9. According to; noting permission. It is lawful, both by the laws of nature and nations, and by the law divine, which is the perfection of the other two. Bacon's Holy War. 10. According to; noting proof. The present, or like, system of the world cannot possibly have been eternal, by the first proposition; and, without God, it could not naturally, nor fortuitously, emerge out of chaos, by the third proposition. Bentley. The faculty, or desire, being infinite, by the preceding proposition, may contain or receive both these. Cheyne. II. After; according to; noting imitation or conformity. The gospel gives us such laws, as every man, that understands himself, would chuse to live by. Tillotson. In the divisions I have made, I have endeavoured, the best I could, to govern myself by the diversity of matter. Locke. This ship, by good luck, fell into their hands at last, and served as a model to build others by. Arbuthnot. 12. From; noting ground of judgment, or comparison. Thus, by the musick, we may know, When noble wits a hunting go Through groves that on Parnassus grow. Waller. By what he has done, before the war in which he was engaged, we may expect what he will do after a peace. Dryden. The son of Hercules he justly seems, By his broad shoulders and gigantick limbs. Dryd. "Who's that stranger? By his warlike port, His fierce demeanour, and erected look, He's of no vulgar note. Judge the event By what has pass'd. Dryden. Dryden. The punishment is not to be measured by the greatness or smallness of the matter, but by the opposition it carries, and stands in, to that respect and submission that is due to the father. Locke. By your description of the town, I imagine it to lie under some great enchantment. Pope. By what I have always heard and read, I take the strength of a nation Swift. 13. It notes the sum of the difference between two things compared. Meantime she stands provided of a Laius, More young and vigorous too by twenty springs. Dryden. Her brother Rivers, Ere this, lies shorter by the head at Pomfret. Rorve. These have their course to finish round the earth By morrow ev'ning. Milton. The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad, For man: for of his state by this they knew. Milt. By that time a siege is carried on two or three days, I am altogether lost and bewildered in it. Addison. By this time, the very foundation was removed. Swift. By the beginning of the fourth century from the building of Rome, the tribunes proceeded so far, as to accuse and fine the consuls. Swift. 17. Beside; noting passage. Many beautiful places, standing along the sea shore, make the town appear longer than it is to those that sail by it. Addison. 18. Beside; near to; in presence; noting proximity of place. So thou may'st say, the king lies by a beggar, if a beggar dwell near him; or the church stands by thy tabour, if thy tabour stand by the church. Shakspeare. Here he comes himself; If he be worthy any man's good voice, That good man sit down by him. Ben Jonson. A spacious plain, whereon Were tents of various hue: by some were herds Of cattle grazing. Milton. Stay by me: thou art resolute and faithful; I have employment worthy of thy arm. Dryden. 19. Before himself, herself, or themselves,. it notes the absence of all others. Sitting in some place by himself, let him translate into English his former lesson. Ascham. Solyman resolved to assault the breach, after he had, by himself, in a melancholy mood, walked and down in his tent. Knolles. I know not whether he will annex his discourse to his appendix, or publish it by itself, or at all. Boyle. up He will imagine that the king and his ministers sat down and made them by themselves, and then sent them to their allies to sign. Swift. More pleas'd to keep it till their friends could His godhead I invoke, by him I swear. Dryd 22. It is used in forms of adjuring, or obtesting. Which, O! avert by yon etherial light, Which I have lost for this eternal night; Or, if by dearer ties you may be won, By your dead sire, and by your living son. Dryd Now by your joys on earth, your hopes in heav'n, O spare this great, this good, this aged king! Dryden. O cruel youth! 3. In presence. The same words in my lady Philoclea's mouth, as from one woman to another, so as there was no other body by, might have had a better grace. Sidney. I'll not be by the while; my liege, farewel What will become hereof, there's none can tell. Shakspeare. There while I sing, if gentle youth be by; That tunes my lute, and winds the strings so high. Waller. Pris'ners and witnesses were waiting by; These have been taught to swear, and those to die. Roscommon. You have put a principle into him, which will influence his actions when you are not by. Locke. BY AND BY. In a short time. He overtock Amphialus, who had been staid here, and by and by called him to fight with him. Sidney. The noble knight alighted by and by From lofty steed, and bad the lady stay, To see what end of fight should him befall that day. Spenser. Shaksp. In the temple, by and by, with us, These couples shall eternally be knit. O how the spring of love resembleth The