Quinque superstitibus, quorum fuit unus Echion. 130 tante.-126. Quinque superstitibus, dum nonnisi quinque superstites erant. 127. Tritonidis, Minervae. The derivation of the name is doubtful; according to Hesiod, from ToiToyέveia, TOITú being an Aeolic word for the head; hence, sprung from the head of Jupiter; according to others, from the Tritonian lake. Metam. xv. 358: Tritoniacam paludem.-128. Fraternaeque fidem pacis, promissum pacis inter fratres servandae. PENTHEUS. COGNITA res meritam vati per Achaïdas urbes Namque dies aderit, jamque haud procul auguror esse, 515 520 511. Cognita res. Alludes to the story of Narcissus and his transformation. His fate had been foretold at his birth by Tiresias (vates). Achaïdas urbes. Achais, the Greek form for Achaica, and that for Graeca, according to the Greek, and especially the Homeric use of 'Axatoi for the Greeks in general.-513. Echionides -Pentheus. Pentheus, son of Echion, one of the five survivors of the men who sprung from the serpent's teeth, and of Agave, daughter of Cadmus.-515. Cladem lucis ademptae. Juno had deprived Tiresias of his sight, because, having been chosen umpire in a dispute between her and Jupiter, he had decided against her. In compensation, Jupiter bestowed on him the art of divination. 516. Canis, sc. capillis. 520. Liber, an Italian divinity, identified with Bacchus. The origin of the name is doubtful. The comparison with the Greek Avalos, quia liberat animum, is not satisfactory. It is plainly an old Italian word; Liber and Libera form a pair, and the latter is sometimes identified with Ceres, sometimes with Proserpina.-523. Meque sub his tenebris nimium vidisse quereris.' Dicta fides sequitur, responsaque vatis aguntur. 525 530 535 540 Matrisque sorores. Ino and Autonoë. -526. Proturbat, drives away. The word is not found in the earlier prose.-527. Dicta fides sequitur, fulfilment follows the words. So Metam. viii. 712: Vota fides sequitur; iv. 550: Res dicta secuta est. Responsaque vatis aguntur, the question is about the prophecy of a seer, which, therefore, cannot remain unfulfilled.-528. Festisque fremunt ululatibus agri. Fremere is transferred from the things which sound, to the place where they sound. Ululatus, the wild cries in the orgies of Bacchus. ·529. Matresque nurusque; properly, mothers and daughters-in-law; here, old and young women. See ii. 366.-530. Vulgusque. See i. 193. Here the lengthening of the que is easier, from the circumstance that the next word begins with two consonants, though they are a mute and a liquid. Ignota ad sacra, nova, hitherto unknown. ·531. Anguigenae. So serpentigenae, vii. 212, though all the Thebans were not sprung from the serpent. Proles Mavortia. See above, iii. 32.-532. Attonuit, has deprived of reason. The word is of frequent occurrence in the poets of the Augustan age, and in the later prose-writers. Aerane-aere repulsa, brazen cymbals struck against one another. All the instruments here mentioned were everywhere employed in the orgies.-533. Adunco tibia cornu, the wind-instrument made of crooked horn. In this general sense tibia sometimes occurs in the poets.-534. Et magicae fraudes. Pantheus believes Bacchus to be a magician, on account of the hitherto unknown effects of wine.-537. Obscoenique greges. Obscoenus here deformed, ugly. Inania tympana. Inanis has here a double sense, hollow and powerless.-539. Hac Tyron posuistis. The poets represent colonists as carrying their native city with them to the place where they settle. So Aeneas brings Troy to Italy. Profugos. The penates are fugitives, because the inhabitant of the house is.-541. Meae, sc. aetati, to be supplied from v. 540, although the meaning is somewhat different. In 540, Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, 545 550 Quem neque bella juvant nec tela nec usus equorum, Sed madidus myrrha crinis mollesque coronae, 555 Purpuraque et pictis intextum vestibus aurum. Quem quidem ego actutum-modo vos absistite!-cogam Assumtumque patrem commentaque sacra fateri. 560 Attrahite huc vinctum! Jussis mora segnis abesto!' Hunc avus, hunc Athamas, hunc cetera turba suorum Corripiunt dictis, frustraque inhibere laborant; 565 Et crescit rabies, remoraminaque ipsa nocebant. At quacumque trabes obstructaque saxa tenebant, 570 Spumeus et fervens et ab objice saevior ibat. Ecce, cruentati redeunt et, Bacchus ubi esset, Quaerenti domino Bacchum vidisse negarunt; 'Hunc' dixere 'tamen comitem famulumque sacrorum Cepimus,' et tradunt manibus post terga ligatis 575 Adspicit hunc oculis Pentheus, quos ira tremendos aetas is race; here, age.