the land in contest, or part of the gains. Cowell. CHAMPERTY. n. s. [champart, Fr. In law.] A maintenance of any man in his suit, while depending, upon condition to have part of the thing when it is recovered. Cowell. CHAMPIGNON. n. s. [champignon, Fr.] A kind of mushroom. Heviler friends with doubtful mushroons treats, Secure from you, himself champignons eats. Dryd. It has the resemblance of a farge champignon before it is opened, branching out into a large round knob. Woodward. CHAMPION. n. s. [champion, Fr. campio, low Lat.] 1. A man who undertakes a cause in single combat. In many armies, the matter should be tried by duel between two champions. Bacon. For hot, cold, moist, and dry, four champions fierce, Strive here for mast'ry, and to battle bring Their embryon atoms. Milton's Par. Lost. O light of Trojans, and support of Troy, Thy father's champion, and thy country's joy! Dryden. At length the adverse admirals appear; The two bold champions of each country's right. Dryden. 2. A hero; a stout warriour; one bold in contest. A stouter champion never handled sword. Shakspeare. This makes you incapable of conviction; and they applaud themselves as zealous champions for truth, when indeed they are contending for erLocke.. rour. 3. In law. In our common law, champion is taken no less for him that trieth the combat in his own case, than for him that fighteth in the case of anCorvell. other. To CHAMPION. v. a. [from the noun.] To challenge to the combat. The seed of Banquo, kings! Rather than so, come, Fate, into the list, 1. Fortune; the cause of fortuitous events. The only man, of all that chance could bring To meet my arms, was worth the conquering. Dryden. Chance is but à mere name, and really nothing in itself; a conception of our minds, and only a compendious way of speaking, whereby we would express, that such effects as are commonly attributed to chance, were verily produced by their true and proper causes, but without their design to produce them. Bentley. 2. Fortune; the act of fortune; what fortune may bring: applied to persons. These things are commonly not observed, but left to take their chance. Bacon's Essays. 3. Accident; casual occurrence; fortuitous event. To say a thing is a chance or casualty, as it relates to second causes, is not profaneness, but a great truth; as signifying no more, than that there are some events besides the knowledge and power of second agents. South. The beauty I beheld has struck me dead; 4. Unknowingly she strikes, and kills by chance; Poison is in her eyes, and death in ev'ry glance. Dryden All nature is but art, unknown to thee; All chance, direction which thou canst not see. Pope. Event; success; luck: applied to things. Now we'll together, and the chance of goodness To say extremity was the trier of spirits, 6. Possibility of any occurrence. A chance, but chance may lead, where I may brother? Shakespeare. Shakspeare. Ay, Casca, tell us what hath chanc'd to-day, That Cæsar looks so sad. Shakspeare. He chanced upon divers of the Turksvictuallers, whom he easily took. Knolles's Hist. of the Turks. I chose the safer sea, and chanc'd to find A river's mouth impervious to the wind. Pope. CHANCE-MEDLEY. n. s. [from chance and medley. In law.] The casual slaughter of a man, not altogether without the fault of the slayer, when ignorance or negligence is joined with the chance; as if a man lop trees by an highway-side, by which many usually travel, and cast down a bough, not giving warning to take heed thereof, by which bough one passing by is slain; in this case he of fends, because he gave no warning, that the party might have taken heed to himself. Corvell. If such an one should have the ill hap, at any time, to strike a man dead with a smart saying, it ought, in all reason and conscience, to be South. CHANCEABLE. adj. [from chance] Acjudged but a chance-medley. cidental. The trial thereof was cut off by the chanceable coming thither of the king of Iberia. Sidney. CHANCEFUL. adj. [chance and full.] Hazardous. Out of use. Myself would offer you t' In this advent'rous chanceful jeopardy. Spenser. accompany CHANCEL. n. s. [from cancelli, Lat. lattices, with which the chancel was enclosed.] The eastern part of the church, in which the altar is placed. Whether it be allowable or no, that the minister should say service in the chancel Hoster The chancel of this church is vaulted with a single stone of four feet, in thickness, and an hundred and fourteen in circumference. Addison CHANCELLOR. n.s. [cancellarius, Lat. chancellier, Fr. from