120 P'T. II. P'D.I. THE GREAT PATENT OF THE SOUTH. 21. Returning to France, the government sent him to colonize the country which he had visited; but his CH. X. fleet took a wrong direction, and he was carried, with 1687. his party, to Texas, where he made the settlement of La Salle St. Louis. Attempting to go to Louisiana on foot, a is killed. discontented soldier of his party, gave him his deathshot. Texas was regarded as an appendage to Louisiana. CHAPTER X. North and South Carolina.-The Great Patent.-Mr. Locke's Constitution. 1. AFTER Charles II. was restored, the people about him, took advantage of his improvident good nature, and want of conscientious scruples. They thus gained large tracts of American territory- and, neither he who gave, nor they who received, considered, whether or not, it was his to give. In 1663, the king gave Carolina. Carolina, which more justly belonged to Spain, to 1663. Lord Clarendon the historian, Lord Ashley Cooper Patent of Earl of Shaftsbury, General Monk afterwards Duke of Albemarle, Lord Craven, the two Berkeleys, Sir John Colleton, and Sir George Carteret. 2. These noblemen next aspired to the glory of founding a sovereignty, which should, not only yield them money, but the fame of legislators; and in 1667, Charles granted them the whole of the country, from the mouth of the river St. Johns to 36° 33′ north latiThe tude; and from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. grant ex-frame a government for the future empire, they secured 1667. the services, of the well known philosopher, John tended. To Locke. In the meantime, the younger Berkeley, who was governor of Virginia, was to extend his rule over the whole territory. 21. What happened on his last return to America CHAPTER X.-1. What traits of Charles II, are here mentioned? What advantage was taken of them? What grant did he make in 1663? To whom?-2. What grant did he make in 1667? Show its extent on the map? Who was to frame a constitution for this large country? Who to be governor ? NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA. 121 Settle ment at 3. But settlers were wanted; and to procure these, p't. 11. various inducements were held out by the company. P'D. I. Two settlements had already been formed within their CH. x. precincts. One of these, near Albemarle Sound, was begun, at an early day, by enterprising planters from Virginia; and enjoying entire liberty, it had been augmented from that and other colonies, whenever religious or political oppression had scattered their people. This settlement had so increased, as to form, for con-venience, a simple democratic government. Albe marle, the nu cleus of N. C. 1663. Forms a democ racy. Settle ment at: 4. The other colony was to the south of this, on Cape Fear, or Clarendon river; and had been originally made, by a little band of adventurers from New England. They, as well as the former colony, had purchased their land of the natives; they had occupied it, and they claimed, as a law of nature, the right of Fear, of self-government. They were not, however, satisfied with the country; and most of them deserted it to find a better. Cape S. C. Sir J. 5. In the meantime, a number of planters from Barbadoes, had purchased lands of the sachems, and settled on Cape Fear river, near the neglected territory of the New Englanders. They requested of the pro- Yeamans. prietors a confirmation of the purchase, they had made 1666. of the Indians, and of the power, which they had assumed to govern themselves. As a state must have inhabitants, their request was partially granted; and one of their number, Sir John Yeamans, was appointed their governor. The settlement, in 1666, contained eight hundred persons. The con 6. Thus, the germs of liberty had, in the Carolinas, begun to vegetate strongly. And when the great aristocratical constitution, making three orders of nobility, 1693. was sent over, in 1670, the ground was already pre- stitution occupied. These dwellers in scattered log cabins in of Locke the woods, could not be noblemen, and would not be ted. serfs. Eventually, the interest of the proprietors pre 3. What settlement was formed in the northern part of the tract? Of what did it prove to be the nucleus ? 4. Describe the settlement which proved to be the nucleus of South Carolina. 5. What change of inhabitants took place? Who was their first governor ? What was their number in 1666? 6. How was it in respect to Mr. Locke's constitution? abroga 122 KING WILLIAM'S WAR. PT. II. vailed over their pride. The inhabitants took their own way in regard to government, and in 1693, the CH. XI. constitution of Locke was formally abrogated. P'D. I. Gov. 7. William Sayle, the first proprietary governor of Carolina, brought over a colony, with which he found1670. ed old Charlestown. Dying in 1671, his colony was Sayle. annexed to that of Governor Yeamans. In 1680, the city was removed to the point of land between the 1680. two rivers, which received the names of Ashley and Charles- Cooper. The foundation of the present capital of the founded. south was laid, and the name of the king perpetuated in that of Charleston. ton 8. During the year 1690, King William sent out a 1690. large body of French Protestants, who had been compropelled to leave their country, by the arbitrary measures French tante. of Louis XIV. To a part of these, lands were allotted in Virginia, on James river. Others settled in Carolina, on the banks of the Santee, and in Charleston. They introduced the culture of the vine, and were among the most useful settlers of the province. CHAPTER XI. A French and Indian War. 1. In consequence of the English Revolution, a war ensued between England and France, which affected King the American colonies of both; and is known in our annals, as "King William's war." Wil liam's war. 2. The fisheries on the Atlantic coast were regarded as of prime importance; and, on this account, Acadia 1686. was highly valued. To protect it, the two French Baron Jesuits, Vincent and Bigot, collected a village of the savage Abenakies, on the Penobscot; and the Baron de St. Castine, a bigoted French nobleman, established Castine. 