140 THE TWO BROTHERS. P'T. II. P'D. IL CHAPTER VI. Extension of the French Empire.-New France. 1. PENSACOLA was settled by three hundred Spaniards from Vera Cruz. Scarcely were they established, CH. VI. When a fleet, under Le Moine d'Iberville, a Canadian Frenchman, who had been distinguished as a discoverer 1699. Pensaco and a warrior, appeared along their coast, carrying la settled. several hundred persons, mostly from Canada. 2. The company at first erected their huts on Ship Island, near the entrance of Lake Borgne. After three weeks, d'Iberville proceeded with forty men, entered Feb. 3. the mouth of the Mississippi, and sailed up the stream, d'Iber- probably to Red river. On his return, he passed through ters the the bay, which bears his name, and the lakes which he Miss. called Maurepas and Pontchartrain, to the bay of St. ville en Louis. On the small bay of Biloxi he erected a fort, and around it his few emigrants were planted. 3. Leaving them under the command of his brother, 1702. Mobile Bienville, he went to France. The climate proved founded. fatal to numbers, and in 1702, the chief fortress was transferred to the western bank of the Mobile, where was made the first European settlement in Alabama. 4. In 1716, Bienville went up the Mississippi, and 1716. built Fort Rosalie, on the site of Natchez,-the oldest Natchez European settlement of the grand valley, south of the founded. Illinois. False ideas of the wealth of Louisiana had New been spread in France, for purposes of land speculation; and in 1718, three ships came over, bearing 1718. eight hundred emigrants, who founded a city, and in Orleans honor of the regent of France, named it New Orleans. By this occupancy, as well as by discovery, France laid claim to Louisiana. founded. CHAPTER VI.-1. When was Pensacola settled? What fleet soon appeared?-2. Where did the company first stop? Where did d'iberville then go? Describe, and trace on the map, his route and return? Where were his emigrants planted? — 3. With whom did he leave the command? To what place was the settlement transferred?-4. What was done in 1716? To what cause was the settlement of New Orleans owing? On what did France found her great claims? THE SEEDS OF THE REVOLUTION. 141 5. The French built a fort at Niagara. A colony of PT. II. one hundred was led to Detroit, as early as 1701, by P'D. II. De La Motte Cadillac, and another in 1712, by Anthony Crozat, who had obtained from Louis XIV., a patent 1713. CH. VII. New for the exclusive trade of Louisiana. Since the discoveries of the Jesuits, the French had been in possession of the various western routes from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi; and Chicago, Vincennes, France. and Kaskaskia, were, at the close of this period, growing settlements. CHAPTER VII. Controversy in Massachusetts, respecting a fixed salary for the royal governor. 1. THE free institutions of the colonies, again alarmed the English government. Massachusetts was ever the least submissive to the royal will. A contro- 1702. versy between that colony and the parent state now Mass. a began, which led to the war of the revolution. The troublemain subject was a fixed salary for the royal governor, subject. which the English sovereign directed that officer to require; but which, this colony, for a series of years, resolutely refused to pay. some rass 2. Massachusetts, to defray the expenses of the war, had made such large emissions of paper money, that gold and silver were banished from the province. The Embarpaper depreciated, and the usual commercial evils en- ments. sued. The attention of the colony being directed to remedy these evils, a public bank was instituted; in Public which the faith of the government was pledged for the Bank. value of the notes. The profits accruing from the 5. What other places were founded by the French soon after? CHAPTER VII.-1. Which of the colonies was most prone to dispute the royal will? What did the English government instruct their governors to require? How did the colony meet this demand?-2. Give an account of the institution of a public bank. 142 P'D. II. ROYAL GOVERNORS TROUBLED. P'T. II. bank, were to be applied for its support. Fifty thou- Gov. ley, and by his recommendation, another emission of 1706. bills of credit was made to the amount of one hundred Shute thousand pounds. The consequence of this was, rather bad to heighten than allay the existing difficulties; as it was found, that the greater the quantity of this factitious substitute for money, the less was its value. makes worse. 