3. [In architecture.] A little moulding carved into round beads, pearls, or olives. 4. [In horsemanship.] A couple of stirrup leathers, mounted each of them with a stirrup, and joining at top in a sort of leather buckle, which is called the head of the chaplet, by which they are fastened to the pummel of a saddle, after they have been adjusted to the length and bearing of the rider. Farrier's Dict. 5. A tuft of feathers on the peacock's head. CHAPMAN. n. s. [ceapman, Sax.] A cheapener; one that offers as a purchaser. Fair Diomede, you do as chapmen do, Dispraise the thing that you intend to buy. Shakspeare. Yet have they seen the maps, and bought 'em too, And understand 'em as most chapmen do. Ben Jonson. There was a collection of certain rare manuscripts, exquisitely written in Arabick; these were upon sale to the Jesuits at Antwerp, liquorish chapmen of such wares. Wotton. He dressed two, and carried them to Samos, as the likeliest place for a chapman. L'Estrange. Their chapmen they betray; Their shops are dens, the buyer is their prey. CHAPS. n. s. [from chap.] 1. The mouth of a beast of prey. So on the downs we see Dryden. A hasten'd hare from greedy greyhound go, And past all hope, his chaps to frustrate so. Sidney. Their whelps at home expect the promis'd food, And long to temper their dry chaps in blood. Dryden. 2. It is used in contempt for the mouth of a man. Open your mouth; you cannot tell who's your friend; open your chaps again.' Shakspeare. CHAPT. CHAPPED. The part. pass. of To chap. Like a table upon which you may run your finger without rubs, and your nail cannot find a joint; not horrid, rough, wrinkled, gaping, or chapt. Ben Jonson. Cooling ointment made, Which on their sun-burnt cheeks and their chapt skins they laid. Dryden's Fables. CHAPTER. n. s. [chapitre, Fr. from capitulum, Lat.] I. A division of a book. The first book we divide into three sections; whereof the first is these three chapters. Burnet's Theory. If these mighty men at chapter and verse, can produce then no scripture to overthrow our church ceremonies, I will undertake to produce scripture enough to warrant them. South. 2. From this comes the proverbial phrase, to the end of the chapter; throughout; to the end. Money does all things: for it gives and it takes away, it makes honest men and knaves, fools and philosophers; and so forward, mutatis mutandis, to the end of the chapter. L'Estrange. 3. Chapter, from capitulum, signifieth, in our common law, as in the canon law, whence it is borrowed, an assembly of the clergy of a cathedral or collegiate church. Corvell. 4. 5. 6. The abbot takes the advice and consent of his chapter, before he enters on any matters of in portance. Addison on Italy. The place where delinquents receive discipline and correction. A decretal epistle. Ayliffe Ayliffe. Chapter-house; the place in which assemblies of the clergy are held. Though the canonical constitution does strictly require it to be made in the cathedral, yet it matters not where it be made, either in the choir or chapter-house. Ayliffe's Parergon. CHAPTREL. n. s. [probably from chapiter.] The capitals of pillars, or pilasters, which support arches, commonly called imposts. Let the keystone break without the arch, so much as you project over the jaums with the cbaptrels. Moxon. CHAR. n. s. [of uncertain derivation.] A fish found in Winander mere, in Lancashire, and a few other places. To CHAR. v. a. [See CHARCOAL.] TO burn wood to a black cinder. cracks. Spraywood, in charring, parts into various Woodward. CHAR. n. s. [cynne, work, Sax. Lye. It is derived by Skinner, either from charge, Fr. business; or canc, Saxon, care; or keeren, Dutch, to sweep.] Work done by the day; a single job or task. hire. A meer woman, and commanded By such poor passion, as the maid that milks, And does the meanest chars. 1 Shakspeare. She, harvest done, to char work did aspire; Meat, drink, and two-pence, were her daily Dryden. To CHAR. v. n. [from the noun.] To work at others houses by the day, without being a hired servant. CHA'R-WOMAN. n. s. [from char and woman.] A woman hired accidentally for odd work, or single days. Get three or four char-women to attend you constantly in the kitchen, whom you pay only with the broken meat, a few coals, and all the cinders. Swift. CHA'RACTER. n. s. [character, Lat χαρακτήρ.] 