he stops and stands motionless, advancing again when the bird's attention is turned in another direction. 5 Wishing to test this theory, I started out and tried it on the first bird seen, an American three-toed woodpecker, usually rather a shy bird. Being on snowshoes, I was somewhat handicapped by the crunching of the crusty snow, but advanced slowly when he was busily hammering at the dead pine. When he ceased, I halted instantly, and by this method worked my way to within ten feet of him, and withdrew without his taking wing. Afterward, following this method of approach, I actually caught a titmouse, as he busily pecked at a cocoon attached to leaf. The songs and calls should be carefully studied in co with a bird until all its notes are familiar to you. This is or very best means of knowing birds, as many will be heard not seen. If unable to name a bird whose plumage yo plainly seen, visit a museum and you will very likely be determine its name from the specimens found there. 7 Do not think because you live in the city that you cann birds. Mr. Parkhurst, author of that excellent book, "The Calendar," found in Central Park, New York, members o teen of the twenty-one families which inhabit the United St nearly a hundred varieties in all. In Prospect Park, Broo have seen many kinds during the spring migration, and a number rear their broods there. 8 The diagram showing the parts of a bird should be ca studied. The expression "upper parts" includes all the upp face except the wings and tail; "under parts," the unders except the wings and tail. The length of a bird is the distanc the tip of bill to end of tail when stretched to full length. English sparrow, which is six inches long, is used for the sta of measurement for the smaller birds; the robin, ten inches for the larger birds. ALBERT FIELD GILMORE: Birds through the Y into two teams to write two chapters of a bird booklet: Chapter 1. Descriptions of birds (pupils selecting as many different birds possible). Chapter 2. How to observe birds (pupils dividing the places in their local among them; as, in park, on street, in back yard, along road, et Each team will choose a captain, who will write on t board before class the titles of the compositions in his chapte Compositions will be read aloud in class, the members of t teams sitting on opposite sides of the room. 135. Active and Passive Voice. Voice is the property the transitive verb, which tells whether the subject is acti or is acted upon. Active (Subject acting). The robin ate the worm. Passive (Subject acted upon). The worm was eaten by the rob There are six tenses for each voice: Future. The robin will eat the worm. The worm will be eaten by t robin. Pres. Perf. The robin has eaten the worm. The worm has been eaten the robin. Past Perf. The robin had eaten the worm. The worm had been eaten the robin. Future The robin will have eaten the The worm will have been ea Perfect. worm. by the robin. When the active voice is changed to the passive voice, t object (“ worm ") of the active form becomes the subject of t passive, and the subject (“ robin ") of the active form is us as object of the preposition" by.” An Exercise. (1) Read the following sentences wi six different tense forms in the active voice. (2) changes will you make to express these sentences in the p voice? Write them in the passive voice. (3) Make up passive tenses. I. Insects devour our food. 2. Insects devour $1,000,000,000 worth of food a year. 4. A cherry bird eats 100 cankerworms in a day. 7. Birds also eat the seeds of weeds. 8. An owl kills 1000 mice in a year. To use a verb in all the t 136. Irregular Verb Forms. aove and passive voice, without mistakes, it is necessa kı ✓ the different forms of the verb. Count how dit.oent forms of eat are used in the following active vo The forms eat, eats, eating, ate, and eaten are necessa make the different tenses. 1. Eat is the simple form of the verb. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF VERBS 345 2. Eats is the form with the ending s. It is always present tense, third person, singular. 3. Eating is the present participle, used with the forms of the verb to be to make the progressive form (continuing action), in all the tenses, persons, and voices. 4. Ate is the past tense form. 5. Eaten is the past participle form, used with have, has, had, am, is, are, was, were, etc., to form the perfect tenses and the passive voice. The three forms that you must know for any verb, in order to conjugate it correctly, are: These three forms are called the principal parts. Remember: The present, past tense, and past participi re called the principal parts. You must know the principal parts of a verb in order it correctly. use An Exercise. Memorize the forms of the verbs in the following list: Present Past Present Perfect | Present Past Present Perfect |