P'T. IV. surviving officer of the revolution, was appointed P'D. II. major-general and commander-in-chief of the Ameri CH. II. 1812. the can army. 4. The plan of the campaign was formed at Washington. It was intended to invade Canada, at Detroit and Niagara, and that the armies from these places should be joined, on the way, by the force stationed Army of at Plattsburg, and all proceed to Montreal. The army destined for Detroit, was collected at Dayton, in Ohio, some time before the declaration of war. The forces consisted of three regiments of volunteers, commanded by Cols. M'Arthur, Cass, and Findlay, and 300 regulars under Col. Miller;-the whole under Gen. Hull, who had been, for some time, governor of the Michigan Territory. northwest. Hull at A trunk ly placed. June 30. 5. Gen. Hull, moving slowly through an uncultivated region, reached the rapids of the Maumee, and the on the first of July sent off his hospital stores, his Rapids. sick, and part of his baggage, in a vessel to go by water to Detroit. This vessel, in which was his careless trunk of private papers, containing accounts of the 'army, and plans of movement, was taken by the British. Gen. Hull arrived at Detroit on the 5th, and on the 12th invaded Canada. At Sandwich he issued a bold and imposing proclamation, inviting the Canadians to join him. The British force, which it was expected his army would attack, was at Fort Malden. He waited near it for artillery from Detroit. A detachment of the army took a bridge leading to the fort, but he would not suffer them to retain it. Van 6. As the British had the command of the waters, the road from Ohio, by which Hull expected a party Horne's under Capt. Brush to bring provisions, was infested by party de- warriors whom their shipping landed on the American feated by Tecum- side. Hull sent a detachment, under Van Horne, to sch. keep open the road. Tecumseh and his Indians lay in ambush, and killed thirty of his men, when the remainder fled to Detroit. 4. What was the plan of the campaign? Describe the army of the north-west ? 5. Describe Hull's progress from Dayton to the vicinity of Malden? 6. What happened to the first party sent by Hull to escort Capt. Brush? SURRENDER OF DETROIT. 281 P'D. II. 7. On the 17th, the important fortress of Mackinaw P'T.IV. was taken, by a party of British and Indians, the small garrison being allowed the honors of war. The vic- CH. II. torious party were now bearing down upon Hull. Nor 1812. was this all, Gen. Dearborn was drawn by the British, on pretence of treating for peace, into an armistice, in Circumwhich Hull's army was not included. This set free which the whole British army of Canada to come against him, as nothing was to be feared from any other quarter. stances alarm Hull. Magua ga. 80. 8. Gen. Hull took counsel of his fears, and against the entreaties of his officers, returned to Detroit. He Aug. 8. sent immediately Col. Miller, with 600 men, to escort Battle of Capt. Brush. In the woods of Maguaga he routed, in a severe fight, Tecumseh and his Indians: and then Am. loss returned to Detroit, Gen. Hull having learned that Capt. Brush had taken another route.... Fifty persons, mostly the garrison of Chicago, were slain by a party of savages, as they were attempting to pass from that place to Detroit. Brock proaches 9. On the 13th, Brock, the most able of the Bri- Aug. 15. tish Generals, arrived at Malden, and took com- арmand. On the 14th, he moved the British forces to Detroit. Sandwich, and the next day sent a summons to Hull to surrender; threatening him, that the Indians would be let loose upon Detroit, unless he did. On the morning of the 16th, Brock crossed to Spring Wells, and moved towards Detroit. Gen. Hull drew up his men in order of battle; then, while they were eager for the fight, ordered them to retire to the fort. The indignation of the army broke forth, and all subordination ceased. They crowded in, and without any order from the general, stacked their arms, some dashing them with violence upon the ground. Many of the soldiers wept, and even the women were angry at such apparent cowardice. 7. What circumstances alarmed Gen. Hull? 8. What retrograde movement did he make? What second party send out? What battle was fought? What happened on the 15th_of August? 9. Who took command of the British army? Describe the movements of Brock? What was done by Hull? What was the conduct of the army, when bid to retire to the fort? 282 THE GOOD SHIP CONSTITUTION. PT. IV. 10. Hull, perceiving that he had no longer any authority, and believing that the Indians were ready to upon the inhabitants, was anxious to put the place under the protection of the British. A white flag was P'D. II. fall 1812. hung out upon the walls of the fort. Two British Hull sur renders officers rode up, and a capitulation was concluded by his army. Hull with the most unbecoming haste. His officers prisoners were not consulted, and every thing was left at the Am. loss, 800. mercy of the British general. . . . Gen. Hull was soon after exchanged, and brought to trial. He was sentenced to death, for cowardice and unofficer-like conduct, but pardoned by the president, as he had, in his youth, been a brave revolutionary officer. Naval k. 65, w. 7, w. 7. CHAPTER III. Naval successes. 1. THREE days after the disgraceful surrender of Detroit occurred off the Grand Bank of NewfoundAug. 