CATO'PTRICAL. adj. [from catoptricks.] Relating to catoptricks, or vision by reflection. A catoptrical or dioptrical heat is superiour to any, vitrifying the hardest substances. Arbuth. CATO'PTRICKS. n. s. [xároly, a lookingglass.] That part of opticks which treats of vision by reflection. CA'TPIPE. n. s. [from cat and pipe.] The same with catcal; an instrument that makes a squeaking noise. Some songsters can no more sing in any chamber but their own, than some clerks can read in any book but their own; put them out of their road once, and they are mere catpipes and dunces. L'Estrange. CAT'S-EYE. n. s. A stone. Cat's-eye is of a glistering grey, interchanged with a straw colour. Woodroard on Fossils. CAT'S-FOOT. n. s. An herb; the same with alhoof, or ground-ivy. CAT'S-HEAD. n. s. A kind of apple. Cat's-bead, by some called the go-no-further, is a very large apple, and a good bearer. Mortim. CA'TSILVER. n. s. A kind of fossil. Catsilver is composed of plates that are generally plain and parallel, and that are flexible and elastick; and is of three sorts, the yellow or golden, the white or silvery, and the black. Woodz. CAT'S TAIL. n. 5. Swift. 1. A long round substance, that grows in winter upon nut-trees, pines, &c. 2. A kind of reed which bears a spike like the tail of a cat. Phillips. CA'TSUP. n. s. A kind of Indian pickle, imitated by pickled mushrooms. And, for our home-bred British cheer, Botargo, catsup, and cavier. CATTLE. n. s. [A word of very common use, but of doubtful or unknown etymology. It is derived by Skinner, Menage, and Spelman, from capitalia, que ad caput pertinent; personal goods: in which sense chattels is yet used in our law. Mandeville uses catele for price.] 1. Beasts of pasture, not wild nor domestick. Make poor men's cattle break their necks. Shakspeare. And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind. Genesis. Each party grows proud of that appellation, which their adversaries at first intend as a reproach of this sort were the Guelfs and GibeCAVALIER. adj. [from the substantive.] lines, Huguenots, and Cavaliers. Swift. 1. Gay; sprightly; warlike. 2. Generous; brave. The people are naturally not valiant, and not much cavalier. Now it is the nature of cowards to do hurt, where they can receive none. Suckl. 3. Disdainful; haughty. CAVALIERLY. adv. [from cavalier.] Haughtily; arrogantly; disdainfully. CAVALRY. n. 5. cavalerie, Fr.] Horse troops; bodies of men furnished with horses for war. If a state run most to gentlemen, and the husbandmen and plowmen be but as their workfolks, you may have a good cavalry, but never Bacon good stable bands of foot. Their cavalry, in the battle of Blenheim, could not sustain the shock of the British horse. Addis. To CA'VATE. v. a. [cavo, Lat.] To hol low out; to dig into a hollow. CAVAʼZION. n. s. [from cavo, Lat. In ar chitecture.] The hollowing or underdigging of the earth for cellarage; allowed to be the sixth part of the height of the whole building. Phillips. CA'UDEBECK. n. s. A sort of light hats, so called from a town in France where they were first made. Phillips. CAU'DLE. n. s. [chaudeau, Fr.] A mixture of wine and other ingredients, given to women in childbed, and sick persons. Ye shall have a hempen caudle then, and the help of a hatchet. Shakspeare. He had good broths, candle, and such like; and I believe he did drink some wine. Wiseman. To CA'UDLE. v. a. [from the noun.] To make caudle; to mix as caudle. Will the cold brook, Candied with ice, caudle thy morning toast, To cure thy o'ernight's surfeit? Shakspeare. CAVE. n. s. [cave, French; cavea, Lat.] 1. A cavern; a den; a hole entering horizontally under the ground; a habitation in the earth. The wrathful skies Gullow the very wand'rers of the dark, And make them keep their caves. Shakspeare. Bid him bring his power Before sun-rising, lest his son George fall Into the blind cave of eternal night. Shakspeare. They did square and carve, and polish their stone and marble works, even in the very cave of the quarry. Wotton. Through this a cave was dug with vast expence, The work it seem'd of some suspicious prince. Dryden. 