-551. Sine crimine, sine culpa.-556. Pictis, acu pictis, embroidered. -558. Assumtumque patrem, quem falso patrem sibi assumserit; namely, Jupiter.-559. Acrisio. Acrisius, king of Argos, likewise would not recognise the divinity of Bacchus; his fate is not related till iv. 606, foll.-564. Åvus, Cadmus. According to other authors, who relate the same fable, Cadmus had resigned the government into the hands of Pentheus. Athamas, husband of Ino, therefore uncle of Pentheus.-570. Tenebant, retinebant, by metonymy (simplex pro composito). Above, Metam. ii. 376, tenet for obtinet.-572. Redeunt-et negarunt. The perfect coupled to the historical present. So above: Intonat etmisit (Metam. ii. 311), and frequently. Fecerat, et, quanquam poenae vix tempora differt, BACCHUS ET NAUTAE. ILLE metu vacuus "Nomen mihi" dixit "Acoetes, 580 585 590 Praeter aquas: unum hoc possum appellare paternum. Mox ego, ne scopulis haererem semper in isdem, Taygetenque Hyadasque oculis Arctonque notavi, 595 583. Maeonia. Above, v. 576, he is e Tyrrhena gente. The widespread Tyrrhenian race was to be met with on all the coasts of the Mediterranean; in Lydia and Maeonia, therefore, as well as in Etruria.-584. Join: pater mihi arva non reliquit quae duri juvenci colerent.-587. Ducere, educere, extrahere.-588. Census, here for divitiae, res familiaris, because the property of each citizen appeared from the census taken at Rome every five years. -593. Addidici, I learned in addition; namely, to what I already knew. Regimen, gubernaculum, clavum. Join regimen carinae.-594. A knowledge of the stars was among the ancients a requisite preparation for the art of navigation. Olenia capella, the goat Amalthea, which suckled Jupiter. It lived in Olenus in Achaia. Jupiter, out of gratitude, placed it among the stars, where it stands in the left shoulder of Auriga.-595. Taygete, one of the Pleiades, here put for the whole constellation. Hyadasque, five stars in the head of Taurus. Their rising and setting was supposed to bring rain. Arctos, both of the Bears were so called.-596. Ventorumque domos, the quarters of the sky. There is no reference here to the Aeolian islands of Homer. Puppibus, navibus.-598. Dextris adducor litora remis. Dextris remis; that is, remis qui navem versus dextram agunt. Adducor litora is a poetical expression for ad-ducor (ducor) ad litora. — 599. Doque leves saltus. Saltus dare for salire. So above, Metam. iii. 37: dedit METAM. LIB. III. Nox ubi consumta est-Aurora rubescere primum Corpore sit, dubito; sed corpore numen in isto est. His quoque des veniam!'-' Pro nobis mitte precari!' Dictys ait, quo non alius conscendere summas 615 620 625 630 Hoc Libys, hoc flavus, prorae tutela, Melanthus, Hoc probat Alcimedon et, qui requiemque modumque Voce dabat remis, animorum hortatur Epopeus, Hoc omnes alii. Praedae tam caeca cupido est. 'Non tamen hanc sacro violari pondere pinum Perpetiar' dixi: 'pars hic mihi maxima juris.' Inque aditu obsisto. Furit audacissimus omni De numero Lycabas, qui Tusca pulsus ab urbe Exsilium dira poenam pro caede luebat. Is mihi, dum resto, juvenili guttura pugno Rupit; et excussum misisset in aequora, si non Haesissem, quamvis amens, in fune retentus. Impia turba probat factum. Tum denique BacchusBacchus enim fuerat-veluti clamore solutus Sit sopor aque mero redeant in pectora sensus, sonitum for sonuit. Compare below, v. 683.- 602. Ad undas, to the fountains.-603. Join: Ipse prospicio tumulo ab alto quid aura mihi promittat.-609. Cultum, vestitum.-612. Dubito, incertus sum, nondum mihi constat. -614. Mitte, omitte; as v. 570: tenebant.615. Conscendere Ocior, Greek construction of the adjective with the infinitive, instead of with the preposition and gerund. -617. Prorae tutela, who has the charge of the fore-part of the ship.-618. Qui requiemque modumque Voce dabat remis, who by his voice appointed rest (pause) and measure to the rowers, to whose commands it was necessary for the rowers to pay attention, to secure regularity in their motions. He is called also animorum hortator, because he like. wise roused their courage by singing (voce).-621. Non tamen-perpetiar. The ship would be violated not by the sacred burthen itself, but by the abuse of it. -627. Rupit, rumpere conatus est. Excussum, sc. nave. Si non, here equivalent to nisi. This expression would be inadmissible in prose.-628. Amens, stupified, insensible.-631. Aque mero, post merum digestum. A rare use of the |