from State, and by rendering the Government above and indifferent to the disputes and authorities of churches. That may be so, if the State retain the power of education, of regulating the laws of marriage and bequests, of monastic establishments, and of the temporal authority of vicars apostolic. But in this case the State, however separated from the Church, would have to exercise a stern resistance to the pretensions of a political Church, such as Dr. Wiseman, with one foot on the Vatican, with French and Austrian influence dominating there, and with another foot in Westminster, would exercise. Voluntaryism itself would not free the State from the duty of that kind of resistance which we think imperative.

We shall not follow Cardinal Wiseman into his disvowal of the Queen's supremacy, or into his pleading that by the establishment of a hierarchy, with himself at its head, by virtue of the Pope's Bull only, he has not broken any statute. This will be for the law authorities to decide. He asserts that all this was done by the desire and petition of the Roman Catholic prelates and clergy. We believe this to be the very reverse of the truth. The Roman Catholic prelates and clergy in England desired no such thing. They desired local freedom and a national Church, having for its spiritual summit the authority of the Roman Pontiff, but not subjected to the absolute control of a self-appointed Roman agent. The Roman Catholic clergy in England are as much in Cardinal Wiseman's power, as ever Hungary was in that of Haynau. They of course say nothing. But the régime that has been established is as galling to them as insulting to Englishmen.

The differences, however, between Dr. Wiseman and his clergy, Dr. Wiseman and our law authorities, are not matters for us to decide. It is for the Attorney-General to give an opinion as to whether he has committed the breach of a statute; what we complain of is, that he has broken that tacit and long subsisting pact between the great Liberal party in England and the Roman Catholics throughout the empire. We thought them, and still hope to find them, Englishmen. But he would make them Romans, or Austrians, or the intellectual serfs of any empire or ambitious power that may happen to dominate in Central Italy. It seemed wise and just to our Ministers to abet and recommend the introduction of constitutional government into the States of Italy, as the best way of reconciling the interests of the Sovereign with the spirit of the people. Not the Pope, indeed, but the Austrian and Neapolitan Cardinals, into whose hands he has fallen, have thought proper to take umbrage at our liberal advice. And they have entered in consequence into a system of petty and personal rivalry and retaliation, as despicable as it is unjust, impolitic, and illiberal. As this absolutist party in Rome employed Archbishop Franzoni to disturb Piedmont and create embarrassment to all Liberal Governments, so it has sent Cardinal Wiseman hither on the same errand. And we forthwith find him at loggerheads and personalities with our Ministers, just as Franzoni was with Azeglio. Not all the sophistry of Cardinal Wiseman can conceal these political moves, which we shall not cease to resist and expose, far more as Liberals than as Protestants.

(From the "Morning Post," Nov. 21, 1850.)

The much-looked-for manifesto of Cardinal Wiseman is now before the world; and it is from this Englishmen have to learn the best that can be said in defence of the recent act of the Pope towards this country. The Cardinal must have a bad opinion of the understandings of our countrymen he supposes that he has any chance of deceiving them by an eloquent statement, which but faintly alludes to that which lies at the root of the question; which simply passes by every legal and political argument urged by the whole press of England, as "clamour," devoid of all reason; and tells us that we have been stirred up by our bigoted clergy (who yet have lost all hold on our respect) to a mere interested outcry against a harmless and oppressed race, the loyal Catholics of England and the meek martyrs of Ireland, who bear it all without as much as a complaining word.

England will yet tell Cardinal Wiseman that she knows what she is about better than he supposes. We have our own way of viewing and stating this great national question, and we shall not cast it away for the Cardinal's. We believe that this venturesome prelate is born to work out the fact that Popery of the ultramontane school is utterly incompatible with the progress of civilisation in Europe, or the existence of good civil government anywhere.

But let him state his own case. We pass over, for the present, the numerous topics demanding exposure-if he be not hardened against a mere moral infliction of that kindand we put the pith of the matter in his own few words before our readers, that they may see the paltry dilemma in which these cunning ecclesiastics, the Cardinal and his friends, imagine they have caught this great nation :

"You cannot make a law (he says) that Catholics shall only be governed by Vicars-Apostolic, which would be acknowledging directly the Pope's power in this realm (which the Protestant Bishops under oath cannot do); still less can you proceed to forbidding them to have bishops of any sort, which would put them back into a worse position than they were in

during the operation of the penal laws. Any step backward is a trenching on the complete toleration granted us."

