VERBS OF IRREGULAR CONJUGATION. I. The following list contains the Stem-endings of all the simple Verbs which form their Perfect and Supine Stems otherwise than by § 30, 1-4. Those marked † have also regular forms. Forms preceded by a hyphen are found only in compounds. Compounds generally change ǎ or ĕ of the stem into L I. tcrepo, ui, it- resound. cubo, ui, it-, lie down. do, dedi, dăt-, give. domo, ui, it-, subdue. frico, cui, tct-, rub. juvo, juví, jut-, help. mico, micui, glitter. tneco, necuí, ct-, kill. plico, cui, -cit-, fold. tpɔtɔ,-pot-, drink. seco, cui, ct-, cut. sono, ui, it-, sound. sto, steti, stat-, stand. tono, ui, it-, thunder. veto, ui, it-, forbid. II. algeo, alsi, be cold. ardeo, arsi, ars-, burn. augeo, xi, ct-, increase. caveo, cavi, caut-, care. censeo, nsui, ns-, value. cieo, civi, cit-, excite. deleo, evi, et-, destroy. doceo, cuí, doct-, teach. faveo, vi, faut-, favor. ferveo, vi, bui, boil. fleo, flevi, flet-, weep. foveo, fovi, fot-, cherish. frigeo, frixi, be cold. fulgeo, fulsi, shine. hæreo, si, hæes-, stick. indulgeo, si, s-, indulge. jubeo, jussi, juss-, id. langueo, gui, faint. liqueo, liqui (cui), melt. luceo, luxi, shine. lugeo, xi, ct-, mourn. maneo, si, mans-, wait. misceo, scui, st-, (xt-) mix, mingle. mordeo, momordi, mors-, bite. moveo, vi, mot-, move. mulceo, lsi, ls-, soothe. mulgeɔ, lsi (xi), ls(let-), milk neo, nevi, net-, spin. niveo, tníxi, wink. paveo, pavi, fear. pendeo, pependi, hang. -pleo, plevi, plet-, fill. prandeo, ndi, ns-, dine. rideo, risi, ris-, laugh. sedeo, sedi, sess-, sit. sorbeo, bui (psi), suck. spondeo, spopondi, spons-, pledge. strideo, stridi, whiz. |figo, fixi, fix-, fix. persuade. shear. torqueo, rsi, rt-, twist. III. findo, fidi, fiss-, split. fingo, nxi, ct-, fashion. flecto, xi, flex-, bend. fluo, fluxi, flux-, flow. fodio, fodi, foss-, dig. frango, fregi, fract-, break. fremo, ui, it-, roar. frendo,-fres-,ss-,gnash. fugio, fugi, fugit, flee. fundo, fudi, fus-, pour. furo, furui, rage. gemo, ui, it-, groan. abdo, didi, dit-, hide. gero, gessi, gest-, bear. ago, egi, act-, drive. gigno, genui, it-, beget. alo, ui, alt-(it-), nourish. ico, ici, ict-, strike. arcesso, ivi, it-,summon.incesso, ivi, attack. bibo, bibi, bibit-, drink. cado, cecidi, cas-, fall. cædo, cecidi, cæs-, cut cano,cecini, cant-, sing. capesso, sivi, undertake. capio, cepi, capt-, take. cedo, cessi, cess-, move. -cello, -ui, -cels-, impel. -cendo, di, cens-, kindle cerno-, crevi, cret-, de cree. jacio, jeci, jact, throw. lacesso,sivi, it-, provoke. lado, læsi, læs-, hurt. lambo, bi, bit-, lick. flavo, laví, lot-, laut-, wash (reg. 1st conj). lego. gi, -xi, ct-, gather. -licio, lexi, lect-, allure. lino, vi (levi), lit-,smear. linquo, -liqui, lict-, leave. ludo, lusi, lus-, play. luo, lui, luit-, atone. mando, di, mans-,chew. mergo, si, mers-, dip. meto, messui, mess-, cingo, cinxi, nct-, gird. claudo, si, claus-, shut. colo, coluí, cult-, till. compesco, cui, restrain. consulo, lui, lt-, consult. coquo, coxi, coct-, cook. reap. [make water. credo, didi, dit-, trust. mingo, minxi, mict-, cresco, evi, et-, grow. mitto, misi, miss-, send. cudo, -di, -cus-, forge. molo, lui, lit-, grind. -cumbo, -cubui, -cu- necto,xi(ui),nex-,weave. bit-, lie down. nosco, novi, not-, learn. cupio, ivi, it-, desire. nubo, psi, pt-, marry. curro, cucurri, curs-,-nuo, nui, nuit-, nod. occulo, lui, lt-, hide. pando, di, pans-, pass-, run. -cutio, -ssi, -88-, shake. demo, mpsi, mpt-, take open