1. A mark; a stamp ; a representation. Paradise Lost. 2. A letter used in writing or printing. But his neat cookery! 3. He cut our roots in characters. Shakspeare. The purpose is perspicuous, even as substance Whose grossness little characters sum up. Sbaks. It were much to be wished, that there were throughout the world but one sort of character for each letter, to express it to the eye; and that exactly proportioned to the natural alphabet formed in the mouth. Holder's Elements of Speech. The hand or manner of writing. I found the letter thrown in at the casement of my closet.-You know the character to be your brother's. Shakspeare. 4. Apresentation of any man as to his personal qualities. Each drew fair characters, yet none Of these they feign'd excels their own. Denham. Homer has excelled all the heroick poets that ever wrote, in the multitude and variety of his characters; every god that is admitted into his poem, acts a part which would have been suitable to no other deity. Addison. 3. An account of any thing as good or bad. This subterraneous passage is much mended, since Seneca gave so bad a character of it. Addison on Italy. 6. The person with his assemblage of qualities; a personage. In a tragedy, or epick poem, the hero of the piece must be advanced foremost to the view of the reader or spectator; he must outshine the rest of all the characters; he must appear the prince of them, like the sun in the Copernican system, encompassed with the less noble planets. Dryden. 7. Personal qualities; particular constitution of the mind. Pope. Nothing so true as what you once let fall, Most women have no characters at all. 8. Adventitious qualities impressed by a post or office. The chief honour of the magistrate consists in maintaining the dignity of his character by suitable actions. Atterbury. To CHARACTER. v. a. [from the noun.] To inscribe; to engrave. It seems to have had the accent formerly on the second syllable. These few precepts in thy memory See thou character. Shakspeare. Shew me one scat character'd on thy skin. Shak. O Rosalind! these trees shall be my books, And in their barks my thoughts I'll character. Shakspeare. The pleasing poison The visage quite transforms of him that drinks, And the inglorious likeness of a beast Fixes instead, unmoulding reason's mintage, Character'd in the face. Milton. CHARACTERISTICAL. adj. [from chaCHARACTERISTICK. Sracterize.] That constitutes the character, or marks the peculiar properties, of any person or thing. There are several others that I take to have been likewise such, to which yet I have not ventured to prefix that characteristick distinction. Woodward on Fossils. The shining quality of an epick hero, his agnanimity, his constancy, his patience, his piety, or whatever characteristical virtue his poét gives him, raises our admiration. Dryden. CHARACTERISTICALNESS. n. s. [from characteristical.] The quality of being peculiar to a character; marking a cha racter. CHARACTERISTICK. n. 5. That which constitutes the character; that which distinguishes any thing or person from others. This vast invention exerts itself in Homer, in a manner superiour to that of any poet; it is the great and peculiar characteristick which distinguishes him from all others. Pope. CHARACTERISTICK of a Logarithm. The same with the index or exponent. To CHARACTERIZE. v. a. [from character.] 1. To give a character or an account of the personal qualities of any man. It is some commendation, that we have avoided publickly to characterize any person, without long experience. . To engrave, or imprint. Swift. 