4. In 1728, Mr. Burnet, who had been removed from the magistracy of New York, was appointed to that of Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He was 1728. Burnet instructed by his sovereign to insist on a fixed salary. The general court resisted, and postponed a decisive of Mass. answer. They voted Governor Burnet the unusual N. H. sum of one thousand seven hundred pounds; three made governor and the court hundred for his travelling expenses, and fourteen hundred for his salary. He accepted the appropriation for his expenses, but rejected that for his salary. 5. The people of Boston took a lively interest in the dispute, and the governor, believing that the geneRemoves ral court were thus unduly influenced, removed them from to Salem. Continuing firm to their purpose, he kept Salem. the court in session several months beyond the usual time, and refused to sign a warrant on the treasurer for the payment of the members. Boston to 6. In April, 1729, after a recess of about three months, the general court again convened at Salem, but proving refractory on the subject of the salary, 1729. the governor adjourned them, and they met at CamBurnet bridge in August. Unable to make any impression, Burnet felt so severely the difficulties of his position, that he sickened with a fever, and died on the 17th of September. dies. 7. His successor, Mr. Belcher, who arrived at Boston in August, 1730, renewed the controversy; but the 3. What was the effect of emitting so much paper money?-4. Who was made governor of Massachusetts in 1728? What was done by the governor, and the court, in reference to a fixed salary? 5. What removal did the governor make?-6. What was done respecting the salary in 1729? What effect had these troubles on the governor ? court, after two or three sessions, succeeded with him, P'T. II. (and by consent of the crown,) in a policy which they P'D. II. had vainly attempted with Burnet, that of paying him CH. VII. a liberal sum for present use, without binding themselves for the future. 1730. 1719. London 8. In 1719, more than one hundred families emigrated from the north of Ireland, and settled in the town of Londonderry, in New Hampshire. They in- derry troduced the foot spinning-wheel, the manufacture of linen, and the culture of potatoes. settled. Aurora 9. A phenomenon, singular at the time, and not yet satisfactorily explained, alarmed the people of New England in 1719. This was the Aurora Borealis, first Borealis. noticed in the country, on the night of the 17th of December. Its appearance, according to the writers of the day, was more calculated to excite terror than later appearances of the same kind. 10. In 1723, a fort was built on Connecticut river, 1923. in the present town of Brattleborough, under the di- First setrection of lieutenant governor Dummer, of Massachu- tlement setts, and hence it was called Fort Dummer. Around mont. this fort was commenced the first settlement in Ver mont. in Ver new 11. About this period, a new colony was projected in England, to settle between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers. Although within the limits of the Carolina grant, it was still unoccupied by European settlers. Plan of a The patriotic deemed it important, that this region colony. should be planted by a British colony, otherwise it might be seized by the Spaniards from Florida, or the French from the Mississippi. At the same time, a spirit of philanthrophy was abroad in England, to notice the distresses of the poor, especially those shut up in prisons, and to provide for their relief. 12. Actuated by these generous motives, a number Ogleof gentlemen in England, of whom James Oglethorpe - 9. 10. 7. How was the controversy settled? 8. What emigrants settled in New Hampshire? What did they introduce? What can you say of the Aurora Borealis of that day? When and where was the first settlement made in Vermont ? 11. What new colony was projected in England? Why did the patriotic in England favor the project? What benevolent spirit was abroad? 12. Who was to be the leader of the enterprise ? thorpe. P'T. II. was the most zealous, formed a project to settle this tract, by such of the suffering poor, as might be willing to seek, in the new world, the means of subsis P'D. IL, CH. VII. tence. 13. To this company, the territory between the Savannah and Altamaha, now, in honor of the king, 1732. denominated Georgia, was granted; and, with its setGeorgia granted. tlement, was completed, that of the thirteen veteran colonies, which fought the war of the revolution; and whose emblematic stars and stripes, still decorate the banner of American Independence. 13. What may be said of the colony which Oglethorpe and his company settled? |