So the conclusion which we are required to deduce from this passage is, that we have committed ourselves, by our foolish generosity, to anything which may, under the cover of "spiri tual" pretences, be attempted by the priests of Rome! With unmatched effrontery, we are told that we have admitted practically the Papal power among us, and, "for better or for worse," we now must needs have it. Our "liberal" concessions of former years are calmly quoted as tying us to results which were deemed impossible at the time, and the suspicion of which was said to be utterly unworthy. What was then proffered with English sincerity is to be now levied and demanded with more than Italian craft. The Cardinal, in plain words, puts us to this: "Roman Catholics are now absolute subjects of the Pope. We give you no option. You shall admit us as ultramontanes, or not at all; persecute us again, if you dare! but if not, the Pope shall absolutely 'govern' his dioceses and 'counties' in England and Wales, in all spiritual things,' and give no account of his matters."

་

We put it to the calm judgment of our readers, that the time is now fully come to try this question:-Whether such an amount of power as the Pope arrogates-the Pope of De Maistre, and not of Bossuet-is compatible with any government on earth? We ask whether, if England is not to be as disorganised and demoralised as all Europe, this "spiritual wickedness in high places" must not be put under a sterner restraint than statesmen have yet contemplated? A religion which binds all its subjects to obedience to one man, and that man a foreign priest; a religion which holds all its members by secret and compulsory bonds; a religion which is, in fact, a most exactly organised social system, a political combination, is something more than a religion, and must be dealt with as something more. Such is Romanism; a most formidable combination in any country, and the more formidable the more free. Such is Romanism; and it has pledged its absolute allegiance to the Pope, who will wield it at his will.

The sophistries of this Jesuitical "appeal," by which the laity of England are to be cajoled at the expense of their clergy-Anglican laymen, according to Cardinal Wiseman, being all just, and generous, and manly, and fair, and Anglican clergymen all full of avarice, uncharitableness, and venom-must be laid bare with no sparing hand. Our social system is at stake, as well as our "Constitution."

*

** It has been found impossible to get in all the Leading Articles intended; the remainder, with a variety of Letters, &c., from Bishops of the Established Church, will appear in the Seventh Series.

CONTENTS.

THE "ROMAN CATHOLIC QUESTION."

FIRST SERIES.-The Apostolic Letter of Pope Pius IX.; Cardinal Wiseman's Pastoral; the two Letters to the "Times" by Bishop Ullathorne; Lord John Russell's Letter; the "New Batch of Bishops," from the "Weekly Dispatch;" two Letters by the Rev. G. A. Denison; a Letter from Benjamin D'Israeli, Esq., M.P.; Review and Extracts from Ambrose Phillips's "Letter to the Earl of Shrewsbury;" concluded by a Biography of Cardinal Wiseman.

SECOND SERIES.-The Bishop of London's Charge, at St. Paul's Cathedral, Nov. 2, 1850; and the Rev. Dr. Cumming's Lecture, at Hanover-square Rooms, Nov. 7, 1850.

THIRD SERIES.-The Rev. T. Nolan's Lecture; Letter from B. Hawes, Esq., M.P.; the Pastoral of the Catholic Bishop of Northampton; Letter from Dr. Cumming; Letters from the Bishop of St. Asaph and Viscount Feilding; and the "Vatican Masquerade."

FOURTH SERIES-A Plain Appeal to the Common Sense of all the Men and Women of Great Britain and Ireland, by John Bull; Two Speeches of the Very Rev. the Dean of Bristol; and the "Queen and the Pope."

FIFTH SERIES.-An Appeal to the English People, by Cardinal Wiseman, Archbishop of Westminster, copiously analysed by John Bull, Editor and Commentator; and Leading Articles from the Morning Papers of November 21.

SIXTH SERIES.-The Second Lecture of the Rev. Dr. Cumming, and a Note from the Editor; the Letter of the Hon. Mr. Langdale; the Birmingham Memorial; the Letter of "Catholicus;" Cardinal Wiseman; a Roman Catholic Explanation of the Papal Aggression; and the Conversion of H. W. Wilberforce.

All at the extraordinary low price of One Penny each Series.

LONDON: PUBLISHED BY JAMES GILBERT 49, PATERNOSTER-ROW.

ROMAN CATHOLIC QUESTION.

DR. CUMMING'S CONCLUDING LECTURE,

AND A NOTE BY THE EDITOR;

LETTER OF THE HON. MR. LANGDALE;
THE BIRMINGHAM MEMORIAL:

A ROMAN CATHOLIC EXPLANATION OF THE "
AGGRESSION;"

CARDINAL WISEMAN; AND

PAPAL

CONVERSION OF MR. HENRY W. WILBERFORCE.