2. A hollow; any hollow place. Not used. The object of sight doth strike upon the pupil of the eye directly; whereas the cave of the ear doth hold off the sound a little. Bacon. To CAVE. v. n. [from the noun.] To dwell in a cave. Such as we Cave here, haunt here, are outlaws. Shakspeare. CAVEAT. n. s. [caveat, Lat. let him be ware.] Intimation of caution. A caveat is an intimation given to some ordi The chiefest caveat in reformation must be to keep out the Scots. Spenser. I am in danger of commencing poet, perhaps laureat; pray desire Mr. Rowe to enter a caveat. Trumbull to Pope. CA'VERN. n. s. [caverna, Lat.] A hollow place in the ground. Where wilt thou find a,cavern dark enough From the deep ooze and gelid cavern rous'd, CA'VERNED. adj. [from cavern.] Philips. High at his head from out the cavern'd rock, In living rills, a gushing fountain broke. Pope. 2. Inhabiting a cavern. No bandit fierce, no tyrant mad with pride, No cavern'd hermit, rests self-satisfy 'd. Pope. CAVERNOUS. adj. [from cavern.] Full of caverns. No great damages are done by earthquakes, except only in those countries which are mountainous, and consequently stony and cavernous underneath. Woodward's Natural History. CAVE'SSON. n. s. [Fr. In horsemanship.] A sort of noseband, sometimes made of iron, and sometimes of leather or wood; sometimes flat, and sometimes hollow or twisted; which is put upon the nose of a horse, to forward the suppling and breaking of him. An iron cavesson saves and spares the mouths of young horses when they are broken; for, by the help of it, they are accustomed to obey the hand, and to bend the neck and shoulders, without hurting their mouths, or spoiling their bars with the bit. Farrier's Dict. CAUF. n. s. A chest with holes in the top, to keep fish alive in the water. Phillips' World of Words. CAUGHT. The part. pass. of To catch. CAVIA'RE. n. s. [the etymology uncertain, unless it come from garum, Lat. sauce, or pickle, made of fish salted.] The eggs of a sturgeon, being salted and made up into a mass, were first brought from Constantinople by the Italians, and called caviare. Grew. CAVIER. n. s. A corruption of caviare. See CATSUP. To CA'VIL. v. n. [caviller, Fr. cavillari, Lat.] To raise captious and frivolous objections. I'll give thrice so much land To any well-deserving friend; But, in the way of bargain, mark ye me, I'll cavil on the ninth part of a hair. Shakspeare. My lord, you do not well, in obstinacy To cavil in the course of this contract. Shaksp. He cavils first at the poet's insisting so much upon the effects of Achilles's rage. To CA'VIL. v. a. To receive or treat with objections. Pope. Thou didst accept them: wilt thou enjoy the good, Then cavil the conditions? Paradise Lost. CA'VIL. n. s. [from the verb.] frivolous objections. False or Wiser men consider how subject the best things have been unto cavil, when wits, possessed with disdain, have set them up as their mark to shoot at. Hooker. Several divines, in order to answer the cavils of those adversaries to truth and morality, began to find out farther explanations. Srift. CAVILLA'TION. n. s. 1. n. s. [from cavil.] The disposition to make captious objection; the practice of objecting. I might add so much concerning the large odds between the case of the eldest churches in regard of heathens, and ours in respect of the church of Rome, that very cavillation itself should be satisfied. Hooker. CA'VILLER. n. s. [cavillator, Lat] A man fond of making objections; an unfair adversary; a captious disputant. The candour which Horace shews, is that which distinguishes a critick from a caviller; ke declares, that he is not offended at little faults, which may be imputed to inadvertency. Addison. There is, I grant, room still left for a caviller to misrepresent my meaning. CA'VILLINGLY. adv. [from cavilling.] Atterbury. In a cavilling manner. CA'VILLOUS. adj. [from cavil.] Unfair in argument; full of objections. Those persons are said to be capillous and unfaithful advocates, by whose fraud and iniquity justice is destroyed. Ayliffe. CAVIN. n. s. [French. In the military art.] A natural hollow, fit to cover a body of troops, and consequently faci litate their approach to a place. Dict. CA'VITY. n. s. [cavitas, Latin.] Hollowness; hollow; hollow place. The vowels are made by a free passage of breath, vocalized through the cavity of the mouth; the said cavity being differently shaped by the postures of the throat, tongue, and lips. Helder. There is nothing to be left void in a firm building; even the cavities ought not to be filled with rubbish which is of a perishing kind. Dryden. Materials packed together with wonderful art in the several cavities of the skull. Addison. An instrument with a small cavity, like a small spoon, dipt in oil, may fetch out the stone. Arbuthnot en Diet. If the atmosphere was reduced into water, it would not make an orb above thirty-two feet deep, which would soon be swallowed up by the cavity of the sea, and the depressed parts of the earth. Bentley. CAUK. n. s. A coarse talky spar. Wooda. CA'UKY. adj. [from cauk.] A white, opaque, cauky spar, shot or pointed. Woodward on Fossils. CAUL. n. s. [of uncertain etymology.] 