19. land, the capture of the British frigate Guerriere, under victory. the command of Capt. Dacres, by the American frigate Br. loss, Constitution, commanded by Capt. Hull. Capt. Dacres 63. Am. had challenged any American vessel of her class, and loss, k. in various ways, manifested his contempt of "the Yankees." In thirty minutes after the first broadside of the Constitution, the Guerriere had her masts and rigging shot away, and her hulk so injured, that she was in danger of sinking.... Capt. Porter, of the United States frigate Essex, captured, near the same place, the British sloop of war Alert, after an action of only eight minutes. Sept. 7. 2. On the 13th of October, the army stationed at Lewiston, under Gen. Van Rensselaer, mostly com 10. What was then done? What was the manner of the surrender? What sentence was passed against Hull? Was it executed? CHAPTER III.—1. What important naval victory happened about the time of Hull's surrender? What was the loss on both ides? What other naval victory occurred? FREEMEN'S MEETING IN CAMP. 283 town. 100. Pri posed of New York militia, made an unfortunate and P'T. IV. unsuccessful attempt to invade Canada. A part of the P'D. II. army crossed, and a battle was fought at Queenstown. Cн.III. During the battle, Gen. Brock was killed, by a party Oct. 13. headed by Capt. Wool. But Gen. Sheaffe coming up Queenswith 1,000 British and Indians, while the militia on Am. loss, the American shore refused to cross, the republican .60troops on the Canada side were obliged to surrender. soners 3. Gen. Smyth succeeded Gen. Van Rensselaer, and late in the season, made another abortive attempt to cross an army into Canada. Capt. King, with a party, had prepared the way, by gallantly storming a battery opposite Black Rock; but the army did not follow him, and he was made prisoner. 700. 1812. 4. Ohio and Kentucky, had aroused at the call of Hull for assistance; and an army, on its march for Detroit, was in the southern part of Ohio, when the news met them, of the surrender of that post. This rather Volun stimulated than repressed the ardor of the patriotic inha- teers of bitants of the west. Kentucky put on foot 7,000 volunteers, Ohio nearly half that number. Congress appointed Gen. Harrison to the command of these forces. the west. Hopkins. expedi 5. The Indians of the north-west had murdered twenty-one persons at the mouth of White river; and had committed other atrocities. For the defense of the Indiana and Illinois territories, a large number of mounted volunteers was collected, by Gov. Shelby of Kentucky. Under Gen. Hopkins, they attempted an unsucexpedition against the Kickapoo and Peoria towns; but cessful being gentlemen volunteers, and feeling on an equality with their general, they, after several days march, put it to the vote of the army, whether they would proceed further; and a majority of the troops being against it, they turned about, and, to the grief of the general, went home. This affair brought the employment and paying of volunteers into disrepute. 2. Describe the affair of Queenstown?-3. What account can you give of Gen. Smyth's attempt? 4. What troops had been raised in the west ? Who appointed to the command? 5. What had been done by the Indians? Describe the expedi tion against them, headed by Gen. Hopkins? tion the In against dian towns. 284 P'T. IV. P'D. II. crew of 100. UNFORTUNATE EFFECTS OF PARTY SPIRIT. 6. Gen. Hopkins, at the head of another party,-and after him Cols. Russel and Campbell, made successful CH. III. incursions into the Indian towns. They put the savages Oct. 18. in fear, and protected the white inhabitants. . . . Capt. Whole Jones, in the American sloop of war Wasp, captured, Frolic after a bloody engagement, a British warlike vessel, 120, loss the Frolic. Two hours after the battle, a British sevenOct. 25. ty-four took Capt. Jones and his prize... Com. Decatur, Br. loss in the frigate United States, defeated and made prize of Am. 12. the British frigate Macedonian, Capt. Carden.... The fortunate frigate Constitution, commanded by Com. Br. loss, Bainbridge, captured, off the coast of Brazil, the British w. 101. frigate Java. Besides these public successes, the American privateers took 250 British vessels, and 3,000 prisoners. 104. Dec. 29. k. 60. State of 7. The warmth of party feeling had not abated. The party enemies of the administration declared, that the illfeeling. success of the war was owing to their inefficiency; while its friends attributed the failure, to the interference of the opposite party. Both were right in a degree; as the government, unused to war, had doubtless failed of making judicious and seasonable provisions. But all its difficulties were increased, by an ungenerous, and almost treasonable opposition. 8. The most alarming opposition was not, however, that arising from mere individual clamor. The states of Massachusetts and Connecticut had refused their militia, to the call of the general government. They of state alleged that the state governments ought to determine rights. when the exigencies of the nation require the services Question of their militia. They also decided, that it was unconstitutional for the president to delegate his power to any officer, not of the militia, and who was not Mr. Ma- chosen by the respective states. It was probably dison's owing to the disapprobation, with which the great body in- of the people viewed these opinions and measures of creased. the opposition, that the result of the election of pre majority 6. What officers made successful incursions? What naval victory occurred Oct. 18th? What on the 25th of Oct. ? — 7. What was the state of party feeling?-8. What alarming symptoms of rebellion occurred in New England? What effect had the proceedings of the opposition on the election? |