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Who dainties love, fhall beggars prove-fools make feafts, and wife men eat them.

Buy what thou haft no need of, and e'er long thou shalt fell thy neceffaries.

At a great pennyworth paufe a while; the bargain, by streightening thee in thy circumftances, may do thee more harm than good.

Many have been ruined by buying good pennyworths-'tis foolish to lay out money in a purchase of repentance; wife men learn by others harms, but fools hardly by their

own.

Silks and fattins, fcarlets and velvets, put out the kitchen-fire.

The artificial wants of mankind are more numerous than the natural; and for one poor perfon, there are an hundred indigent.-A child and a fool imagine twenty fhillings, and twenty years, can never be spentbut always taking out of the mealtub, and never putting in, foon comes to the bottom and when the well is dry, they know the worth of water.

If you would know the value of money, go and try to borrow some; for he that goes a borrowing, goes a forrowing.

Fond pride of dress is fure a very curse, E'er fancy you confult, confult your purse. Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and a great deal more faucy.

'Tis eafier to fupprefs the first defire, than fatisfy all that follow it.

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Great eftates may venture more,

But little boats should keep near shore. Pride breakfafted with Plenty, dined with Poverty, and fupped with Infamy.

By getting in debt, you may in time lofe your veracity; for the fecond vice is lying: the first is running in debt, and lying generally rides upon debt's back.

Poverty deprives a man of all spirit and virtue.

"Tis hard for an empty bag to ftand upright.

Some when they have got their bargain, think little of payment; but creditors, poor Richard tells us, have better memories than debtors; and likewife creditors are a fuperftitious fect-great obfervers of fet days and times-and that thofe have a fhort Lent who owe money to be paid at Eafter.

For age and want, fave while you may,
No morning fun lafts a whole day.

"T iseafier to build two chimnies, than to keep one in fuel; fo rather go to bed fupperlefs, than rife in debt.

Experience keeps a dear fchool; but fools will learn in no other, and fcarce in that; for it is true, we may give advice, but we cannot give conduct however, remember, they that won't be counfelled, cannot be helped; and if you will not hear REASON, fhe will certainly one day rap your

knuckles.

of Spalding, Lincolnshire.

the velocity of the body by which the curve is defcribed, every where, as the fquares of the ordinates.

The

SUPPLEMENT

TO VOL. I. OF

The Oxford
Oxford Magazine;

Reflections on the Trial of the Rev. Mr. Samuel Johnson, in the Court of King's Bench, for a Libel, with an Anecdote of the Lord Chief Justice JEFFERIES.

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HERE is not an exclamation more frequent in the mouths of Chriftians, as well as political writers, than, that their own times are the worst that ever happened! The whole stream of history is a continued refutation of this opinion. But we read and are blind. The diftreffes of our forefathers do not make fo ftrong an impreffion upon us as our own. We only read concerning theirs, and we foon forget them: we feel our own, and we keep the fenfation alive by meditating upon it afterwards. The oppofers of a miniftry have generally been martyrs; and the pens, which were used to wound their enemies, have too frequently proved weapons to wound themselves. Not only the out-lines of the lives of patriots have shewn a ftrong refemblance between them; but likewife their features, and the hades of their portraits have heightened the fimilitude. I was ftruck with this thought lately on perufing the life of the rev, Mr. Samuel JohnSon, who figured as a patriot in the reign of Charles and James II.

The miniftry indeed treated him, as minifters do all their opponents as a traitor to his king and an enemy to VOL. I

his country. He was a friend and chaplain of the lord Ruffel, who died a martyr by the hands of papifts; and he was alfo a great friend to liberty, as appears from his writings againft paffive obedience. He had compofed a piece on this fubject, which was printed and entered at Stationers hall in 1683. I do not know whether, according to our modern ideas of terms, this might not be called publishing. But as it was fuppreffed and concealed, it could not be termed fo in his time without a bull, if not a contradiction.

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He was indeed carried before the privy council and examined by the lord keeper North, who asked him "whether he was the author of a book called Julian's Arts and Method to extirpate Chriftianity?” Having anfwered in the affirmative, he was interrogated, Why, after a book had been fo long entered at: Stationers hall, it was not published?"-To this he replied," that the nation was in too great a ferment to have the matter further debated at that time."-Upon this he was ordered to produce one of thofe books to the council, that it might be publifhed if they approved of it. But he

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anfwered, that he had fuppreffed the books himself; fo that they were now his own private thoughts, for which he was not accountable to any power upon earth.”.