3. They may be called anticipations, prenotices or sentiments characterized and engraven in the soul, born with it, and growing up with it. Hale's Origin of Mankisi To mark with a particular stamp or token. There are faces not only individual, but ge tilitious and national; European, Asiatick, Cnese, African, and Grecian faces are churc terized. Arbuthnot an Air. CHARACTERLESS, aj. [from character.] When water-drops have worn the stones of ac And blind oblivion swallow'd cities up, And mighty states characterless are grated To dusty nothing. Shakspeare CHARACTERY. n. s. [from character.] Impression; mark; distinction: cented anciently on the second syllable. Fairies use flowers for their characters. Stars All my engagements I will construe to thee, All the charactery of my sad brows. Staket. CHARCOAL. . s. [imagined by Skimmer to be derived from char, business; but, by Lye, from To chark, to burn.] Coal made by burning wood under turf. It is used in preparing metals. Seacoal lasts longer than charcoal; and charmd of roots, being coaled into great pieces, longer than ordinary charcoal. Bacon's Nat. Hu Love is a fire that burns and sparkles In men as natʼrally as in charcoals, Which sooty chymists stop in holes, When out of wood they extract coals. Hudibre. Is there who, lock'd from ink and paper, scrawls With desp'rate charcoal round his darken'dwalls? CHARD. n. s. [charde, French.] 1. Chards of artichokes, are the leaves of fair artichoke plants, tied and wrapped up all over but the top, in straw, during the autumn and winter; this makes them grow white, and lose some of their bitterness. Chambers 2. Chards of bect, are plants of white beet transplanted, producing great tops, which, in the midst, have a large, white, thick, downy, and cotton-like man shoot which is the true chard. Mortimer To CHARGE. v. a. [charger, Fr. cari care, Ital. from carrus, Lat.] 1. To entrust; to commission for a cer tain purpose: it has quith before the thing entrusted. And the captain of the guard charged Joseph with them, and he served them. Geaca What you have charged me with, that I have done. Shakspear 2. To impute as a debt: with on before the debtor. My father's, mother's, brother's death I p→→ don: That's somewhat, sure; a mighty sum of murder, Of innocent and kindred blood, struck off: My prayers and penance shall discount forthest, And beg of Heav'n to charge the bill on me. 3. To impute: with on before the person to whom any thing is imputed. No more accuse thy peu, but charge the cri On native sloth, and negligence of time. Dr. It is easy to account for the difficulties charges on the peripatetick doctrine. Perverse mankind! whose wills, created free, He was so great an encourager of commerce, that he charged himself with all the sea risk of such vessels as carried oorn to Rome in winter. Arbuthnot on Coins. 5. To impose as a task : it has with before the thing imposed. The gospel chargeth us with piety towards God, and justice and charity to men, and temand chastity in reference to ourselves. perance Tillotson. 4. To accuse; to censure. Speaking thus to you, I am so far from charg ing you as guilty in this matter, that I can sincerely say, I believe the exhortation wholly needless. Wake's Preparation for Death. 7. To accuse: it has with before the crime. And his angels he charged with folly. 8. To challenge. Job. The priest shall charge her by an oath. Numb. I may not suffer you to visit them; answer To what I shall enquire. I charge thee, stand, Dryden. iron, and seems to despise all ornament but in- CHARGE. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. Care; custody; trust to defend. He enquired many things, as well concerning the princes which had the charge of the city, whether they were in hope to defend the same. Knolles's History of the Turks. 2. Precept; mandate; command. Saul might even lawfully have offered to God those reserved spoils, had not the Lord, in that particular case, given special charge to the conHooker. trary. It is not for nothing, that St. Paul giveth charge to beware of philosophy; that is to say, such knowledge as men by natural reason atHooker. tain unto. One of the Turks laid down letters upon a stone, saying, that in them was contained that Knolles. they had in charge. The leaders having charge from you to stand, From us no other service than to keep If large possessions, pompous titles, honourable charges, and profitable commissions, could have made this proud man happy, there would have been nothing wanting. L'Estrange Go first the master of thy herds to find, True to his charge, a loyal swain and kind. Pop. 4. It had anciently sometimes over before the thing committed to trust. I gave my brother charge over Jerusalem; for he was a faithful man, and feared God above Nehemiah. many. Dryden. 