which prevail at Cape Horn, and which would be avoided by passing through the Straits; and considering the instances already adduced of Ταλθυ 610s and ExTwę, in which the poet, for the purpose of partial disguise, has inverted the syllables of names, I cannot help thinking that in the terms Xaμegion aλe there is, by a like inversion, a χειμεριον concealed notice of the name of Magellan itself, by which the straits are known. Being thus at length arrived at the most southern limit of this vast continent, I think that no doubt can any longer possibly exist that the ancients were thoroughly well acquaint ed with every part of America. All doubt, however, if any yet remain, shall be wholly removed by the future contents of this volume; but previously to the statement of those proofs, as I have nowmade nearly a double voyage round the world, with the Iliad in one hand, and the Odyssey in the other, it may be well to complete such voyage, and to point out where a notice is taken by Homer, of some other large portions of the terraqueous globe not yet particularly adverted to. I begin with the country of Japan, which I take to be the subject, in part at least, of Homer's Hymn to the God Pan; since all the epithets used there, concerning Pan, will be found applicable to this island, whose name so nearly resembles his: Αμφι μοι Ερμειαο φιλον γονον εννεπε, Μεσα, Pan's being the son of Mercury, alludes to the high estimation in which trade and commerce are held in Japan. The epithets αιγοποδην δίκερωτα refer to the general shape of the island, like that of a goat, its head and horns being turned to the north-east, which resemblance to a goat is often noticed by statuaries. Φιλοκροτον (ia crotte) may allude to the famous hard-wares which we call by the name of japan, the principal ingredient in the preparation of which is pitch, as further noticed by the words ανα πισση δενδρήεντα. The line Αμυδις φοιτα χοροήθεσι νυμφαις, and the 22d line of the Hymn, Ενθα και ενθα χορων τοτε ες μεσον ερπων, and the 41st. χαιρενδε νοω περιώσια δαίμων may be explained by the islands lying in the same parallels of latitude, and its being bounded by the moon-shaped sea of Corea, and the country of that name. The epithet TεTρaтwπоν, in the 36th line, may be explained by a reference to the four great promontories of the island, like so many goat's heads or faces. Pursuing my course southerly, I come to the Philippine islands, of which it is scarcely necessary to say any thing after the account given above in the second chapter, of a voyage from Europe to Pekin in China, which must necessarily have led to acquaintance with those islands. Some notice was taken of the drugs and spices produced by them, and by the Asiatic islands in general, when it was said in the first chapter, that Cairo in Egypt (Chiron, who taught Achilles the science of medicine) was the depôt of them: and when Hecuba (the Erythræan Sea) went down to her chamber, 6 Il. 287, -ες θαλαμον κατεβησατο κηώεντα, it should seem to allude to that sea's moving onward by its waves, and connecting itself with the sea around those islands, in the neighbourhood of which the air is known to be impregnated with aromatic odours (wevтα) for many leagues from land; a circumstance which is the foundation of more than one fable of antiquity. In respect to the larger islands to the southward of the Philippines; when HOαOTOS that is, China, * I have heard it affirmed by a gentleman of credit, well acquainted with the navigation of the Eastern Seas, that he had often smelt the clove-blossoms at a great distance; and that once in particular, under favorable circumstances regarding the direction of the wind and the abundance of the flowers, he distinctly smelt them at the distance of 30 leagues. under which, in point of longitude, those islands lie, and from which country they seem to have been peopled) proceeds to work upon the armour of Achilles: 18 Il. 476, Θηκεν επ' ακμοθετω μεγαν ακμονα γεντο δε χειρι Ραιστηρα κρατερον ετεροφι δε γεντο ουραγρην the poet appears to have intended, under the various utensils he mentions, to suggest the recollection of those islands, and of their position. Thus axuolεrov and axuwv seem to relate to the island of Borneo, situate just under the equator, implied in axun; wouрaypиv, forcipem, to the great island Van Diemen; the grasping part of the forceps made up of the two promontories on its south side, and the handle by the opening on the north side. The island we call New Guinea (which, or something like it, would thence appear to have been its old name) seems to be noticed in the word yεTO, twice mentioned; and the galoτnga, or Malleum, is evidently to be found in the shape as well as the name of Malay (Mal |