pango, nxi, nct-; pegi pepigi, pact, fasten. parco, peperci, parsi; parcit-pars-, spare. pario, peperi, parit-, part-, bring forth. pasco, pavi, past-, feed. pecto, pexi, pex -(pectit-), comb. pello, pepuli, puls-, drive. [weigh pendo, pependi, pens-, pergo,perrexi,ct-,go on. peto, petivi, petit-, seek. VERBS OF IRREGULAR CONJUGATION. pingo, nxi, pict-, paint. | sido, sidi (-sedi), sess-, pinso, nsi, ns-, nst-, st-, bray, bruise. [plaud. plaudo, si, plaus-, applecto, xi, xui, x-,twine. pluo, plui, pluvi, rain. pono, posui,posit-, put. posco, poposci, demand. prehendo, di, ns-, seize. premo,pressi, ss-, press. promo, mpsí, mpt-, bring out. [prick. pungo,pupugi,punct-, quæro, sivi, sit-, seek. quatio, -cussi, quass-, shake. quiesco, evi, et-, rest. rado, rasi, ras-, scrape. rapio, pui, pt-, snatch. rodo, rosi, ros-, gnaw. rudo, rudivi, it-, bray. rumpo, rupi, pt-, burst. ruo, rui, rut-, it-, fall. sapio, ivi, ui, be wise. scabo, scabi, scratch. scando, di, ns-, climb. scindo, idí, sciss-, tear. scisco, ivi, it-, ordain. scribo, psí, pt-, write. sero, sevi, sắt", so. sero, -serui, sért-, en twine. settle. sino, sivi, sĭt-, permit. -spicio, spexi, spect-, tundo, tutŭdi, tuns-, (tus-), beat. uro, ussi, ust-, burn. vado, -vasi, -vas-, go. veho, xi, ct-, carry. vello, velli (vulsi), vuls-, pluck. vendo, didi, dit-, sell. verro, ri, vers-, sweep. verto, ti, vers-, turn. vinco, vici, vict-, con quer. viso, visi, vis-, visit. ex-vivo, vixi, vict-, live. volvo, lvi, volüt-, roll. stringo, nxi, ct-, bind. vomo, vomui, vomit-, struo, struxi, ct-, build. IV. [vomit. suesco, evi, et-, bewont. amicio, xi (cui), clothe. surgo, surrexi, ct-, rise. aperio, rui, rt-, open. tango, tetigi, tact-, farcio,rs, rt-, rct-, stuff. touch. [despise. fulcio, lsi, lt-, prop. temno, -mpsi, -mpt-, haurió, si, st-, draw. tendo, tetendi, -tendi, tens-, stretch. weave. tollo, sustuli, sublat-, DEPONENT VERBS. operio, ui, rt-, cover. raucio, si, s-, be hoarse. reperio, ri, rt, find. safio, ui, ii, salt-, leap. sancio, nxí, ct-, ratify. sarcio, sars,sart-, patch. sentio, nsi, ns-, feel. sepelio, ivi, pult-, bury. sepio, psi, pt-. hedge in. venio, veni, nt-, come. vincio, nxi, nct-, bind. verebar -erer III. Fall. veritus sum lapsus sum PLUF. conatus eram veritus eram FUT. P. conatus ero lapsus eram molitus eram veritus ero lapsus ero molitus ero paciscor, pact-, bargain. fateor, fass, acknowledge. loquor, locut-, speak. patior, pass-, suffer. reor, rat-, reckon -miniscor,ment-, think. proficíscor, fect-,set out. tueor, tuit, tut-, defend. morior, mortuus, mo- queror, quest-, complain. sequor, secut-, follow. adipiscor, ept-, obtain. nanciscor, nanct-, ulciscor, ult-, avenge, amplect, plex-, embrace. nact-, obtain. expergiscor, rect-,rouse nascor nat-, be born. fruor, fruct-, uit-, enjoy. nitor, nix-, nis-,lean on. experior, expert-, try. fungor, funct-, perform obliviscor,oblit, forget. metior, mens-, measure. gradior, gress-, step. orior, ortus-, oriturus, opperior, oppert-, irascor, irat-,grow angry. oriri, oreris, arise. ordior, ors-, begin. wait. lapsum, -su, moliturus moliendus moliendum molitum, -tu I A.U. 245 303 365 387 411-464 Samnite Wars: Conquest of Italy 343-290 280-275 264-241 219-202 643-648 War with Jugurtha (Metellus, Marius) 90-88 88-82 82-80 700-701 Parthian War: Defeat and death of Crassus 705-709 Civil War: Pompey and Cæsar 88-63 78-72 681-683 Insurrection of Spartacus: def'd. by Crassus 691 Consulship of Cicero: Catiline's Conspiracy 694 