1. The net in which women enclose their hair; the hinder part of a woman's cap. Ne spared they to strip her naked all; Then when they had despoil'd her tire and caul, Such as she was, their eyes might her behold. Spenser. Her head with ringlets of her hair is crown'd, And in a golden caul the curls are bound. Dryd 2. Any kind of small net. An Indian mantle of feathers, and the festhers wrought into a caul of packthread. Grew. 3. The omentum; the integument in which the guts are enclosed. The caul serves for the warming the lower belly, like an apron or piece of woollen cloth. Hence a certain gladiatour, whose caul Galen cut out, was so liable to suffer cold, that he kept his belly constantly covered with wool. Ray. The beast they then divide, and disunite The ribs and limbs, observant of the rite: On these, in double cauls involv'd with art, The choicest morsels lay. Pope. CAULIFEROUS. adj. [from caulis, a stalk, and fero, to bear, Lat.] A term in botany for such plants as have a true stalk, which a great many have not. CA'ULIFLOWER. n. s. [from caulis, Lat. the stalk of a plant.] A species of cabbage. Towards the end of the month, earth up your To CAULK. See To CALK. cause. Dict. That may be miraculously effected in one, which is naturally causable in another. Brown. CA'USAL. adj. [causalis, low Latin.] Relating to causes; implying or containing causes. Every motion owning a dependence on prerequired motors, we can have no true knowledge of any, except we would distinctly pry into the whole method of causal concatenation. Glanville. Causal propositions are, where two propositions are jo ned by causal particles; as, houses were not built, that they might be destroyed; Rehoboam was unhappy, because he followed evil counsel." Watts' Logick CAUSALITY. n. s. [causalitas, low Latin.] The agency of a cause; the quality of causing. As he created all things, so is he beyond and in them all, in his very essence, as being the soul of their causalities, and the essential cause of their existences. Brown's Vulgar Errours. By an unadvised transiliency from the effect to the remotest cause, we observe not the connection, through the interposal of more immediate causalities. Glanville's Scepsis. CA'USALLY. adv. [from causal] According to the order or series of causes. Thus may it more be causally made out, what Brown. Hippocrates affirmeth. CAUSA'TION. n.-s. [from causo, low Lat.] The act or power of causing. Thus doth he sometimes delude us in the conceits of stars and meteors, besides their allowable actions; ascribing effects thereunto of indeBrown pendent causation. CA'USATIVE. adj. [a term in grammar.] Demonstratively understanding the simplicity of perfection, and the invisible condition of the first causator, it was out of the power of earth, or the areopagy of hell, to work them from it. Brown's Vul. Err. CAUSE. n. s. [eausa, Latin.] 1. That which produces or effects any thing; the efficient. VOL. I. The wise and learned, amongst the very hea theits themselves, have all acknowledged some first cause, whereupon originally the being of all things dependeth; neither have they otherwise spoken of that cause, than as an agent, which, knowing what and why it worketh, observeth, in working, a most exact order or law. Hooker. Butterflies, and other flies, revive easily when they seem dead, being brought to the sun or fire; the cause whereof is the diffusion of the vital spirit, and the dilating of it by a little heat. Bacon. Cause is a substance exerting its power into Locke. act, to make one thing begin to be. 2. The reason; motive to any thing. The rest shall bear some other fight, As cause will be obey'd. Shakspeare. So great, so constant, and so general a practice, must needs have not only a cause, but also a great, a constant, and a general cause, every way South. commensurate to such an effect. Thus, royal sir! to see you landed here, Even he, Lamenting that there had been cause of enmity, Rowe. 3. Reason of debate; subject of litigation. Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between every man and his brother, and the stranger that is with him. Deut. 4. Side; party; ground or principle of action or opposition. Ere to thy cause, and thee, my heart inclin'd, To CAUSE. v. a. [from the noun.] To Or love to party had seduc'd my mind. Tickel. effect as an agent; to produce. Never was man whose apprehensions are sober, and by a pensive inspection advised, but hath found by an irresistible necessity one everlasting being, all for ever causing, and all for ever sus taining. Raleigh. It is necessary in such a chain of causes to ascend to and terminate in some first, which should be the original of motion, and the cause of all other things; but itself be caused by none. South. She weeping ask'd, in these her blooming years, What unforeseen misfortune caus'd her care, To loath her life, and languish in despair. Dryden. Things that move so swift as not to affect the senses distinctly, and so cause not any train of ideas in the mind, are not perceived to move. Locke. CA'USELESLY. adv. [from causeless.] Without cause; without reason. Human laws are not to be broken with scandal, nor at all without reason; for he that does it causelesly, is a despiser of the law, and under-values its authority. Taylor's Holy Living. CA'USELESS. adj. [from cause.] 