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to continue the conteft to the laft, in hopes of victory by our own skill, or at least of giving a ftale mate, by the negligence of our adverfary. And whoever confiders, what in chefs he often fees inftances of, that particular pieces of fuccefs are apt to produce prefumption, and its confequent inattention, by which the lofs may be recovered, will learn not to be too much difcouraged by the prefent fuccefs of his adverfary, nor to defpair of final good fortune, upon every check he receives in the pursuit of it.

That we may, therefore, be induced more frequently to choose this beneficial amusement, in preference to others, which are not attended with the fame advantages, every circumstance which may increase the pleasure of it should be regarded; and every action or word that is unfair, disrespectful, or that in any way may give uneafinefs, fhould be avoided, as contrary to the immediate intention of both the players, which is to pass the time agreeably.

Therefore, first, if it is agreed to play according to the ftrict rules; then thofe rules are to be exactly obferved by both parties, and fhould not be infifted on for one fide, while deviated from by the other-for this is not equitable.

Secondly, If it is agreed not to obferve the rules exactly, but one party demands indulgencies, he should then be as willing to allow them to the other.

Thirdly, No false move fhould ever be made to extricate yourself out of a difficulty, or to gain an advantage. There can be no pleasure in playing with a perfon once detected in fuch unfair practice.

Fourthly, If your adversary is long in playing, you ought not to hurry him, or exprefs any uneafinefs at his delay. You fhould not fing, nor whistle,

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whistle, nor look at your watch, nor take up a book to read, nor make a tapping with your feet on the floor, or with your fingers on the table, nor do any thing that may difturb his attention. For all these things difpleafe; and they do not fhew your fkill in playing, but your craftiness or your rudeness.

Fifthly, You ought not to endeavour to amufe and deceive your adverfary, by pretending to have made bad moves, and faying that you have now loft the game, in order to make him fecure and carelefs, and inattentive to your fchemes: for this is fraud and deceit, not skill in the game.

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Sixthly, You must not, when you have gained a victory, ufe any triumphing or infulting expreflion, nor how too much pleafure; but endeavour to confole your adverfary, and make him lefs diffatisfied with himfelf, by every kind of civil expreffion that may be ufed with truth, fuch as, "You underftand the game better than I, but you are a little inattentive;” or, “you play too faft;" or, "you had the beft of the game, but fomething happened to divert your thoughts, and that turned it in my favour." Seventhly, If you are a fpectator while others play, obferve the most perfect filence. For if you give advice, you offend both parties; him againit whom you give it, because it may caufe the lofs of his game; him in whofe favour you give it, becaufe, though it be good, and he follows it, he lofes the pleasure he might have had, if you had permitted him to think until it had occurred to himfelf. Even after a move, or moves, you must not, by replacing the pieces, fhow how it might have been placed better: for that difpleafes, and may occafion disputes and doubts about their true fituation. All talking to the players leffens or diverts their attention, and

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is therefore unpleafing. Nor fhould you give the least hint to either party, by any kind of noise or motion. If you do, you are unworthy to be a spectator. If you have a mind to exercife or fhew your judgment, do it in playing your own game, when you have an opportunity, not in criticifing, or meddling with, or counselling the play of others.

Laftly, If the game is not to be played rigoroufly, according to the rules above mentioned, then moderate your defire of victory over your adverfary, and be pleased with one over yourfelf. Snatch not eagerly at every advantage offered by his unfkilfulnefs or inattention; but point out to him kindly, that by fuch a move he places or leaves a piece in danger and unfupported; that by another he will put his king in a perilous fituation, &c. By this generous civility (fo oppofite to the unfairnefs above forbidden) you may, indeed, happen to lose the gamë to your opponent, but you will win what is better, his efteem, his respect, and his affection ; · together with the filent approbation and goodwill of impartial fpectators.

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ART OF PROCURING PLEASANT DREAMS.

INSCRIBED TO MISS

BEING WRITTEN AT HER REQUEST.

As a great part of our life is spent in fleep, during which we have fometimes pleafing, and fometimes painful dreams, it becomes of fome confequence to obtain the one kind, and avoid the other; for, whether real or imaginary, pain is pain, and pleasure is pleasure. If we can fleep without dreaming, it is well that painful dreams are avoided. If, while we fleep, we can have any pleasing dreams, it is, as the French fay, tant gagné, fo much added to the pleasure of life.

To this end it is, in the firft place, neceffary to be careful in preferving health, by due exercife, and great temperance; for, in fickness, the imagination is difturbed; and disagreeable, fometimes terrible, ideas are apt to prefent themselves. Exercise fhould precede meals, not immediately follow them the firft promotes, the latter, unlefs moderate, obftructs digeftion. If, after exercife, we feed fparingly, the digeftion will be eafy and good, the body lightfome, the temper cheerful, and all the animal functions performed agreeably. Sleep, when it follows, will be natural and undisturbed. While indolence, with full feeding, occafion night-mares and horrors inexpreffible: we fall from precipices, are affaulted by wild beafts, murderers, and demons, and expe

ience every variety of diftrefs. Obferve, however, that the quantities of food and exercise are relative things those who move much may, and indeed ought, to eat more; thofe who use little exercise, fhould eat little. In general, mankind, fince the improvement of cookery, eat about twice as much as nature requires. Suppers are not bad, if we have not dined; but restless nights naturally follow hearty fuppers, after full dinners. Indeed, as there is a difference in conftitutions, fome reft well after thefe meals; it cofts them only a frightful dream, and an apoplexy, after which they fleep till doomfday. Nothing is more common in the newfpapers, than inftances of people, who, after eating a hearty fupper, are found dead a-bed in the morning.

Another means of preferving health, to be attended to, is the having a conftant fupply of fre air in your bed-chamber. It has been a great miftake, the fleeping in rooms exactly clofed, and in beds furrounded by curtains. No outward air, that may come in to you, is fo unwholfome as the unchanged air, often breathed, of a clofe chamber. As boiling water does not grow hotter by longer boiling, if the particles that receive greater heat can efcape; fo living bodies do not putrify, if the particles, as faft as they become putrid, can be thrown off. Nature expels them by the pores of the skin and lungs, and in a free open air, they are carried off; but, in a clofe room, we receive them again, though they become more and more corrupt. A number of perfons crowded into a small room, thus fpoil the air in a few minutes, and even render, it mortal, as in the Black Hole at Calcutta. A fingle perfon is faid to fpoil only a gallon of air per minute, and therefore requires a longer time to spoil a chamberful; but it is done, however, in proportion,

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