First Division.

Snowy sheldrakes. Tadornæ niveæ.
1. Northern sheldrake. T. nivea, Brehm.
Second Division.

Variegated sheldrakes. Tadornæ variæ.
1. Egyptian sheldrake. T. egyptica, Boje.
Third Division.

Maritime sheldrakes.

1. Gibbous sheldrake.

Tadornæ maritimæ.

T. gibbera, Brehm.

2. Littoral sheldrake. T. littoralis, Brehm.
3. Sea sheldrake. T. maritima, Brehm.

Duck. Anas, Linnæus, Brisson, Leach, Boje, Brehm.

1. Small billed pintail duck. A. acuta, Linnæus. 2. Broad billed pintail duck. A. longicauda Brehm. 3. American pintail duck. A. caudata, Brehm. Third Division.

Gadwalls. Anates streperae.

1. Great billed gadwall. A. strepera, Linnæus. 2. Small billed gadwall. A. cinerea, Gmelin. Fourth Division.

Wigeons, or whistling ducks. Anates fistulantes. 1. Great billed wigeon. A. kagolka, Gmelin. 2. Small billed wigeon. A. fistularis, Gesner. 3. Short billed wigeon. A. penelope, Linnæus.

GENUS VI.

Shoveller, or shoveller duck. Clypeata, Boje, Brehm. 1. Long billed shoveller. Cl. macrorhynchos, Brehm. 2. Broad billed shoveller. Cl. platyrhynchos, Brehm.

3. Pomarine shoveller. Cl. pomarina, Brehm.
4. Short billed shoveller. Cl. brachyrhynchos, Brehm.

GENUS VII.

Garganey, or garganey duck. Querquedula, Boje.

First Division.

Garganeys, properly so called.

Querquedulæ, proprie sic dictæ.

1. Great garganey. Qu. circia, Brehm.

2. Blue winged garganey.
3. Small garganey. Qu. scapularis, Brehm.

Qu. glaucopteros, Brehm.

First Subdivision. European T. garganeys. 1. Small billed teal garganey. Qu. crecca, Boje. 2. Middle teal garganey. Qu. subcrecca, Brehm. 3. Short billed teal garganey. Qu. creccoides, Brehm. Second Subdivision. American teal garganeys.

1. North American. Qu. americana, Brehm. 2. Greenland teal garganey. Qu. grænlandica, Brehm.

GENUS VIII.

Eider duck. Somateria, Leach.

First Division.

True eider ducks. Somateriæ, proprie sic dictæ. (Anas mollissima, Linnæus.

1. Danish eider duck. S. Danica, Brehm.

2. Norwegian eider duck. S. Norwegica, Brehm.
3. Broad tailed eider duck. S. platyuros, Brehm.
4. Farö eider duck. S. Faroensis, Brehm.

5. Large tailed eider duck.
6. Icelandic eider duck.
7. Northern eider duck.
8. Leisler's eider duck.

S. megauros, Brehm.
S. Icelandica, Brehm.
S. borealis, Brehm.
S. Leisleri, Brehm.

9. Flat fronted eider duck. S. planifrons, Brehm.

GENUS IX.

Scoter, or black duck. Melanitta, Boje.

First Division.

True scoter ducks. 1. Black footed scoter duck. 2. Large tailed scoter duck. 3. Broad gibbous scoter duck. 4. Small tailed scoter duck.

Melanittæ nigræ.
Mel. nigripes, Brehm.
Mel. megauros, Brehm.
Mel. gibbera, Brehm.
Mel. nigra, Boje.

Second Division.

Velvet scoter ducks. Melanittæ fuscæ.

1. Hornschuch's velvet scoter duck.

Mel. hornschuchii, Brehm.

2. True velvet scoter duck. Mel. fusca, Boje.

3. Large footed velvet scoter duck. Mel. megapus, Brehm. 4. Broad billed velvet scoter duck. M. platyrhynchos.

1. White headed moor duck. A. leucocephala, Brehm.
Second Division.

Scaup, or hill-moor ducks. Aythyæ montanæ.

1. Icelandic scaup duck. A. Icelandica.
2. Curved billed scaup duck. A. marila, Lin.
3. White backed scaup duck. A. leuconotos, Brehm.
Third Division.

Tufted moor ducks Aythya cristata.
1. Broad billed tufted duck. A. fuligula, Boje.
2. Small billed tufted duck. A. cristata, Brehm.
Fourth Division.

White eyed moor ducks. Aythya iridibus albis. 1. Eastern white eyed moor duck. A. leucophthalmos, Brehm. 2. Northern white eyed moor duck. A. nyroca, Boje.

Fifth Division.