1. Having no cause; original in itself. Reach th' Almighty's sacred throne, And love avow'd to other lady late, knight, Hh And me and mine threats not with war but death: Thus causeless hatred endless is uneath. Fairfax. The causeless dislike, which others have conceived, is no sufficient reason for us to forbear in any place. Hooker. As women yet who apprehend Some sudden cause of causeless fear, Although that seeming cause take end, A shaking through their limbs they find. Waller. Alas! my fears are causeless and ungrounded, Fantastick dreams, and melancholy fumes. Denham. CA'USER. n. s. [from cause.] He that causes; the agent by which an effect is produced. His whole oration stood upon a short narration, what was the causer of this metamorphosis! Sidney. Is not the causer of these timeless deaths As blameful as the executioner? Shakspeare. Abstinence, the apostle determines, is of no other real value in religion, than as a ministerial causer of moral effects." Rogers. CA'USEY. Zn. s. [chaussée, Fr. This CA'USEWAY. S word, by a false notion of its etymology, has been lately written causeway.] A way raised and paved; a way raised above the rest of the ground. To Shuppim the lot came forth westward by the causey, 1 Chron. Milton. The other way Satan went down, The causeway to hell-gate. But that broad causervay will direct your way, And you may reach the town by noon of day. Dryden. Whose causervay parts the vale with shady rows; Whose seats the weary traveller repose. Pope. CAUSTICAL. adj. [navsinòs] | Epithets CA'USTICK. S of medicaments which destroy the texture of the part to which they are applied, and eat it away, or burn it into an eschar: which they do by extreme minuteness, asperity, and quantity of motion, that, like those of fire itself, destroy the texture of the solids, and change what they are applied to into a substance like burnt flesh; which, in a little time, with detergent dressing, falls quite off, and leaves a vacuity in the part. Quincy. If extirpation be safe, the best way will be by austical medicines, or escaroticks. Wiseman. I proposed eradicating by escaroticks, and began with a caustick stone. Wiseman. Air too hot, cold, and moist, abounding perhaps with caustick, astringent, and coagulating particles. Arbuthnot.. CAUSTICK. n. s. A burning application. It was a tenderness to mankind, that introduced corrosives and causticks, which are indeed but artificial fires. Temple. The piercing causticks ply their spiteful pow'r, Emeticks ranch, and keen catharticks scour. Garth. CAUTEL. n. s. [cautela, Lat.] Caution; scruple. Not used. Perhaps he loves you now; And now no soil of cautel doth besmirch The virtue of his will. Shakspeare. CAUTELOUS. adj. [cauteleux, Fr.] 1. Cautious; wary; provident. Not in use. Palladio doth. wish, like a cautelous artisan, CAUTERIZATION. n. s. [from cauterize.] The act of burning flesh with hot irons, or caustic medicaments. They require, after cauterization, no such bandage, as that thereby you need to fear interception of the spirits. Wiseman. To CAUTERIZE. v. a. [cauteriser, Fr.] To burn with the cautery. For each true word a blister, and each false Be cauterizing to the root o' th' tongue, Consuming it with speaking. Shakspeare. No marvel though cantharides have such a corrosive and cauterizing quality; for there is not one other of the insecta, but is bred of a duller matter. Bacon's Natural History. The design of the cautery is to prevent the canal from closing; but the operators confess, that, in persons cauterized, the tears trickle down ever after. Sharp's Surgery. CA'UTERY. n. s. [xaiw, uro.] Cautery is either actual or potential; the first is burning by a hot iron, and the latter with caustick medicines. The actual cautery is gener ally used to stop mortification, by burning the dead parts to the quick; or to stop the effusion of blood, by searing up the vessels. Quincy. In heat of fight it will be necessary to have your actual cautery always ready; for that will secure the bleeding arteries in a moment. Wisen. CAUTION. n. s. [caution, Fr. cautio, Lat.] 1. Prudence, as it respects danger; foresight; provident care; wariness against evil. Such conditions, and cautions of the condition, as might assure with as much assurance as worldly matters bear. Sidney ments. The Cedar, upon this new acquest, gave him part of Baccharia for caution for his disburseHeracl The parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient caution that the war should be pro secuted. Clarend He that objects any crime, ought to give cam tion, by the means of sureties, that he will persevere in the prosecution of such crimes. Ayliffe. 