DR. CUMMING'S SECOND AND CONCLUDING LECTURE.

Admiral Harcourt occupied the chair, and after the Divine blessing had been asked by Dr Cumming,

The gallant CHAIRMAN rose and said, that he rejoiced at again seeing that room so crowded, for it exhibited an anxious desire on the part of English Protestants to acquire a knowledge of that system of Popery which was now threatening to envelope the land in darkness and superstition. (Cheers.) He rejoiced that their Protestant feeling had not abated, but was well kept up; and he trusted that it would continue to be kept up in a right and proper spirit, with a solemn and serious conviction of the necessity and the duty of opposing that which was evil and promoting that which was good. (Cheers.) He warned them against the craft, the deceit, and the subtlety of the Papacy; for whatever it might say, its real intent was to obtain a victory over Protestantism. (Cries of "It never shall," and cheers.) Its object ever was and ever would be "supremacy"-(hear, hear)-but that we never could and never would surrender. (Cheers.) He was happy to say he had just learned that the clergy and ministers of Hastings had begun the delivery of a series of controversial lectures against Popery. (Hear, hear.) That was the right way to begin; and he rejoiced that the movement was not isolated to one portion of the community; that it was not the clergy of the Establishment alone, but that other ministers of the Gospel had joined in the noble work. (Cheers.) They greatly stood in need of union, for union was strength; and what he wanted to see, was all their energies and activeness put forth in the great and holy cause of Protestantism. He had recently been attending several meetings at Chelsea, and he was happy to say that in every memorial there adopted, Puseyism had been denounced, as well as Popery. (Loud cheers.) And he was delighted to find that the Evangelical ministers of the Church of England were not hiding the matter secretly within their own bosoms, but were openly denouncing the Puseyite ministers of the Established Church as the most insiduous, crafty, and dangerous enemies of the truth. (Great cheering.) It was the laity of the Establishment who must be looked to for the destruction of the Puseyite heresy; and their first duty should be to memorialise their bishops to ordain none of that sect-(cheers)—to memorialise the Queen that she would endeavour, as far as lay in her power, to check the spread of this awful heresy; and especially were they called upon to carry on this work in a spirit of humility and prayer. (Cheers). The motto on their banners should be-"No peace with Rome." (Cheers.) Dr Wiseman professed that he would be very diligent amongst the poorer class of the population; but what would be said of the man who, professing to carry food to the poor, supplied them with poisoned bread to their souls' destruction? (Cheers.) Romanism was the embodyment of error and superstition. Protestanism was founded upon God's Word-the Word of truth. And

"He is the freeman whom the truth makes free,

And all are slaves beside."

Dr. CUMMING then rose to address the meeting, and his doing so was the signal for an extraordinary demonstration of feeling. The whole audience stood as one man, and cheered for several minutes, the act being accompanied by the waving of hats and handkerchiefs. When silence had been restored, Dr. Cumming proceeded to say that he was anxious to preface his remarks with one request, and it was this-that owing to the importance

Sixth Series.-Price 1d., or 7s. per 100 for distribution.]

[James Gilbert, 49, Paternoster-row;

Of whom may be had "The Roman Catholic Question," Nos. I. to V.