cancellare, literas vel scriptum lineâ per medium ductâ damnare; and seemeth of itself likewise to be derived` à cancellis, which signify all one with xyxides, a lattice; that is, a thing made of wood or iron bars, laid crossways one over another, so that a man may see through them in and out. It may be thought that judgment seats were compassed in with bars, to defend the judges and other officers from the press of the multitude, and yet not to hinder any man's view. Quasitus regni tibi cancellarius Angli, Primus solliciti mente petendus erit. Hic est, qui regni leges cancellat iniquas, Et mandata pii principis æqua facit. Verses of Nigel de Wetekre to the bishop of Ely, chancellor to Richard 1.] 1. The highest judge of the law. Cancellarius, at the first, signified the registers or actuaries in court; grapharios, scil. qui conscribendis excipiendis judicum actis dant operam. But this name is greatly advanced, and, not only in other kingdoms but in this, is given to him that is the chief judge in causes of property; for the chancellor hath power to moderate and temper the written law, and subjecteth himself only to the law of nature and conscience. Corvell. Turn out, you rogue! how like a beast you lie! Go, buckle to the law. Is this an hour To stretch your limbs? you'll ne'er be chancellor. Dryden jun. Aristides was a person of the strictest justice, and best acquainted with the laws, as well as forms of their government; so that he was in a manner, chancellor of Athens. Swift. 2. CHANCELLOR in the Ecclesiastical· Court. A bishop's lawyer; a man trained up in the civil and canon law, to direct the bishops in matters of judgment, relating as well to criminal as to civil affairs in the church. Ayliffe. 3. CHANCELLOR of a Cathedral. A dignitary whose office it is to superintend the regular exercise of devotion. 4. CHANCELLOR of the Exchequer. An officer who sits in that court, and in the exchequer chamber. He has power, with others, to compound for forfeitures on penal statutes, bonds and recognizances entered into by the king. He has great authority in managing the royal revenue, and in matters of first-fruits. court of equity is in the exchequer chamber, and is held before the lord treasurer, chancellor, and barons, as that of common law before the barons only. Cowell. Chambers. 5. CHANCELLOR of an University. The principal magistrate, who at Oxford holds his office during life, but at Cambige he may be elected every three The 6. CHANCELLOR of the Order of th Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter and assembly of the knights, keeps the register of their deliberations, and delivers their acts under the seal of the order. Chambers. CHANCELLORSHIP. n. s. The office of chancellor. The Sunday after More gave up his chancel lorship of England, he came himself to his wife's pew, and used the usual words of his gentleman usher, Madam, my lord is gone. Camden. CHANCERY. n. s. [from chancellor; probably chancellery, then shortened.] The court of equity and conscience, moderating the rigour of other courts, that are tied to the letter of the law; whereof the lord chancellor of England is the chief judge, or the lord keeper of the great seal. Cowell. The contumacy and contempt of the party must be signified in the court of chancery, by the bishop's letters under the seal episcopal. Ayliffe. CHA'NCRE. n. s. [chancre, Fr. An ulcer usually arising from venereal maladies. It is possible he was not well cured, and would have relapsed with a chancre. Wiseman. CHA'NCROUS. adj. [from chancre.] Having the qualities of a chancre; ulcerous. You may think I am too strict in giving so many internals in the cure of so small an ulcer as a chancre, or rather a chancrous callus. Wisem. CHANDELIER. n. s. [chandelier, Fr.] A branch for candles. CHANDLER. n. s. [chandelier, Fr.] An artisan whose trade it is to make candles, or a person who sells them. The sack that thou hast drunken me, would have bought me lights as good cheap at the dearest chandlers in Europe. Shakspeare. But whether black or lighter dyes are worn, The chandler's basket, on his shoulder born, With tallow spots thy coat. Gay. CHANFRIN. n. s. [old French.] The forepart of the head of a horse, which extends from under the ears, along the interval between the eyebrows, down to his nose. Farrier's Dict. To CHANGE. v. a. [changer, Fr. cam◄ bio, Lat.] 1. To put one thing in the place of another. He that cannot look into his own estate, had need choose well whom he employeth, and change them often; for new are more timorous, and less subtile. Bacon's Essays. 