3. Provision or security against. In despite of all the rules and cautions of go vernment, the most dangerous and mortal of vices will come off. L'Estrange. 4. Provisionary precept. Attention to the forementioned symptoms Soutberne. Is there no security for the island of Britain? Be cautions of him; for he is sometimes an in- They know how fickle common lovers are: Their oaths and vows are cautiously believ'd; For few there are but have been once deceiv'd. Dryden. CAUTIOUSNESS. n. s. [from cautious.] Watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; provident care; prudence with respect to danger. I could not but approve their generous conKing Charles. stancy and cautiousness. We should always act with great cautiousness and circumspection, in points where it is not Addison, impossible that we may be deceived. To Caw. v. n. [taken from the sound.] To cry as the rook, raven, or crow. Russet-pated choughs, many in sort, Rising and caring at the gun's report. Shaksp. A walk of aged elms, so very high, that the rooks and crows upon the tops seem to be carAddison. ing in another region. The rook, who high amid the boughs, In early spring, his airy city builds, And ceaseless cars. Thomson's Spring. To CEASE. v. n. [cesser, Fr. cesso, Lat.] 1. To leave off; to stop; to give over; to desist: with from before a noun. The lives of all, who cease from combat, spare; My brother's be your most peculiar care. Dryd. 2. To fail; to be extinct; to pass away. The poor man shall never cease out of the Deuteronomy. land. The soul being removed, the faculties and operations of life, sense, and intellection, cease from that moles corporea, and are no longer in it. Hale's Origin of Mankind. 3. 4. To be at an end. But now the wonder ceases, since I see The ministers of Christ have ceased from their Importune him for monies; be not ceas'd Sent down the meek-eyed peace. Milton. Milton. The discord is complete, nor can they cease Dryden. Dies not alone, but, like a gulph, withdraws What's near it with it. Shakspeare. CEASELESS. adj. [from cease.] Incessant; perpetual; continual; without pause; without stop; without end. My guiltless blood must quench the ceaseless fire, On which my endless tears were bootless spent. Fairfax. All these with ceaseless praise his works behold, Like an oak Philips. CE'CITY. n. s. [cæcitas, Lat.] Blindness; privation of sight. They are not blind, nor yet distinctly see; there is in them no cecity, yet more than a cecutiency; they have sight enough to discern the light, though not perhaps to distinguish objects or colours. Brown's Vulgar Errours. CECU'TIENCY. n. s. [cæcutio, Lat.] Tendency to blindness; cloudiness of sight. There is in them no cecity, yet more than a cecutiency. Brown's Vulgar Errours. CE'DAR. n. s. [cedrus, Lat.] A tree. It is evergreen; the leaves are much narrower than those of the pine tree, and many of them produced out of one tubercle, resembling a painter's pencil; it hath male flowers, or katkins, produced at remote distances from the fruit on the same tree. The seeds are produced in large cones, squamose and turbinated. The extention of the branches very regular in cedar trees; the ends of the shoots declining, and thereby shewing their upper surface, which is constantly cloathed with green leaves, so regularly, as to appear at a distance like a green carpet, and, in waving about, make an agreeable prospect. It is surprising that this tree has not been more cultivated in England; for it would be a great nament to barren bleak mountains, even in Scotland, where few other trees would grow; it being a native of Mount Libanus, where the snow continues most part of the year. Maundrel, in his travels, says, he measured one of the largest cedars on Mount Libanus, and found it to be twelve yards six inches in circumference, and sound. At about five or six yards from the ground, it was divided into five limbs, each of which was equal to a great tree. The wood of this famous tree is accounted proof against the putrefaction of animal bodies. The saw-dust is thought to be one of the secrets used by the mountebanks, who pretend to have the embalming mystery. This wood is also said to yield an oil, which is famous for preserving books and writings; and the wood is thought by Bacon to continue above a thousand years sound. Miller, I must yield my body to the earth : Thus yields the cedar to the axe's edge, Whose arms gave shelter to the princely eagle; Under whose shade the ramping lion slept; Whose top branch overpeer'd love's spreading tree, Hh 2 |