A Biometric Study of Basal Metabolism in ManCarnegie Institution of Washington, 1919 - 266 Seiten |
Inhalt
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
24 hours adult athletes average deviation average heat-production basal metabolism basis Biometrika body body-surface area body-surface law Bois height-weight chart Bois selection calculated calories per 24 calories per kilogram calories per square cent coefficients of variation compared comparison correlation between age correlation between body-weight correlation between stature correlation between weight correlation ratios daily heat-production determined DIAGRAM Du Bois height-weight Du Bois selection Emmes equations based gaseous exchange Gephart Gephart and Du Journ kilogram of body-weight male measurements Meeh formula meter of body-surface method Miss Corson normal number of individuals Nutrition Laboratory observed Original series oxygen partial correlations physiological Prediction from body-surface probable errors production regard to sign regression equations relationship Roth Second supplementary series series of individuals series of women square meter standard deviations stature and body-weight stature and total stature and weight subjects surface three series tion total heat total heat-production variability whole series
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 200 - ... heat-production shows that fundamentally it was originally based upon Newton's law of cooling. The idea of a causal relationship between body-surface and heat-production is strongly emphasized in foreign writings and distinctly to be inferred from those of a number of American writers. The long-existing doubts as to the validity of the older methods for the measurement of body-surface have been fully substantiated by the development of the linear formula of the Du Boises, which gives measurements...
Seite 224 - These precautions and many others have been made necessary by the fact that the normal control is usually the point of attack in serological controversies. Likewise in the study of metabolism the normal control is coming to be recognized as the weakest part of the experiment. The chemical methods of blanks and duplicates will not suffice; the living organism is the uncertain factor. The literature is notoriously filled with false theories, of which by far the greater part would never have been promulgated...
Seite 133 - ... disordered metabolism, may be partly due to this stimulating effect of sodium sulphate. The influence of the size of the animal upon the respiratory exchange.1 — The smaller an animal the greater is its surface in relation to its mass, for the surface increases as the square, the mass as the cube. Now, small mammals and birds have a temperature equal to or even higher than that of large animals of the same classes ; and, on account of the relatively greater surface which they expose for the...
Seite 223 - ... of their description, but one cannot help mentioning by name the Pettenkofer-Voit chamber, the Zuntz-Geppert apparatus, the Benedict Unit,12 13 and the Paschutin calorimeter. The main object of all investigators has been to determine the heat production of the patient while at complete rest fourteen hours or more after the last meal. This is the so-called basal metabolism, and is of interest only when compared with the figures obtained on normal individuals. Since it is impossible to measure...
Seite 7 - ... the most probable metabolism of a subject whose normal basal metabolism is unknown may be easily determined. Illustrations are given of the wide usefulness of such tables in investigating the problems of the typical or atypical nature of series of metabolism measurements, the problem of the differentiation of the sexes with respect to metabolic activity, of the metabolism of athletes as compared with non-athletic individuals, and of individuals suffering from disease. (5) A biometric study of...
Seite 190 - In this formula h = total heat production per 24 hours, w = weight in kilograms, s = stature in centimeters, and a = age in years. Although in publishing this formula, it was specially emphasized that its application to the lower ages was not yet justified, owing to the fact that of the 136 subjects studied, but few were below 20 years of age, it has been of unusual interest to attempt a prediction of the heat...
Seite 193 - results as good as or better than those obtainable from the constant of basal metabolism per square meter of body surface can be obtained by biometric formulas involving no assumption concerning the derivation of surface area, but based on direct physical measurements.
Seite 10 - ... do not tell the whole truth about the distribution of values in the two lots. A measure of the " scatter " or variation in each lot is necessary. Such a measure is given by the standard deviation, determined by squaring the deviation of each observation from the mean, summing the deviations squared, dividing by the number of observations and extracting the square root of the quotient. The standard deviation is usually represented by the Greek letter sigma (a).
Seite 127 - Senescence is therefore more continuous than in the lower formsi6 and results in death, which is the final stage of progressive development. These characteristics of man and the higher animals are connected with the evolutionary increase in the physiological stability of the protoplasmic substratum and the higher degree of individuation which results from it.
Seite 105 - ... significant positive correlation between minimum or basal pulse rate and gaseous exchange and heat production. The Nutrition Laboratory has long emphasized the correlation between pulse rate and metabolism in the same individual, that is, the intra-individual correlation between the rate of the heart beat and the amount of the katabolism. Here, however, we are dealing with the problem of the relationship between the minimum or basal pulse rate of a series of individuals and their basal metabolism...