2. To quit any thing for the sake of another with for before the thing taken or received. Persons grown up in the belief of any religion, cannot change that for another, without applying their understanding duly to consider and compare both. South. The French and we still change; but here's the curse, They change for better, and we change for worse. Dryden. 3. To give and take reciprocally: with the particle with before the person to whom we give, and from whom we take. To secure thy content, look upon those thon sands, ruith whom thou wouldst not, for any interest, change thy fortune and condition. Taylor's Rule of living boly. 4. To alter; to make other than it was. Thou shalt not see me blush, Nor change my countenance, for this arrest; For the elements were changed in themselves by a kind of harmony; like as in a psaltery notes change the name of the tune, and yet are always sounds. Wisdom. 5. To mend the disposition or mind. 6. To discount a larger piece of money into several smaller. A shopkeeper might be able to change a guinea, or a moidore, when a customer comes for a crown's worth of goods. Swift. 7. To change a horse, or to change hand, is to turn or bear the horse's head from one hand to the other, from the left to the right, or from the right to the left. Farrier's Dict. To CHANGE. v. n. 1. To undergo change; to suffer alteration: as, his fortune may soon change, though he is now so secure. One Julia, that his changing thought forgot, Would better fit his chamber. Shakspeare. 2. To change, as the moon; to begin a new monthly revolution. I am weary of this moon; would he would change. Shakspeare. CHANGE. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. An alteration of the state of any thing. Since I saw you last, There is a change upon you. Shakspeare. 2. A succession of one thing in the place of another. a wond'rous changes of a fatal scene, Still varying to the last! 1 Dryden. Nothing can cure this part of ill-breeding, but hange and variety of company, and that of persons above us. Locke. Empires by various turns shall rise and set; While thy abandon'd tribes shall only know A diff'rent master, and a change of time. Prior. Hear how Timotheus' varied lays surprize, And bid alternate passions fall and rise! While, at each change, the son of Libyan Jove Now burns with fury, and now melts with love. Pope. 3. The time of the moon in which it begins a new monthly revolution. Take seeds or roots, and set some of them immediately after the change, and others of the same kind immediately after the full. Bacon. 4. Novelty; a state different from the former. Easy it may be to contrive new postures, and ring other changes upon the same bells. Norri 6. That which makes a variety; that which may be used for another of the same kind. I will now put forth a riddle unto you; if you can find it out, then I will give you thirty sheets, and thirty change of garments. Judy. 7. Small money, which may be given for larger pieces. Wood buys up our old halfpence, and from thence the present want of change arises; but supposing not one farthing of change in the na tion, five-and-twenty thousand pounds would be sufficient. Swift. 8. Change for exchange; a place where persons meet to traffick and transact mercantile affairs. The bar, the bench, the change, the schools and pulpits, are full of quacks, jugglers, and plagiaries. L'Estrange. CHANGEABLE. adj. [from change.] 1. Subject to change; fickle; inconstant. A steady mind will admit steady methods and counsels; there is no measure to be taken of a ebangeable humour. L'Estrange As I am a man, I must be changeable; and sometimes the gravest of us all are so, even pon ridiculous accidents. Dryden, 2. Possible to be changed. The fibrous or vascular parts of vegetables seem scarce changeable in the alimentary duct. Arbuthnot on Alimenti. 3. Having the quality of exhibiting dif ferent appearances. Now the taylor make thy doublet of change able taffeta; for thy mind is a very opal. Shak CHANGEABLENESS. n. s. [from change able.] 1. Inconstancy; fickleness. At length he betrothed himself to one wor thy to be liked, if any worthiness might excuse so unworthy a changeableness. Sidney. There is no temper of mind more unmanly than that changeableness, with which we are too justly branded by all our neighbours. Addison. 2. Susceptibility of change. If how long they are to continue in force, be no where expressed, then have we no light to di rect our judgment concerning the changeableness or immutability of them, but considering the nature and quality of such laws. Hooker. CHANGEABLY.adv. [from changeable.