The council difmiffed him at that time, but fent for him thrice afterwards, preffed the fame thing upon him, and received the fame anfwers; upon which account they committed him to the Gatehouse, by the following curious warrant.

"Sir Leoline Jenkins, knight, one of his majefty's moft honourable privy council, and principal fecretary of state." WHEREAS Samuel Johnfon, clerk, hath (as appeareth by information upon oath) caufed three thoufand copies of a certain book, called Julian's Arts to extirpate Christianity, &c. to be printed, in erder to the publishing thereof, and had the faid three thorfand copies in his cuftody, and hath delivered the fame to a friend, to be kept until he shall fee it fit time for the publishing thereof, and refufeth upon his emination to produce any of the faid printed copies, or to difcover where or in whofe cuftody the fame åre. And whereas it is justly fufpect ed that the faid book is a treasonable book, and intended to be published at fuch time or times, as it fhall be of dangerous confequence to the public peace to do it: thefe are therefore, in his majesty's name, to will and require you to take the body of the faid Samuel Johnfon into your cuftody in his majefty's prifon of the Gatehoufe, and him fafely to keep there, until he discover the faid copies; to the end that if they be treaJonable, they may be effe&tually preceeded upon and fuppreffed, or he the faid Samuel Johnfon be otherwife delivered by due courfe of law. And for fo doing this fhall be your warrant. Given under my hand and feal at Whitehall, the 3d day of Au

gutt 1683, in the thirty-fifth year of his majefty's reign. L. JENKINS. To Anthony Church, keeper of his majefty's pri fon at the Gatelroufe."

The conftancy which this gentleman fhewed when before the privy council is fimilar to that of a modern patriot, when examined by the fecretaries of ftate. The observation Mr. Johnfon made in his defence, though agreeable to the dictates of realon and common sense, would not have been admitted as valid among the profeffors of modern law; "he faid he had furprefied the books himself, fo that they were now his private thoughts, for which he was not accountable to any power upen earth." This was not admitted indeed by the miniftry in thofe days; nor has it been admitted by thofe, who have been at the helm in our's: fo far all ministries have been alike.

It is not a little pleafant to find the miniftry in Johnfon's days fufpecting that this book was treasonable, though they had not seen a line of it. But minifters are affected much in the fame manner as the renowned Don Quixote he imagined every thing he faw to be an enchanted caftle; and they fufpect every writing they read, nay even that which they have not feen, to be treasonable. The minifters in Johnfon's days feem even to have furpaffed their fucceffors; for though they did not know a fingle fentence of his book, they roundly afferted that it would be of dangerous confequence to the public peace whenever it was published. They were indeed miftaken; but it is no new thing to fay that of a miniftry.

Poor Johnson was to be kept in clofe cuftody, till he difcovered the copies he had printed; and if they fhould have proved to be treofonable, they were then to be proceeded upon and fuppreffed. But they had been Jupprefed before by the author him-'

felf;

Reflections on the Trial of the Rev. Mr. Samuel Johnson.

felf; and therefore what need was there for their proceeding upon them? And if they had not proved treasonable after the proceeding of the miniitry, what recompence or indemnification was to have been made to Johnfon for his falfe imprisonment, and the calumny he fuffered from the bare fufpicion of treafon? Thefe are queftions, which will not admit of an eafy anfwer. They are queftions which fhew the vast difference between those, who were in the administration then, and those who have been at the helm in our remembrance.

I cannot help taking notice that the rev. Samuel Johnfon had more faithful friends than our modern patriot. His friends never deferted him, but the friends of the modern patriot knew not what it was to be faithful. His very domeftics were bribed to betray and rob their master: and the very theft was produced in evidence to caft him, who, in due courfe of law, ought to have hanged the perfon who committed it. The perfon himself has made a very odd affidavit on this occafion; I fhould be forry for him if it were not true, and more forry for his master, if it did not prove fo in every particular. The decifion will foon be given by Our Superiors; and I with I may always fay, as I have faid, by our bet

ters.