7. Describe the founding of Charleston?-8.Whom did King William send over in 1690? Where did they settle? CHAPTER XI.-1. What war occurred in consequence of the English Revolution? 2. Why was Acadia valued? What was done by Frenchmen to keep it from the English? MIDNIGHT MURDERS. 123 1689 there a trading fort. In 1686, the fort, built at Pema- PT. II. quid, was taken by Castine; and thus the French P'D. I. claimed, as Acadia, all Maine, east of the Kennebec; and CH. XI. they artfully obtained great ascendancy over the natives. 1686. 3. The tribe of Pennicook, in New Hampshire, had lost several of their number, by the treachery of the whites, who had taken and sold them into slavery. At Dover, in that state, the venerable Major Waldron, a magistrate, and a trader among the Indians, hospitably admitted two squaws to sleep by his fire. At dead of Penninight, they let in a war party from without. They attack placed Major Waldron upon a long table, and then Dover. mocked him with a jeering call, to "judge Indians." Those indebted to him for goods, drew gashes on his breast, saying, "here I cross out my account." Twenty-three were killed, twenty-nine made prisoners, and the town burnt. cooks 1690. 4. Governor Frontenac, at Quebec, planned to send, through the snow, three parties. The first arrived at Schenectady, the night of the 18th of February, and, separating into small parties, they invested every house Feb. 18. at the same moment. The people slept until their Schenecdoors were broken open, and themselves dragged from tady detheir beds. Their dwellings were set on fire, and sixty stroyed. of the inhabitants butchered. Twenty-seven were carried captive, and most of the small number which escaped, lost their limbs in attempting to flee naked, through a deep snow, to Albany. 5. The second party of French and Indians, leagued for murder, were sent against the pleasant settlement at Salmon Falls, on the Piscataqua. At break of daya day which, for fifty of their number, had no morrow, Destructhe peaceful inhabitants were waked to experience the horrors of Indian warfare, aided and directed by French Falls. ingenuity. The third party from Quebec, in like manner, destroyed the settlement at Casco Bay, in Maine. 2. What fort was taken by Castine? How far did the French claim in Maine?-3. What provocation did the Pennicooks receive? What shocking cruelty did they exercise? 4. What three parties were sent out? By whom? Trace, and describe the route of the first party? Describe the massacre of Schenectady?-5. Trace and describe the route of the second party? Of the third ? tion of Salmon March 18. 124 THE UNION NOMINALLY AT AN END. P'T. II. 6. Fear and terror were on every side. The several at N. Y. 7. Great expenses were, by these means, incurred The by Massachusetts, and the general court authorized, "credit, for the first time, the emission of paper money, or notes of credit; making them, in all payments, a legal tender. system." 8. The Revolution in England produced a disagreeble change, in the affairs of Massachusetts. King William, refusing to restore its former Government, 1692. granted a new charter, which extended its limits, but charter restricted its privileges. Massachusetts now embraced, of Mass. besides her former territory, and the adjacent islands, New Plymouth, Maine, and Nova Scotia; extending north to the river St. Lawrence, and west to the South Sea, excepting New Hampshire and New York. 9. Almost the only privilege which the new charter allowed the people, was that of choosing their representatives. The king reserved to himself the right of appointing the governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary; and of repealing all laws within three Union in years after the passage. As Plymouth, the oldest, and heart. Massachusetts, the principal member of the New Eng land confederacy, were now placed under a royal governor, the union was nominally at an end. But it was already firmly cemented in the hearts and habits of the people. 6. What measures were taken in the congress of governors ? What expeditions were undertaken?-7. What means did Massachusetts take to procure money?-8. How did the English Revolution affect Massachusetts? What course did King William take? How did the new charter affect Massachusetts in regard to territory? What did that province now embrace? 9. How did the new charter affect the liberties of the people? What power had now the king of England? Why could not the confederacy remain as it had been? In what respects had the union become already cemented? |