Pochard ducks. Aythya sapidissimæ, (Anas ferina, Lin.) 1. Red headed pochard. A. erythrocephala, Brehm. 2. Reddish brown headed pochard. A. ferina, Boje.

GENUS XI.

Buffel duck. Callichen, Brehm.

1. Red headed buffel duck.

2. Yellow headed buffel duck.
3. Small tailed buffel duck.
4. Small footed buffel duck.

C. ruficeps, Brehm.

C. rufinus, Brehm.
C. sub-rufinus, Brehm.
C. micropus, Brehm.
GENUS XII.

Garrot. Clangula, Boje.

First Division.

True garrots. Clangulæ veræ.

1. Icelandic garrot. Cl. scapularis, Brehm.

2. Peregrine garrot. Cl. peregrina, Brehm.
3. Short billed garrot. Cl. glaucion, Brehm.
4. Small billed garrot, Cl. angustirostris, Brehm.
Second Division.

Glacial garrots.

Cl.

1. Icelandic glacial garrot.
2. Faber's gl. garrot.
3. Large tailed gl. garrot.
4. Short tailed gl. garrot.
5. Broad billed gl. garrot.
6. Short billed gl. garrot.

Clangulæ glaciales.

Cl. hiemalis.
Faberi, Brehm.
Cl. megauros, Brehm.
Cl. musica, Brehm.
Cl. glacialis, Brehm.
Cl. brachyrhynchos, Brehm.

GENUS XIII.

Goosander. Mergus.

First Division.

White goosanders, or smews. 1. Large white smew.

Mergi albelli, (Mergus albellus, Lin.)
M. albellus, Lin.

2. Small white smew. M. minutus, Lin. and Brehm.

Second Division.

Goosanders. Mergi merganseres, (Mergus merganser, Lin.) 1. Icelandic goosander. M. merganser, Lin.

2. Northeastern goosander. M. castor, Lin. and Brehm.

Third Division.

Mergansers. Mergi longirostres, (Mergus serrator, Lin.) 1. High crowned long billed merganser. M. serrator, Lin. 2. Flat crowned long billed merganser. M. leucomelas, Lin. end

Brehm.

LARUS, GULL.

46. LARUS BRACHYRHYNCHUS, RICHARDSON.

SHORT-BILLED MEW GULL.

GENUS, Larus, Linn. —CH. SP. Larus brachyrhynchus, rostro abbreviato crassiusculo, tarso vix bi-unciali, remigibus apice concoloribus; spatio albo duorum exteriorum abbreviato: rachidibus nigrescentibus. -SP. CH. Short-billed Mew Gull, with a short, thickish bill; a tarsus scarcely two inches long; quills, not tipped with white; a short white space on the two exterior ones, and blackish shafts.

"OUR specimen of this gull is a female, killed on the 23d of May, 1826, at Great Bear Lake. Some brown

markings on the tertiaries, primary coverts, and bastard wing, with an imperfect sub-terminal bar on the tail, point it out as a young bird, most probably commencing its second spring. The rest of its plumage corresponds with that of L. zonorhynchus, except that it wants the extreme white tips of the quill feathers, which, on the third and following ones, are very conspicuous in L zonorhynchus. It differs, however, remarkably in its bill being shorter, though considerably stouter than that of our L. canus; and, like it, it is wax yellow, with a bright yellow rictus and point. Its tarsus is nearly one third shorter than that of L. zonorhynchus. Many may be disposed to consider this as merely a local variety of L. canus; and it might be urged, in support of this opinion, that there are considerable differences in the length and thickness of the bills of individuals of the common and winter gulls killed on the English coasts, which are all usually referred to L. canus. We have judged it advisable, however, to call the attention of ornithologists to these American birds, by giving them specific names, leaving it to future observation to determine whether they ought to retain the rank of species, or be considered as mere varieties." -Richardson,

47. LARUS FRANKLINII, Nobis. — - FRANKLIN'S ROSEY GULL. GENUS, Larus, Linn. - Larus atricilla, (laughing gull.) SAB. Frankl. Journ. p. 695;* detailed description. CH. SP. Larus Franklinii, rostro pedibusque miniatis, dorso alisque perlaceo-cinereis, remigibus quinque exterioribus nigro latè fasciatis remige priori apice unciali albo, tarso viginti lineas longo; cucullo æstate nigro.-SP. CH. American laughing gull, with vermilion bill and feet; mantle, pearl gray; five exterior quills, broadly barred with black, the first one tipped with white for an inch; tarsus, twenty lines long; hood, black

:

in summer.

"THIS is a very common gull in the interior of the fur countries, where it frequents the shores of the

* Mr Sabine observes, that this is the L, atricilla of Linnæus, but not of Temminck. - R.

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