The advantage which Johnfon had over, our modern patriot appears from hence, that though a meffenger was fent to the houfe, where, by the information, the copies of his books were depofited, yet he could not find them. This was more extraordinary, because, after the first search, Johnfon's friends apprehending a further fearch, and not thinking them fecure enough, had removed them; and when the meffenger fearched again he found the firit place, but miffed the fecond; after this they were removed to a third place in the

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fame houfe, and upon a fresh search the meffenger found the fecond place, but miffed the third. The ministry, being thus difappointed, had recourfe to promifes, and a confiderable fum, befides the favour of the court (for the miniftry at that time could bribe, as well as threaten) was offered for one of the copies, to the perfon in whofe hands, they were fuppofed to be-but it was nobly refused.

Our author was confequently bailed by two of his friends in a bond of a 1000l. and himself in another of the fame fum; and all the measures of the court to procure a copy of his book being fruftrated, the profecution was dropped.

But the inatter did not reft here;Johnfon was afterwards brought to a trial in the King's Bench on February 11, 1683-4; the profecution being begun and carried on by the intereft of the duke of York. Úpon the tryal, Mr. Wallop, Johnton's counfel] urged; "That he had of fended against no law of the land; that the book taken together was in nocent, but any treatife might be made criminal, if dealt with, as those who drew up the information had dealt with this."

However, the ordinary courfe of law was obferved, and the information was grounded, as ufual in fuch cafes, upon fome obnoxious paffages extracted from the book.

On the other hand, the lord chief juftice Jefferies upbraided Mr. Johnfon, for meddling with what did not belong to him, and told him, with a fneer, that he would give him a text, which was, let every man study to be quiet and mind his own business-to this Mr. Johnfon replied-that he did mind his own business, as an Englishman, when he wrote that book.

After this expreffion of the judge, the reader need not be informed that Mr. Johnfon was catt. His fentence liz

was

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was to pay five hundred marks, to find fureties for his good behaviour for a year, and to be committed to the King's Bench till this be paid and done. His book was likewife fentenced to be burnt by the hands of the common hangman.

Not being able to pay his fine, he continued a prifoner. But he foon obtained the liberties by the affiftance of his friends, who relieved his necef fities, and enabled him to print feveral pieces against popery, and to difperfe them about the country. True patriots we find are never to be intimidated by fufferings. Perfecution rather animates them, and makes them confiderable in the eyes of the vulgar, as well as the great,

Mr. Samuel Johnfon ftill continued his patriotic publications, notwithstanding his fufferings; and on the encampment of the army upon Hounslow Heath, publifhed an humble addrefs to all the English Proteftants in the army. He difperfed about one thousand copies of this paper, when the reft of the impreffion was feized, and he himself was put into close cuftody for his fecond trial in the court of King's Bench. The behaviour of the Marshal of the King's Bench prifon to him at this time needs no particular notice; for the marshals of that prifon have been always noted for their fingular humanity and politenefs to the late prifoners committed to their charge.

On his trial, Johnfon was fentenced to ftand on the pillory at Palace Yard, Westminster; and at Charing-Crofs, and the Royal Exchange; to pay a fine of five hundred marks, and to be whipped from Newgate to Tyburn. This fentence was rigoroufly executed on the firft of December, after he had been degraded and deprived by the ecclefiaftical court. He endured the whipping not only with firmnefs, with intrepidity, but likewife with alacrity: and, notwithstanding his fufferings, ftill continued to oppose the measures of the court, till the Revolution put an end both to those measures, and to his fufferings.

The miniftry who proceeded against him were undoubtedly thought to be in the right by their own creatures and party, and the fentence pronounced against him was then efteemed to be juft and legal. But, as Horace fays "Non fi male nunc et olim fic erit." For the' pro ceedings against him were reverfed by the parliament June 11, 1689, and even the house of lords prefented two addreffes to king William the fame year, recommending Mr. Samuel Johnfon to preferment.

May every patriot oppreffed by men in power, receive an equal if not a better recompence for their public fpirit; and experience the fame viciffitude in their fortunes! **** Coll. Oxon.

M. P. C.

Experiments and Obfervations on Water. By Thomas Percival, M. D. F.R. S.

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HIS Effay, the Author fays, was intended only to be committed to the Royal Society and many of the experiments contained in it have been laid before that learned body. But the importance of the fubject, and the defire of rendering

his little work more diffufively ufefül, induced him to publish it; as in it he has evidently demonftrated the influence of water on the health of mankind. The following instances ferve to fhew the effects of certain waters on the human body.

IT

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