uncertain glory of an April day; Which now shews all the beauty of the sun, And by and by a cloud takes all away. Shaksh Now a sensible man, by and by a fool, and presently a beast. Shakspeare's Othello. By. n. s. [from the preposition.] Something not the direct and immediate object of regard. In this instance, there is, upon the by, to be noted, the percolation of the verjuice through the wood. Bacon. This wolf was forced to make bold, ever and anon, with a sheep in private, by the by. L'Estr. Hence we may understand, to add that upon the by, that it is not necessary. Boyle. So, while my lov'd revenge is full and high, I'll give you back your kingdom by the by. Dryden. By, in composition, implies something out of the direct way, and consequently some obscurity, as a by road; something irregular, as a by-end; or something collateral, as a by-concernment; or private, as a by-law. This composition is used at pleasure, and will be understood by the examples following. BY-COFFEEHOUSE. in an obscure place. n. s. A coffeehouse I afterwards entered a by-coffeehouse, that stood at the upper end of a narrow lane, where I met with a nonjuror. Addison. BY-CONCERNMENT. n. s. An affair which is not the main business. Our plays, besides the main design, have un-der-plots, or by-concernments, or less considerable persons and intrigues, which are carried on with the motion of the main plot. Dryden. BY-DEPENDANCE. n. s. An appendage; something accidentally depending on another. These, And your three motives to the battle, with I know not how much more, should be demanded; And all the other by-dependencies, From chance to chance. Shakspeare. BY-DESIGN, n. s. An incidental purpose. And if she miss the mouse-trap lines, They'll serve for other by-designs: And make an artist understand To copy out her seal or hand; Or find void places in the paper, To steal in something to entrap her. Hudibras. BY-END. n. s. Private interest; secret advantage. All people that worship for fear, profit, or some other by-end, fall within the intendment of this fable. L'Estrange. BY-GONE. adj. [a Scotch word.] Past. Tell him, you 're sure All in Bohemia 's well: this satisfaction Shakspeare. As we have a conceit of motion coming, as well as by-gone; so have we of time, which dependeth thereupon. Grew. BY-INTEREST. n. s. Interest distinct from that of the publick. Various factions and parties, all aiming at byinterest, without any sincere regard to the public good. Atterbury. BY-LAW. n. s. By-laws are orders made in court-leets, or court-barons, by common assent, for the good of those that make them, farther than the publick law binds. Corvell. There was also a law, to restrain the by-laws and ordinances of corporations. Bacon. In the beginning of this record is inserted the law or institution; to which are added two bylaws, as a comment upon the general law. Addison. BY-MATTER. n. s. Something incidental. I knew one that, when he wrote a letter, would put that which was most material into the postscript, as if it had been a by-matter. Bacon. BY-NAME. n. s. A nickname; name of reproach, or accidental appellation. Robert, eldest son to the Conqueror, used short hose, and thereupon was by-named Courthose, and shewed first the use of them to the English. Camden. BY-PAST. adj. Past: a term of the Scotch dialect. Wars, pestilences, and diseases, have not been fewer for these three hundred years by-past, than ever they had been since we have had records. BY-PATH. n. 5. A private or obscure path. Cheyne Heav'n knows, my son, By what by-paths, and indirect crook'd ways, I got this crown. Shakspeare. BY-RESPECT. n. s. Private end or view. It may be that some, upon by-respects, find somewhat friendly usage in usance, at some of their hands. Carew. ing of this law; for to do any thing for nothing, Through slipp'ry by-roads, dark and deep, I pr'ythee, do thou stand in some by-room, When they come to allege what word and what law they meant, their common ordinary practice is to quote by-speeches, in some historical narration or other, and to use them as if they were written in most exact form of law. Hooker. BY-STANDER. n. s. A looker on; one unconcerned. She broke her feathers, and, falling to the ground, was taken up by the by-standers. L'Estr. The by-standers asked him, why he ran away, his bread being weight? BY-STREET. n. s. An obscure street. Locke. The broker here his spacious beaver wears, No by-vieres of his own shall mislead him.. He moves afterwards in by-walks, or underplots, as diversions to the main design, lest it should grow tedious; though they are still naturally joined. Dryden. The chief avenue ought to be the most ample and noble; but there should be by-walks, to retire into sometimes, for ease and refreshment. Broome. BY-WAY. n. s. A private and obscure way. A servant, or a favourite, if he be in want, and no other apparent cause of esteem, is commonly thought but a by-way to close corruption. Bacon. This is wonderfully diverting to the understanding, thus to receive a precept, as it were, through a by-way, and to apprehend an idea that draws a whole train after