels. CHYLIFA'CTION. n. s. [from chyle.] The act or process of making chyle in the body. Drinking excessively during the time of chyle faction,stops perspiration. Arbuthnot en Alimenti. CHYLIFA'CTIVE. adj. [from_chylus, and facio, to make, Lat.] Having the power of making chyle. CHYLOPOLTICK. adj. [x and ] Having the power, or the office, of forming chyle. According to the force of the chylopectick or gans, more or less chyle may be extracted from the same food. Arbuth CHY'LOUS. adj. [from chyle.] Consisting of chyle; partaking of chyle. Milk is the chylous part of an animal, already prepared. Arbuth CHYMIC. n. s. A chymist. Obsolete. The ancients observing in that material a kind of metallical nature, seem to have resolved it into nobler use: an art now utterly lost, or per chance kept up by a few chymics. CHYMICAL. CHY'MICK. adj. [chymicus, Latin ] Methinks already, from this chymick fame, I see a city of more precious mold With chymick art exalts the min'ral pow'rs, And daws the aromatick souls of flow'rs. P CHYMICALLY. adv. [from chymical.] la a chymical manner. CHY'MIST. n. s. [See CHYMISTRY. A professor of chymistry; a philosopher by fire. The starving chymist, in his golden views Supremely blest. Pope's Essay on Mor CHYMISTRY, n. s. [derived by son from xu, juice, or xw, to melt; by others from an oriental word, kema, black. According to the supposed et mology, it is written with y or e.]. An art whereby sensible bodies contained a yessels, or capable of being contained theres are so changed by means of certain instrumers and principally fire, that their several powe and virtues are thereby discovered, with a Beerbac to philosophy or medicine. Operations of chymistry fall short of vital forcel no chymist can make milk or blood of grass Arbuthnot on Al CIBA'RIOUS. adj. [cibarius, Lat. from Ciboules, or scallions, are a kind of degenerate onions. CICATRICE. CICATRIX. } ? .. [cicatrix, Latin.] 1. The scar remaining after a wound. One captain Spurio, with his cicatrice, an blem of war, here on his sinister cheek. Sha A mark; an impression: so used by Shakspeare less properly. 2. CID Lean but upon a rush, CICATRIZATION. n. s. [from cicatrice.] A vein bursted, or corroded, in the lungs, is looked upon to be for the most part incurable, because of the motion and coughing of the lungs tearing the gap wider, and hindering the conglutination and cicatrization of the vein. Harvey. 2. The state of being healed, or skinned over. The first stage of healing, or the discharge of matter, is called digestion; the second, or the filling up with flesh, incarnation; and the last, or skinning over, cicatrization. Sharp's Surgery. To CICATRIZE. v. a. [from cicatrix.] 1. To apply such medicines to wounds, or ulcers, as heal and skin them over. Quincy. 2. To heal and induce the skin over a sore. We incarned, and in a few days cicatrized it with a smooth cicatrix. Wiseman on Tumours. CICELY. n. s. [myrrhis.] A sort of herb. CICHORA'CEOUS. adj. [from cichorium, Lat.] Having the qualities of succory. Diureticks evacuate the salt serum; as all acid diureticks, and the testaceous and bitter Floyer. cicboraceous plants. CICH-PEA. n. s. [cicer.] A plant. Poisons may yet retain some portion of their and a convenient quantity of boiled Phillips. Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and Mortimer supplies the place of small beer. See CEILING. CIELING. n. s. CIERGE. n. s. [French.] A candle carried in processions. CILIARY. adj. [cilium, Lat.] Belonging to the eyelids. The ciliary processes, or rather the ligaments, observed in the inside of the sclerotick tunicles of the eye, do serve instead of a muscle, by the contraction, to alter the figure of the eye. Ray, CILICIOUS. adj. [from cilicium, haircloth, Lat.] Made of hair. A garment of camel's hair, that is, made of some texture of that hair; a coarse garment, a cilicious or sackcloth habit, suitable to the austerity of his life. Brown's Vulgar Errours. See SIMAR. CIMA'R. CIME LIARCH. n. s. [from xujundiagxns.] The chief keeper of plate, vestments, and things of value, belonging to a Dict. church; a church-warden. CIMETER. n. s. [cimitarra, Span. and Portug. from chimeteir, Turkish. Bluteau's Portuguese Dictionary.] A sort of sword used by the Turks, short, heavy and recurvated, or bent backward. This word is sometimes erroneously spelt scimitar, and scymiter ; as in the following examples. By this scimitar, That slew the sophy and a Persian prince, CI'NCTURE. n. s. [cinctura, Lat.] Dryden. Now happy he, whose cloak and cincture He binds the sacred cincture round his breast. 2. An inclosure. 3 The court and prison being within the cincture Bacon's Henry VII. of one wall. [In architecture.] A ring or list at the top and bottom of the shaft of a column; separating the shaft at one end from the base, at the other from the capital. It is supposed to be in imitation of the girths or ferrils anciently used to strengthen and preserve the primitive Chambers. wood columns. CI'NDER. n. s. [ceindre, French, from cineres, Lat.] 1. A mass ignited and quenched, without being reduced to ashes. Shakspeare. I should make very forges of my cheeks, So snow on Etna does unmelted lie, 2. A hot coal that has ceased to flame. If from adown the hopeful chops The fat upon a cinder drops, Swift. To stinking smoke it turns the flame. CINDER-WENCH. n, s. [cinder and avoCINDER-WOMAN.S man.] A woman whose trade is to rake in heaps of ashes for cinders. 