of the words he was about to utter, and especially as Cardinal Wiseman had not thought fit to appear, but had, within a few minutes, sent him a missive, the audience would notice well and weigh well the ipsissima verba that he should now employ. (Hear, hear.) In the Times newspaper a day or two ago, he found the report of a sermon preached on Sunday last, by Dr. Doyle, in the Roman Catholic cathedral in Southwark, and in that sermon the following words occurred:-" Amongst other things, they have spoken of an oath which they assert every cardinal, upon his appointment, takes before the Sovereign Pontiff." Now his (Dr. Cumming's) precise words upon that subject in the speech he delivered on Thursday week were these:-"Let me presume, that when the Cardinal was made an archbishop, he received the pallium, a robe woven from certain sheep, tended I believe, by certain nuns ; ceremoniously spun, ceremoniously woven, and ceremoniously put upon the archbishop. When he received the pallium, he repeated a solemn oath, which will be found in the 'Pontificale Romanum.' I have the book, and have carefully examined all that he must say. It is the edition of Clement VIII., Antwerp edition, 1627." Now Dr. Doyle said his statement was, that as a “cardinal,” every cardinal upon his appointment made a certain oath; but his (Dr. Cumming's) statement was, that every "archbishop," upon receiving the pallium, made a certain oath. A cardinal was a temporal officer, with temporal jurisdiction, who might be made Pontiff and Sovereign of the States of the Church, as well as chief bishop of the Roman Catholic communion. An archbishop was an ecclesiastical officer; and he (Dr. Cumming) stated, speaking on the documents of that Church, authorised, accredited, signed, supersigned, and of all dates, that the "archbishop," on receiving the pallium, must repeat the oath, which, as a bishop, when consecrated, he had taken before. Dr. Doyle went on to say-"I declare that the accusation is a falsehood-no such oath has been taken by his Eminence. It has been commented upon at public meetings and in the newspapers, and the public mind has been thus inflamed against the Roman Catholics. It has been even said that the Cardinal had to take that oath at the footstool of the Pontiff. Now, I declare that there is no oath of the kind taken at all." Mark what followed :-"There is an oath taken by a bishop; but there is no such oath taken by a cardinal. Let me inform you what the oath taken by a bishop is. He promises in that oath to pursue and combat error, and to uphold the sacred doctrines of the Church." Then he went on to say-" They talk of the edict of Queen Mary, and lay it at the door of the Catholic clergy. I deny that that is true, and I refer our detractors to that history which they so wilfully pervert. What is the fact with regard to this very edict of Queen Mary? And now that I may presume that many Protestants are present, let me impress upon them the justice of paying attention to what I am about to state. Now, the true version of Queen Mary's edict in connexion with the Catholic clergy is this; on the very day that that edict was sent forth, that great, and good, and fearless friar, Alphonze de Castro, when he preached before the Court, in the presence of her Majesty, denounced it," and so forth. But he would come to this by-and-bye-to return now to the oath. If they had heard that a certain individual had been made a bishop according to the rites of the Church of England, and they wished to know what those rites were-what would they do? Open a Prayer Book and read the forms and orders for the consecration of bishops and would they not say, if any one had been made a bishop contrary to, or with the omission of, what was there authoritatively enjoined, that there was wanting in that bishop's consecration something which in the view of a churchman was essential, necessary, and dutiful? (Hear.) He (Dr. Cumming) had quoted first of all the "Pontificale Romanum," published at Antwerp, and the date of which he had given. To be perfectly sure, he had brought with him now a copy of that work, with the notes of Catalano. Here was one volume out of the three. It was called the "Pontificale Romanum;" or that book according to which every bishop must be consécrated, every archbishop receive the pallium, every priest be ordained, every bishop bless, every bishop curse, every priest baptise, every officer excommunicate. It was the "Pontificale Romanum," as revised and issued upon the authority of two Popes, viz., Clement VIII. and Urban VIII., and was dated Rome, 1738. That they might be perfectly sure of the force and value of this he would read a single sentence from the bull of Clement VIII., which was prefixed to it. In that bull the following words occurred (in Latin) :-"Resolving, that we withdraw all former editions, and determine that the aforesaid Pontifical shall, in no part, be changed, that nothing shall be added to it, that nothing shall be subtracted from it; and that whosoever shall perform sacred offices are bound to observe it, and that otherwise performing them by omitting anything, or subtracting anything, have not observed the conditions or duties attached to it." He would refer now to the 236th page of Catalano's edition, in which an account was given of the Dallium, and its reception by an archbishop. There it was stated that the forma juramenti was exactly the same as at the consecration of a bishop; and turning to another page for that oath, he found that it contained a clause which was exactly as he had quoted it in his previous discourse :-" Hereticos, schismaticos, et rebelles Domino nostro, vel successoribus prædictis, PRO POSSE, PERSEQUAR ET IMPUGNABO;" which being translated, meant-" All heretics, schismatics, and rebels against our lord the Pope, or his aforesaid successors, I will persecute and attack to the utmost of my power." Anxious to ascertain if he had translated this passage aright, he opened an admirable sermon preached by a first-rate