it. Addison. BY-WEST.adv. Westward; to the west of. Whereupon grew that by-word, used by the Irish, that they dwelt by-west the law, which dwelt beyond the river of the Barrow. Davies. BY-WORD. n. s. A saying; a proverb. Bashful Henry be depos'd; whose cowardice Hath made us by-words to our enemies. Shakspeare. I knew a wise man, that had it for a by-word, when he saw men hasten to a conclusion, Stay a little, that we may make an end the sooner. Bacon. We are become a by-word among the nations, for our ridiculous feuds and animosities. Addison. It will be his lot often to look singular, in loose and licentious times, and to become a by-word and a reproach among the men of wit and pleaAtterbury. sure. BY'ASS. n. s. See BIAS. Every inordinate lust is a false byass upon men's understandings, which naturally draws toTillotson. wards atheism. BYE, or BEE, come immediately from the C, CAB The third letter of the alphabet, 19 has two sounds; one like k, as call, clock, craft, coal, companion, cuneiform; the other as s, as Cesar, cessation, cinder. It sounds like k before a, o, u, C. CAB She often interposed her royal authority, to break the cabals which were forming against her Addison. first ministers. or a consonant; and likes before e, i, 3. Intrigue; something less than con and y. -CAB. n. s. [p] A Hebrew measure, con taing about three pints English, or the eighteenth part of the ephah. CABAʼL. n. s. [cabale, Fr. bp, tradition.] 1. The secret science of the Hebrew rabbins. 2. A body of men united in some close spiracy. When each, by curs'd cabals of women, strove To draw th' indulgent king to partial love. Dryd. To CABA'L. v. n. [cabaler, Fr.] To form close intrigues; to intrigue; to unite in small parties. His mournful friends, summon'd to take their Are throng'd about his couch, and sit in council: I must prevent, by being first in action, Dryden. CA'BALIST. n. s. [from cabal.] One skill- Swift. CABALLISTICAL. adj. [from cabal.] CABALLISTICK. Something that has an occult meaning. The letters are caballistical, and carry more in them than it is proper for the world to be acquainted with. Addison. He taught him to repeat two caballistick words, in pronouncing of which the whole secret consisted. Spectator. CABAʼLLER. N. s. [from cabal.] He that engages with others in close designs; an intriguer. Factious and rich, bold at the council board; But, cautious in the field, he shunn'd the sword; A close caballer, and tongue-valiant lord. Dryd. CABALLINE. adj. [cabalinus, Lat.] Belonging to a horse; as, caballine aloes, • or horse aloes. CABARET. n. s. [French.] A tavern. Suppose this servant, passing by some cabaret ertennis-court where his comrades were drinking or playing, should stay with them, and drink or play away his money. Bramh. against Hobbes. CABBAGE. n. s. [cabus, Fr. brassica, Lat. A plant. The leaves are large, fleshy, and of a glaucous colour; the flowers consist of four leaves, which are succeeded by long taper pods, containing several round acrid seeds. The species are, cabbage. Savoy cabbage. Broccoli. The cauliflower. The musk cabbage. Branching tree cabbage, from the sea-coast. Colervort. Perennial Alpine oleruort. Perfoliated wild cabbage, &c. Miller. Cole cabbage, and coleworts, are soft and demulcent, without any acidity; the jelly or juice of red cabbage, baked in an oven, and mixed with honey, is an excellent pectoral. Arbuthnot. To CABBAGE. v. n. To form a head; as, the plants begin to tabbage. To CABBAGE. v. a. [a cant word among tailors.] To steal in cutting clothes. Your taylor, instead of shreds, cabbages whole yards of cloth. Arbuthnot. CA'BBAGE-TREE. n. s. A species of palm tree. It is very common in the Caribbee islands, where it grows to a prodigious height. The leaves of this tree envelope each other, so that those which are inclosed, being deprived of the air, are blanched; which is the part the inhabitants cut for plaits for hats, and the young shoots are pickled but whenever this part is cut out, the trees are destroyed; nor do they rise again from the old roots; so that there are very few trees left remaining near plantations. Miller. CA'BBAGE-WORM. n. 5. An insect. CA'BIN. n. s. [cabane, Fr. chabin, Welsh, a cottage.] I. A small room. So long in secret cabin there he held Her captive to his sensual desire; Spenser. Till that with timely fruit her belly swell'd, And bore a boy unto a savage sire. 2. A small chamber in a ship. Give thanks you have lived so long, and make yourself ready, in your cabin, for the mischance of the hour, if it so happen. Shakspeare. Men may not expect the use of many cabins, and safety at once, in the sea-service. Raleigh. Some lodged were Tortosa's streets about. Fairf To CABIN. v. n. [from the noun.] To live in a cabin. I'll make you feed on berries and on roots, And feed on curds and whey, and suck the goat, And cabin in a cave. Shakspeart. To CABIN, v. a. To confine in a cabin. Fleance is 'scap'd; I had else been perfect, As broad and general as the casing air; But now I'm cabin'd, cribb'd, confin'd, bound in, To saucy doubts and fear. Shakspeare. CABINED. adj. [from cabin.] Belonging to a cabin. great