} Inconstantly. CHANGEFUL. adj. [from change and full.] Full of change; inconstant; uncertain; mutable; subject to variation; fickle. Unsound plots, and changeful orders, are daily devised for her good, yet never effectually proSpeastr Britain, changeful as a child at play, Now calls in pices, and now turns away. Pape. CHANGELING. n. s. [from change; the word arises from an odd superstitious opinion, that the fairies steal away children, and put others that are ugly and stupid in their places.] secuted. 1. A child left or taken in the place of an other. And her base elfin breed there for thee left Such men do changelings call, so chang'd by Spenser's Fairy Queen, fairies theft. She, as her attendant, hath A lovely boy stol'n from an Indian king; She never had so sweet a changeling. Shaksptare. 'Twas not long Shakspeare. Before from world to world they swung; As they had turn'd from side to side, And as the changelings liv'd, they died. Hedib. 4. Any thing changed and put in the place of another: in ludicrous speech. I Folded the writ up in form of the other, Subscrib'd it, gave the impression, plac'd it safely, The bangeling never known. Shakspeare. CHANGER. . s. [from change.] One that is employed in changing or discounting money; moneychanger. CHANNEL. n. s. [canal, Fr. canalis, Lat.] 1. The hollow bed of running waters. It is not so easy, now that things are grown into an habit, and have their certain course, to change the channel, and turn their streams another way. Spenser's State of Ireland. Draw them to Tyber's bank, and weep your course, To gain some acres, avarice did force;- Had not the said strata been dislocated, some of them elevated, and others depressed, there would have been no cavity or channel to give reWoodward. ception to the water of the sea. The tops of mountains and hills will be continually washed down by the rains, and the channels of rivers abraded by the streams. Bentley. 2. Any cavity drawn longwise. Complaint and hot desires, the lover's hell, And scalding tears, that wore a channel where they fell. Dryden's Fables. 3. A strait or narrow sea, between two countries: as the British Channel, between Britain and France; St. George's Channel, between Britain and Ireland. 4. A gutter or furrow of a pillar. To CHANNEL. v. a. [from the noun.] To cut any thing in channels. No more shall trenching war charnel her fields, Nor bruise her flow'rets with the armed hoots Of hostile paces. Shakspeare. The body of this column is perpetually chanWetton. nelled, like a thick plaited gown. Torrents, and loud impetuous cataracts, Roll down the lofty mountain's channel!'d sides, And to the vale convey their foaming tides. Blackmore. To CHANT. v. a. [chanter, Fr.] They chant to the sound of the viol, and invent to themselves instruments of musick. Amos. Heav'n heard his song, and hasten'd his relief; And chang'd to snowy plumes his hoary hair, And wing'd his flight to chant aloft in air. Dryd. CHANT. n. š. [from the verb.] Song; melody. A pleasant grove, With chant of tuneful birds resounding loud. Milton. CHA'NTER. n. s. [from chant.] A singer; a songster. You curious chanters of the wood, That warble forth dame Nature's lays. Wotton. Pope. CHANTICLEER. n. s. [from chanter and clair, Fr.] The name given to the cock, from the clearness and loudness of his crow. And chearful chanticleer, with his note shrill, The strain of strutting chanticleer. Shakspeare. Ben Jonson. These verses were mentioned by Chaucer in the description of the sudden stir, and panical fear, when Chanticleer the cock was carried away by Reynard the fox. Camden's Remains. Within this homestead liv'd, without a peer For crowing loud, the noble chanticleer. Dryden. CHANTRESS. n. 5. [from chant.] A wo man singer Sweet bird, that shunn'st the noise of folly, Most musical, most melancholy! The whole universe would have been a confused chaos, without beauty or order. Bentley. 2. Confusion; irregular mixture. 