'T is under so much nasty rubbish laid, To find it out's the cinder-woman's trade. Essay on Setire. She had above five hundred suits of fine cloaths, and yet went abroad like a cinder-wench. Arbuth. In the black form of cinder-wench she came, When love, the hour, the place, had banish'd shame. Gay. CINERATION. n.s. [from cineres, Lat.] The reduction of any thing by fire to ashes. A term of chymistry. CINERI'TIOUS. adj. [cinericius, Latin.] Having the form or state of ashes. The nerves arise from the glands of the cine ritious part of the brain, and are terminated in all parts of the body. Cheyne CINE RULENT. adj. [from cineres, Lat.] Dict. Full of ashes. CINGLE. n. s. [from cingulum, Lat.] A girth for a horse. Dict. CINNABAR. n. s. [cinnabaris, Lat.] Cinnabar is native or factitious: the factitious cinnabar is called vermilion. Cinnabar is the ore out of which quicksilver is drawn ; and consists partly of a mercurial, and partly of a sulphureo-ochreous matter. Woodward's Met. Fossils. The particles of mercury uniting with the particles of sulphur compose cinnabar. Newton. CINNABAR of Antimony, is made of mercury, sulphur, and crude antimony.CINNAMON. n. s. [cinnamomum, Lat] The fragrant bark of a low tree in the island of Ceylon. Its leaves resemble those of the olive, both as to substance and colour. The fruit resembles an acorn or olive, and has neither the smell nor taste of the bark. When boiled in water, it yields an oil, which as it cools and hardens, becomes as firm and white as tallow; the smell of which is agreeable in candles. The cinnamon of the ancients was different from ours. Chambers. Let Araby extol her happy coast, Her cinnamon and sweet amomum boast. Dryd. CINNAMON Water is made by distilling the bark, first infused in barley water, in spirit of wine or white wine. Chambers. CINQUE. n. s. [French.] A five. It is used in games alone; but is often compounded with other words. CINQUE-FOIL. n. s. [cinque feuille, Fr.] A kind of five-leaved clover. CINQUE-PACE. n. s. [cinque pas, Fr.] A kind of grave dance. Wooing, wedding, and repenting, is a Scotch jig, a measure, and a cinque-pace. The first suit is hot and hasty, like a Scotch jig, and full as fantastical; the wedding mannerly and modest, as a measure full of state and gravity; and then comes repentance, and, with his bad legs, falls into the cinque-pace faster and faster, till he sinks into his grave. Shakspeare. CINQUE-FORTS. n. s. [cinque ports, Fr.] Those havens that lie towards France, and therefore have been thought by our kings to be such as ought most vigilantly to be observed against invasion. In which respect, the places where they are have a special governour or keeper, called by his office Lord Warden of the cinque-ports; and divers privileges granted to them, as a particular jurisdiction; their warden having the authority of an admiral among them, and sending out writs in his own name. The cinque-ports are Dover, Sandwich, Rye, Hartings, Winchelsea, Rumney, and Hithe; some of which, as the number exceeds five, must either be added to the first institution by some later grant, or accounted as appendants to some of the rest. Cowell They, that bear The cloth of state above her, are four barons CINQUE-SPOTTED.adj. Having five spots. Of the cinque-ports. Shakspeare. On her left breast A mole, cinque-spotted, like the crimson drops I' th' bottom of a cowslip. Shakspeare. Cl'ON. n. s. [sion, or scion, French.] A sprout; a shoot from a plant. 1. We have reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts; whereof take this, that you call love, to be a sect or cien. Shakspeare. The stately Caledonian oak newly settled in his triumphant throne, begirt with cions of his own royal stem. Horrel. 2. The shoot engrafted or inserted on a stock. The cion over-ruleth the stock; and the stock is but passive, and giveth aliment, but no mo tion, to the graft. Bacon. CIPHER. n. s. [chifre, French; zifra, Italian; cifra, low Lat. from an oriental root.] 1. An arithmetical character, by which some number is noted; a figure. 2. An arithmetical mark, which, standing for nothing itself, increases the value of the other figures. Mine were the very cipher of a function, To find the faults, whose fine stands in record, And let go by the actor. Shakspeare. If the people be somewhat in the election, you cannot make them nulls or ciphers in the privation or translation. Bacon As, in accounts, ciphers and figures pass for real sums, so names pass for things. South. 3. An intertexture of letters engraved usually on boxes or plate. Troy flam'd in burnishi'd gold; and o'er the throne, ARMS AND THE MAN in golden ciphers shone. Some mingling stir the melted tar, and some Deep on the new-shorn vagrant's heaving side To stamp the master's cipher ready stand. Thoms 4. A character in general. In succeeding times this wisdom began to be written in ciphers and characters, and Jetters bearing the form of creatures. Raleigh. 5. A secret or occult manner of writing, or the key to it. This book, as long liv'd as the elements, In cipher writ, or new-made idioms. Donne. He was pleased to command me to stay at London, to send and receive all his letters; and I was furnished with nine several ciphers, in or der to it. Denbam. To CIPHER. v. n. [from the noun.] To practise arithmetick. |