use for the cabinet-makers, as well as the turners, and others. Mortimer. CA'BLE. n. s. [cabl, Welsh ; cabel, Dutch.] The great rope of a ship, to which the anchor is fastened. What though the mast be now blown overboard, The cable broke, the holding anchor lost, And half our sailors swallow'd in the flood; Yet lives our pilot still. Shakspeare. The length of the cable is the life of the ship in all extremities; and the reason is, because it makes so many bendings and waves, as the ship, riding at that length, is not able to stretch it; and nothing breaks that is not stretched. Raleigh. The cables crack; the sailors fearful cries Ascend; and sable night involves the skies. Dryden. CA'BURNS. n. s. Small ropes used in ships. Dict. CA'CAO. See CHOCOLATE. CACHE'CTICAL. adj. [from cachexy] CACHE'CTICK. S Having an ill habit of body; showing an ill habit. Young and florid blood, rather than vapid and cachectical. Arbuthnot on Air. The crude chyle swims in the blood, and appears as milk in the blood of some persons who are cachectick. Floyer. CACHE/XY. n. s. [xaxežiía.] A general word to express a great variety of symptoms: most commonly it denotes such a distemperature of the humours, as hinders nutrition, and weakens the vital and animal functions; proceeding from weakness of the fibres, and an abuse of the non-naturals, and often from severe acute distempers. Arbuthnot. CACHINNA'TION. n. s. [cachinnatio, Lat.] A loud laughter. Dict. CA'CKEREL. n. s. A fish, said to make those who eat it laxative. To CACKLE. v. n. [kaeckelen, Dutch.] 1. To make a noise as a goose. The nightingale, if she should sing by day, When every goose is cackling, would be thought No better a musician than the wren. Shaks. Or rob the Roman geese of all their glories, And save the state, by cackling to the tories. Pope. 2. Sometimes it is used for the noise of a hen. The trembling widow, and her daughters twain, This woeful cackling cry with horrour heard Of those distracted damsels in the yard. Dryden. 3. To laugh; to giggle. Nic grinned, cackled, and laughed, till he was like to kill himself, and fell a frisking and dancing about the room. Arbuthnot. 4 To talk idly; to prattle. CA'CKLE. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. The voice of a goose or fowl. The silver goose before the shining gate There flew, and by her cackle sav'd the state. Dryden. CACOCHY'MICAL. adj. [from cacochyCACOCHY'MICK. my] Having the humours corrupted. VOL. I. It will prove very advantageous, if only cacochymick, to clarify his blood with a laxative. Harvey on Consumptions. If the body be cacochymical, the tumours are apt to degenerate into very venomous and maWiseman. lignant abscesses. The ancient writers distinguished putrid fevers, by putrefaction of blood, choler, melancholy, and phlegm; and this is to be explained by an efter-. vescence happening in a particular cacochymical CACOCHYMY. n. s. [xxoyopia.] A blood. Floyer on the Humours. depravation of the humours from a sound state, to what the physicians call by a general name of a cacochymy. Epots, and discolorations of the skin, are signs of weak fibres; for the lateral vessels, which lie out of the road of circulation, let gross humours pass, which could not, if the vessels had their due degree of stricture. Arbuthnot on Aliments. Strong beer, a liquor that attributes the half of its ill qualities to the hops, consisting of an acrimonious fiery nature, sets the blood, upon the least cacochymy, into an orgasmus. Harvey. CACOPHONY. n. s. [xaxopulla.] A had sound of words. These things shall lie by, till you come to carp at them, and alter rhimes, grammar, triplets, and cacophonies of all kinds. Pope to Swift. To CACU'MINATE. v. a. [cacumino, Lat.] To make sharp or pyramidal. Dict. CADA'VEROUS. adj. [cadaver, Lat.] Having the appearance of a dead carcass; having the qualities of a dead carcass. In vain do they scruple to approach the dead, who livingly are cadaverous, for fear of any outward pollution, whose temper pollutes themBrown's Vulgar Errours. selves. The urine, long detained in the bladder, as well as glass, will grow red, foetid, cadaverous, and alkaline. The case is the same with the stagnant waters of hydropical persons. Arbuth. CA'DDIS. n. s. [This word is used in Erse for the variegated clothes of the Highlanders.] 1. A kind of tape or riband. He hath ribbons of all the colours of the rainbow; inkles, caddises, cambricks, laws; why, he sings them over as if they were gods and goddesses. Shakspeare. 2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw. He loves the mavfly, which is bred of the codworm, or caddis, and these make the trout boid and lusty. Walton's Angler. CADE. adj. [It is deduced, by Skinner, from cadeler, Fr. an old word, which signifies to breed up tenderly.] Tame; soft; delicate; as, a cade lamb, a lamb bred at home. To CADE. v. a. [from the adj.] To breed up in softness. CADF, n. s. cadus, Lat.] A barrel. We John Cade, so termed of our supposed father.Or rather of stealing a cade of her rings. Shakspeare. Soon as thy liquor from the narrow cells Philip CADE-WORM. n. s. The same with caddis. Ee |