3. Had I followed the worst, I could not have brought church and state to such a chaos of confusions, as some have done. K. Charles. Their reason sleeps, but mimick fancy wakes, Supplies her parts, and wild ideas takes From words and things, ill sorted, and misjoin'd; The anarchy of thought, and chaos of th ཀjnd. Dryden. Any thing where the parts are s tinguished We shall have nothing but darkness and a chaos within, whatever order and light there be in things without us. Locke. Pleas d with a work, where nothing's just or Pope fit, One glaring chaos and wild heap of wit. I i2 CHAO'TICK. adj. [from chaos.] Resembling chaos; confused. When the terraqueous globe was in a chaotick state, and the earthy particles subsided, then those several beds were, in all probability, reposited in the earth. Derbam. To CHAP. v. a. [kappen, Dutch, to cut. This word seems originally the same with chop; nor were they probably distinguished at first, otherwise than by accident; but they have now a meaning something different, though referable to the same original sense.] To break into hiatus, or gapings. It weakened more and more the arch of the earth, drying it immoderately, and chapping it in 'sundry places. Burnet. Then would unbalanc'd heat licentious reign, Crack the dry hill, and chap the russet plain. Blackmore. CHAP. n. s. [from the verb.] A cleft; an aperture; an opening; a gaping; a chink. What moisture the heat of the summer sucks out of the earth, it is repaid in the rains of the next winter; and what chaps are made in it, are filled up again. Burnet's Theory. CHAP. n. s. [This is not often used, except by anatomists, in the singular.] The upper or under part of a beast's mouth. Froth fills his chaps, he sends a grunting sound, And part he churns, and part befoams the ground. Dryden. The nether chap in the male skeleton is half an inch broader than in the female. Grew's Museum. CHAPE. n. s. [chappe, Fr.] 1. The catch of any thing by which it is held in its place; as the hook of a scabbard by which it sticks in the belt; the point by which a buckle is held to the back strap. This is monsieur Parolles, that had the whole theory of the war in the knot of his scarf, and the practice in the chape of his dagger. Shaksp. 2. A brass or silver tip or case, that strengthens the end of the scabbard of a sword. Phillips' World of Words, CHAPEL. n. s. [capella, Lat.] A chapel is of two sorts, either adjoining to a church, as a parcel of the same, which men of worth build; or else separate from the mother church, where the parish is wide, and is commonly called a chapel of ease, because it is built for the ease of one or more parishioners, that dwell too far from the church, and is served by some inferiour curate, provided for at the charge of the rector, or of such as have benefit by it, as the Coavell. composition or custom is. She went in among those few trees, so closed in the tops together, as they might seem a little chapel. Sidney. Will you dispatch us here under this tree, or shall we go with you to your chapel? Shaksp. Where truth erecteth her church, he helps errour to rear up a chapel hard by.. Howel. A chapel will I build with large endowment. Dryden. A free chapel is such as is founded by the king of England. Aylife's Parergon. CHA'PELE. al. [from chape.] Wanting a chape. An old rusty sword, with a broken hilt, and chapeless, with two broken points. Shakspeare, CHAPE'LLANY. n. s. [from chapel.] A chapellany is usually said to be that which does not subsist of itself, but is built and founded within some other church, and is dependent thereon. Ayliffe's Parergan. CHA'PELRY. n. s. [from chapel.] The CHAPERON. n. s. [French] A kind of jurisdiction or bounds of a chapel. hood or cap worn by the knights of the garter in their habits. I will omit the honourable habiliments, as robes of state, parliament robes, chaperons, and caps of state. Camden, CHA'PFALN. adj. [from chap and fali.] A chapfaln beaver loosely hanging by Dryda CHA'PITER. n. s. [chapiteau, Fr.] The upper part or capital of a pillar. He overlaid their chapiters and their fillets with gold. Exod. CHA'PLAIN. 7. s. [capellanus, Latin.] 1. He that performs divine service in a chapel, and attends the king, or other person, for the instruction of him and his family, to read prayers, and preach Cowell. Wishing me to permit Chaplain, away! thy priesthood saves thy life. 2. One that officiates in domestick worship. Now chapless, and knocked about the muzzad with a sexton's spade. Shakspears Shut me nightly in a charnel-house, With reeky shanks and yellow chapless bones. Shakspart CHAPLET. 7. s. [chapelet, Fr.] 1. A garland or wreath to be worn about the head. Upon old Hyems' chin, and icy crown, I strangely long to know, Sacking All the quire was grac'd With chaplets green, upon their foreheads pla Drys The winding ivy chaplet to invade, They made an humble chaplet for the king 2. A string of beads used in the Romish church for keeping an account of the number rehearsed of pater-nosters ap! ave-marias. A different sort of cisplati is also used by the Mahometan |