man upon the subject-Dr. Wordsworth the Canon of Westminster, who had quoted it in the following way:-"I, Nicholas (applying it to Cardinal Wiseman), elect of the Church of Westminster, to the utmost of my power will persecute and wage war with heretics and schismatics." Now he (Dr. Cumming) had been charged with giving a mis-translation, but the Rev. Canon Wordsworth had translatea it much stronger than he had done; and he observed that his friend Mr. Burgess, the rector of Chelsea, had declared that to enable Englishmen properly to understand it, it ought to be translated, "I will persecute and pitch into." (Cheers, and roars of laughter.) Referring to the "Pontificale Romanum" again, he found it stated there that as soon as the elect archbishop had taken the oath, he received the pallium at the altar, "de alteri accipit." (A Voice.-"What do they call a pallium ?"-laughter.) It was a robe woven out of wool produced from certain sheep, which sheep belonged to the nuns of St. Agnes. (Oh, oh, and laughter.) He (Dr. Cumming) put it to the meeting, then, that according to a documen to which nothing was to be added, and from which nothing was to be subtracted, the archbishop in receiving the pallium, as he stated that he did receive it, had to make the oath, a portion of which he had read to them, and the remainder of which he would discuss by-and-bye. (Hear, hear.) But lest it should be supposed that he had quoted from an obsolete book, or that the ceremony was changed, he had been at great trouble within the last few days in hunting up Roman Catholic books upon this subject; and in fact Roman Catholic books had furnished him with most of his ammunition to-day. His search had been successful, and he had found out an edition of the same work-" The Pontificale Romanum"-in three volumes, published at Mechlin, and dated 1845. Opening this book he found, not only the horrible curse which he had read from the older edition, but that the archbishop, in receiving the pallium, was to make precisely the same oath that he had so read to them :-Hereticos, schismaticos, et rebelles Domino nostro, vel successoribus prædictis, pro posse, persequar et impugnabo." (Cheers.) And prefixed to it were the bull of Urban VIII. aud the bull of Benedict XIV., quoted by Cardinal Wiseman in his defence, and the latter of which said, "This, our pontificale, restored and reformed, we command to be observed by all the churches of the world”- omnibus, universi terrarum orbis ecclesiis." "Resolving that the aforesaid pontificale is in no part to be changed, in no part to be added to, in no part to be abstracted from." What was the inference from all this? Why, that if there were any truth in this book, if there were any authority in this Pontificale, Cardinal Wiseman did swear, "Omnes hereticos, schismaticos, et rebelles Domino nostro, vel successoribus praedictis, pro posse, persequar et impugnabo." (Cheers.) A few minutes before he (Dr. Cumming) entered that room he received a letter from St. George's, Southwark, with a cross prefixed to it, and signed "Francis Searle," which was the name of the gentleman who acted as Cardinal Wiseman's secretary. That letter inclosed another, which it stated had been forwarded to the editor of the Times on Tuesday last, but had not yet appeared in that journal. The inclosure was as follows:

"TO THE EDTIOR OF THE TIMES.

"St. George's, Southwark, Nov. 19. "Sir,-Dr. Cumming, in his letter in your paper of to-day, gives an extract from the oath taken by bishops and archbishops, copied from the 'Pontifical,' printed at Antwerp in 1627, and states, 'I presume, that Cardinal Wiseman, on receiving the pallium, took that oath.' To prevent further misunderstanding, I have the Cardinal's permission to state to you that, by a rescript of Pope Pius VII., dated April 12, 1818, the clause quoted by the rev. doctor, and so subject to misunderstanding, is omitted by all bishops and archbishops who are subject to the British Crown."

(Cheers, oh, oh, hisses, and laughter.) This showed, at all events, what was the splendour of that Crown, if it were true, and what was the pressure of the subjects of that Crown, even upon the Vatican itself-if that were true. (Cries of "hear.") The writer went on to say :"The authorised copy, now lying before me, used by our bishops, is headed

"66 FORMA JURAMENTI.

"Pro Episcopis et Vicariis Apostolicis Episcopali dignitate præditis, qui in locis Magnæ Britanniæ subjectis versantur, præscripta a SS. Pio P. VII., die 12 Aprilis, 1818.'

"In the copy of the 'Pontifical' kept at the episcopal residence in Golden Square-the copy, perhaps, generally used in consecration of bishops in England-the sentence is cancelled." What a sleepy archbishop to go and consecrate bishops, and not to know what they were doing not to know whether these things were done or not. (Cheers.) He proceeded

"Dr. Cumming is at liberty to inspect this if he will arrange with me for that purpose," and call at the episcopal residence, in Golden-square! (Loud laughter.) "I'll go there," exclaimed Dr. Cumming, with much emphasis. (Great cheering.) But, continued the rev. doctor, he had some disclosures to make with respect to Dr. Doyle's statement and De Castro's book that would horrify all England. He wanted this to be riveted upon their minds. He did not want Dr. Wiseman to escape by means of his Jesuit sophistry. (A voice, “Go with the police;"-laughter.) No, he was not afraid; he would go alone. (Loud cheers.) Did