21. Before the physician arrived, the man who had lain unconscious was restored.

22. "You have done me a real service," he said.

23. Life is what we make it.

24. The home is wherever the heart is.

25.

I gave him some bread, which he ate.

26.

She passed the cup to the stranger, who drank heartily. 27. Think that To-day shall never dawn again.

28. Whoever saw it first cried out, "I see the star."

29. It was necessary to halt that the army might obtain food.

30. They will admit that he was a great poet; but they will deny that he was a great man.

31. The imprudent man reflects on what he has said; the wise man, on what he is going to say.

32. The Greeks said grandly, in their tragic phrase,

"Let no one be called happy till his death."

33. Confidence cannot dwell where Selfishness is porter at the gate.

34. Whither thou goest I will go; and where thou lodgest I will lodge.

35. When you face a difficulty, never let it stare you out of countenance.

36. It is the hour when from the boughs

The nightingale's high note is heard.

37. Count that day lost whose low-descending sun

Views from thy hand no worthy action done.

38. The fact that we believed in him kept him faithful.

39. It is uncertain what a day may bring forth.

40. The intention of the King, that he would crush the con. spiracy in secret, was betrayed by a faithless minister.

LESSON XXVIII.

THE SENTENCE-PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS.

Every sentence, however long, logically has but two parts—a subject and a predicate.

The subject of a sentence is the part about which something is said.

The predicate of a sentence is the part that expresses what is said about the subject.

The bare or grammatical subject of a sentence is the word that denotes the person or the thing about which some assertion is made.

The bare or grammatical predicate is the predicate verb or verb-phrase that expresses what is asserted of the subject.

The bare or grammatical subject together with its modifiers is called the complete or logical subject.

The bare or grammatical predicate together with its complement and modifiers is called the complete or logical predicate.

The principal elements of a sentence are the parts that make the unqualified assertion; as,

The blue face of ocean smiled.

A small leak may sink a great ship.

Thoughtful conversation enriches the understanding.

The bare subject of a sentence may be:

1. A word; as,

God is love. None but the brave deserves the fair.

2. A phrase; as,

To love is to live. Reading good books improves the mind.

What he says is seldom to the point.

That he is wealthy seems probable.

The bare predicate of a sentence may be:

1. A single verb; as,

The thunder leaps from peak to peak.

The steamer plies between Boston and Portland.

2. A verb-phrase; as,

They might have been here.

The canary might have been singing.

THE SENTENCE-SUBORDINATE ELEMENTS.

The subordinate elements of a sentence are the modifiers of the principal elements.

The bare subject of a sentence may be modified by a word, a phrase, or a clause; as,

Studious pupils are respected.

A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

He who would have friends must be friendly.

The bare predicate of a sentence may be modified by: 1. A word, a phrase, or a clause; as,

He studies diligently. He came in the morning.
She consented after she had duly considered the matter.

2. A noun-term in the objective case; as,

Longfellow wrote Evangeline.

He likes to study. God said: "Let there be light.”

3. An adverbial objective; as,

He sat an hour by the river.

He walked a mile.

The wheat weighed a ton.

4. A phrasal infinitive; as,

She likes to sing. John wants to study grammar. 5. The infinitive in ing; as,

She enjoys singing. He likes good reading.

6. A substantive complement; as,

He seems a hero. To see is to believe.

The belief is that the soul is immortal.

NOTE." When a predicate is composed of two or more words, we call the simple verb in it the bare predicate, and this along with the rest the complete predicate.” — Whitney.

The independent elements of a sentence are the words. and phrases that are not grammatically related to the sentence with which they stand.

Elements may be independent:

1. In address; as,

John, come to me.

I think, my friend, you are wrong.

Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus.

102 LESSONS IN GRAMMAR.

O wretched man that I am!

3. In the figure called pleonasm; as,

The smith, a mighty man is he.

Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.
Harry's flesh, it fell away.

4. In absolute constructions; as,

The rain having ceased, we departed.
The teacher being ill, we had no school.

This matter at an end, we will proceed.

5. Words and phrases merely introductory; as,

Why, that cannot be.

By the way, I saw your friend to-day.

To be sure, the mistake was natural enough.

6.

Parenthetical expressions; as,

Let us, therefore, give warning.

You know, come what may, I am your friend.

Religion-who can doubt it—is the noblest of themes.

Independent expressions should be separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma; as,

Yet once more, O ye laurels.
Gad, a troop shall overcome him.
To confess the truth, I was in error.

Generally speaking, little can be done after the first month.