5. It has of before the subject of command And tell thy name, and business in the land. 10. To fall upon; to attack. With his prepared sword he charges home My unprovided body, lanc'd my arm. Shaks. The Grecians rally, and their pow'rs unite; With fury charge us, and renew the fight. Dryd. II. To burden; to load. Here's the smell of blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Oh! oh! oh!--What a sigh is there! The Shakspeare. heart is sorely charged. When often urg'd, unwilling to be great, Your country calls you from your lov'd retreat, And sends to senates, charg'd with common care, Which none more shuns, and none can better Dryden. bear. Meat swallowed down for pleasure and greediness, only charges the stomach, or fumes into Temple. the brain. A fault in the ordinary method of education, is the charging of children's memories with rules and precepts. Swift. Locke. The brief with weighty crimes was charg'd, On which the pleader much enlarg'd. 12. To cover with something adventitious. It is pity the obelisks in Rome had not been tharged with several parts of the Egyptian histories, instead of hieroglyphicks. Addison on Italy. 13. To fix, as for fight. Obsolete. He rode up and down, gallantly mounted, Knalles. and charged and discharged his lance. 14. To load a gun with powder and bul lets. To CHARGE. v. n. To make an onset. Like your heroes of antiquity, he dorges in or trust. Hast thou eaten of the tree, 6. It has upon before the person charged. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy. 7. Accusation; imputation. We need not lay new matter to his charge: Beating your officers, cursing yourselves. Shak. These very men are continually reproaching the clergy, and laying to their charge the pride, the avarice, the luxury, the ignorance, and sy perstition, of popish times. Swift. 8. The person or thing entrusted to the To thy transgressions, and disturb'd the charge Our guardian angel saw them where they sate This part should be the governour's principal care; that an habitual gracefulness and politeness, in all his carriage, may be settled in his charge, as much as may be, before he goes out Locke of his hands. 9. An exhortation of a judge to a jury, or bishop to his clergy. The bishop has recommended this author in his charge to the clergy.. Dryden. 10. Expence; cost. Being long since made weary with the huge charge which you have laid upon us, and with the strong endurance of so many complaints. Spenser. Their charge was always born by the queen, and duly paid out of the exchequer. Bacon. Witness this army of such mass and charge, Led by a delicate and tender prince. Shaksp. He liv'd as kings retire, though more at large, From publick business, yet of equal charge. Dryden. 1. It is, in later times, commonly used in the plural, charges. A man ought warily to begin charges, which once begun, will continue. Bacon's Essays. Ne'er put yourself to charges, to complain Of wrong which heretofore you did sustain. Dryden. The last pope was at considerable charges to make a little kind of harbour in this place. Addison on Italy. 12. Onset. And giving a charge upon their enemies, like lions, they slew eleven thousand footmen, and sixteen hundred horsemen, and put all the others to flight. 2 Mact. Honourable retreats are no ways inferiour to brave charges; as having less of fortune, more of discipline, and as much of valour. Bacon. 13. The signal to fall upon enemies. Our author seems to sound a charge, and be gins like the clangour of a trumpet. Dryden. 14. The posture of a weapon fitted for the attack or combat. Their neighing coursers daring of the spur, Their armed staves in charge, their beavers down. Shakspeare. 15. A load, or burden. Asses of great charge. 16. What any thing can bear. Shakspeare. Take of aqua-fortis two ounces, of quick silver two drachms, for that charge the aquafortis will bear, the dissolution will not bear a fiint as big as a nutmeg. Bacon. 