Triumvirate of Pompey, Crassus, & Cæsar 696-704 Cæsar in Gaul BATTLES. - Pharsalia, 48; Zela, 47; Thapsus, 46; Munda, 45. EMPERORS. Augustus, B.C. 30; Tiberius, A.D. 14; Caligula, 37; Claudius, 41; Nero, 54; Galba, 68; Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, 69; Titus, 79; Domitian, 81; Nerva, 96; Trajan, 98; Hadrian, 117; Antoninus Pius, 138; M. Aurelius, 161; Commodus, 180; Sept. Severus, 193-211; Alexander Severus, 222-235; Aurelian, 270-275; Diocletian, 284-305; Constantine, 306-337; Julian, 360-363; Theodosius, 377-395. Defeat of Varus by Arminius Jerusalem taken by Titus 854-859 Dacian War and Conquest M. Terentius Varro, Husbandry, Antiquitics, &c. PRINCIPAL ROMAN WRITERS. T. Maccius Plautus, Comedies Q. Ennius, Annals, Satires, &c. (Fragments) P. Terentius Afer (Terence), Comedies B.C. 254-184 239-169 234-149 220-130 195-159 170-75 148-103 116-28 106-43 ICO-44 T. Lucretius Carus, Poem "De Rerum Naturâ P. Ovidius Naso (Ovid), Metamorphoses, Fasti, &c. Sex. Aurelius Propertius, Elegies T. Livius Patavinus (Livy), Roman History A. Persius Flaccus, Satires L. Annæus Seneca, Philos. Letters, &c.; Tragedics M. Annæus Lucanus, Historical Poem "Pharsalia" Q. Curtius Rufus, History of Alexander : P. Papinius Statius, Heroic Poems, "Thebais," &c. C. Silius Italicus, Heroic Poem, "Punica M. Valerius Martialis (Martial), Epigrams C. Cornelius Tacitus, Annals, History, &c. Apuleius, Philos. Writings, “Metamorphoses " &c. † Q. Septimius Florens Tertullianus, Apologist †D. Magnus Ausonius, Miscellaneous Poems † Christian writers. 61-96 25-ICO 40-120 -120 43-104 40-118 60-118 61-115 70 110about -180 160-240 about -250 250-325 -400 -400 -410 348-410 THE ROMAN CALENDAR. Before Cæsar's reform of the calendar, B.C. 46, the Roman year consisted of 355 days:-March, May, Quintilis (July), and October having 31 days each; February, 28, and the remainder, 29; with an intercalary month, on alternate years, inserted after Feb. 23, at the discretion of the Pontifices. The Julian year remained unchanged till the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, A.D. 1582, which omitted leap-year once every century. Dates are reckoned as follows: The first day of every month was called KALENDE (Calends). The 7th day of March, May, July, October, and the 5th of the other months, was called NONÆ (Nones, or ninths), being the ninth before the Ides. The 15th day of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of the other months, was called IDUS (Ides or division), being the middle of the month. The first four months, by the Julian calendar, are as follows: The common date for the intervening days may be found-if Kalends, by adding two to the number of days in the month preceding; for Nones or Ides adding one to that of the day on which they fall, and then subtracting the given date:- thus, VII. Kal. Jan. (33-7)= Dec. 26; ;-Iv. Non. Mart. (8-4) Mar. 4; - Iv. Id. Sept. (14—4) = Sept. 10. See §§ 83; 56, 1. 4. ROMAN MONEY. 2 asses 1 sestertius or nummus (HS) value about 5 cents. 20 cents. $50.00. The sestertium (properly the gen. pl. of sestertius) was a sum of money, not a coin; it is inflected regularly as a neuter noun: thus, tria_sestertia = $150.00. When combined with a numeral adverb, hundreds are to be understood: thus decies sestertium (decies HS) = $50,000. In the statement of large sums, the noun is often omitted: thus, sexagies (Cic. Rosc. Am. 11.) signifies, sexagies [centena millia] sestertium = $300,000. |