17. The quantity of powder and ball put into a gun. 18. Among farriers. Charge is a preparation, or a sort of ointment of the consistence of a thick decoction, which is applied to the shoulder-splaits, inflammations, and sprains of horses. A charge is of a middle nature, between an ointment and a plaster, or between a plaster and a cataplasm. Farrier's Dict. 19. In heraldry. The charge is that which is born upon the colour, except it be a coat divided only by parPeacham. tition. CHARGEABLE. adj. [from charge.] 1. Expensive; costly. Divers bulwarks were demolished upon the sea-coast, in peace chargeable, and little serviceable in war. Hayrvard. Neither did we eat any man's bread for nought, but wrought with labour and travel night and day, that we might not be chargeable to any of you. 2 Thessalonians. There was another accident of the same nature on the Sicilian side, much more pleasant, but less chargeable; for it cost nothing but wit. Wotton. Considering the chargeable methods of their 2. education, their numerous issue, and small income, it is next to a miracle, that no more of their children should want. Atterbury. Imputable, as a debt or crime: with on. Nothing can be a reasonable ground of despising a man, but some fault or other chargeable upon him. South. 3. Subject to charge or accusation; accusable: followed by wik. Your papers would be changeable with some thing worse than indelicacy; they would be immoral. Spectator. [from charge able.] Expence : t: costliness. That which most uc Is me from such trials, is not their chargeableness, but their unsatisfac toriness though they should succeed. Boyle. CHARGEABLY adv. [from chargeable.] Expensively; at great cost. CHARGEABLENESS, He procured it not with his money, but by his wisdom; not chargeably bought by him, but liberally given by others by his means. Ascham CHARGEFUL. adj. [charge and full.] Expensive; costly. Not in use. Here's the note How much your chain weighs to the utmost Anchises did in sacrifice employ. Dryd. Eneid. Ev'n Lamb himself, at the most solemn feast, Might have some chargers not exactly dress'd. King Nor dare they close their eyes, Void of a bulky charger near their lips, With which, in often interrupted sleep, Their frying blood compels to irrigate Their dry furr'd tongues. CHA'RILY. adv. [from chary.] Warily; frugally. Philips. What piper do you take up so charily? Stak. CHA'KINESS. n. s. [from charg.] Caution; nicety; scrupulousness. I will consent to act any villany against him, that may not sully the chariness of our honesty. CHARIOT. n. s. [car-rhod, Welsh, a Shakspeare. wheeled car, for it is known the Britons fought in such; charrict, French; carretta, Italian.] 1. A wheel carriage of pleasure, or state; a vehicle for men rather than wares. Thy grand captain Antony Shall set thee on triumphant chariots, and Put garlands on thy head. Shakspeart. 2. A car in which men of arms were anciently placed. He skims the liquid plains,, High on his chariot, and with loosen'd reins Majestick moves along. Dryden's End 3. A lighter kind of coach, with only front seats. To CHARIOT. v. a. [from the noun.] To convey in a chariot. This word is rarely used. An angel all in flames ascended, As in a fiery column charioting His godlike presence. "Milton's Agonister, CHARIOTEʼER. n. s. [from chariot.] He that drives the chariot. It is used only in speaking of military chariots, and those in the ancient publick games. The gasping charioteer beneath the wheel Of his own car. Dryden's Fables. The burning chariot, and the charioteer, In bright Bootes and his wain appear. Addison. Show us the youthful handsome charioteer, Firm in his seat, and running his career. Prior. CHARIOT RACE. n. s. [from chariot and race.] A sport anciently used, where chariots were driven for the prize, as now horses run. There is a wonderful vigour and spirit in the description of the horse and chariot race. Addison. CHARITABLE. adj. [charitable, Fr. from charité.] 1. Kind in giving alms; liberal to the poor. He that hinders a charitable person from giving alms to a poor man, is tied to restitution, if he hindered him by fraud or violence. Taylor. Shortly thou wilt behold me poor, and kneeling Before thy charitable door for bread. Rowe. How shall we then wish, that it might be allowed us to live over our lives again, in order to fill every minute of them with charitable offices! Atterbury. Health to himself, and to his infants bread," The ab'rer bears: what his hard heart denies, His charitable vanity supplies. Pope. 2. Kind in judging of others; disposed to tenderness; benevolent. How had you been my friends else! Why have you that charitable title from thousands? did you not chiefly belong to my heart? Shakspeare's Timon. Of a politick sermon that had no divinity, the king said to bishop Andrews, Call you this a sermon? The bishop answered, by a charitable construction it may be a sermon. Bacon. CHARITABLY. adv. [from charity.] 1. Kindly; liberally; with inclination to help the poor. 2. Benevolently; without malignity. Nothing will more enable us to bear our cross patiently, injuries charitably, and the labour of religion comfortably. Taylor. Pope. "I' is best sometimes your censure to restrain, And charitably let the dull be vain. CHARITY. n. s. charité, Fr. charitas, Latin.] 1. Tenderness; kindness; love. By thee, Founded in reason, loyal, just, and pure, Of father, son, and brother, first were known. 1 2. Good-will; benevolence; disposition to think well of others. My errours, I hope, are only those of charity to mankind; and such as my own charity has caused me to commit, that of others may more easily excuse. Dryden. 3. The theological virtue of universal love. Concerning charity, the final object whereof is that incomprehensible beauty which shineth in the countenance of Christ, the Son of the living God. Hooker. Peace, peace; for shame, if not for charity.-Urge neither charity nor shame to me; Uncharitably with me have you dealt. Shaksp. Only add Deeds to thy knowledge answerable; add faith Add virtue, patience, temperance; add love,. By name to come call'd charity, the soul Of all the rest. Milten. Faith believes the revelations of God; hope expects his promises; charity loves his excellencies and mercies. Taylor. But lasting charity's more ample sway Nor bound by time, nor subject to decay, In happy triumph shall for ever live. Prior. Charity, or a love of God, which works by a love of our neighbour, is greater than faith or hope. Atterbury. 4. Liberality to the poor. The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido to the Trojans, spoke like a christian. Dryden. 5. Alms; relief given to the poor. We must incline to the king; I will look for him, and privily relieve him; go you and maintain talk with the duke, that my charity be not of him perceived. Shakspeare. The ant did well to reprove the grasshopper for her slothfulness; but she did ill then to refuse her a charity in her distress. L'Estrange I never had the confidence to beg a charity. Dryden To CHARK, v. a. To burn to a black cinder, as wood is burned to make char coal. Excess either with an apoplexy knocks a man on the head: or with a fever, like fire in a strongwater shop, burns him down to the ground; or, if it flames not out, charks him to a coal. Grew. CHARLATAN. n. s. [charlatan, Fr. ciarlatano, Ital. from ciarlare, to chatter.] A quack; a mountebank; an empirick. Saltimbanchoes, quacksalvers, and charlatans, deceive them in lower degrees. Brown. For charlatans can do no good, Until they're mounted in a crowd. Hudibras. CHARLATA'NICAL. adj. [from charlatan.] Quackish; ignorant. A cowardly soldier, and a charlatanical doctor, are the principal subjects of comedy. Cowley CHARLATANRY. n. s. [from charlatan.] Wheedling; deceit; cheating with fair words. CHARLES'-WAIN. n. s. The northern constellation, called the Bear. seven. There are seven stars in Ursa minor; and in Charles's-wain, or Plaustrum of Ursa major, Brown's Vulgar Errours. CHA'RLOCK. n. s. A weed growing among the corn with a yellow flower. It is a species of Mithridate mustard. CHARM. n. s. [charme, French; carmen, Latin.] 1. Words, or philtres, or characters, imagined to have some occult or unintelligible power. I never knew a woman so dote upon a man; surely I think you have charms.Not I, I assure thee; setting the attraction of my good parts aside, I have no other charms. Shakspeare There have been used, either barbarous words, of no sense, lest they should disturb the imagination; or words of similitude, that may secondand feed the imagination: and this was ever as well in heathen charms, as in charms of later times. Bacon Alcyone he names amidst his pray'rs, |