Sanguine Caesareo Romanum exstinguere nomen,
Attonitum tanto subitae terrore ruinae

Humanum genus est totusque perhorruit orbis ;
Nec tibi grata minus pietas, Auguste, tuorum,
Quam fuit illa Jovi. Qui postquam voce manuque
Murmura compressit, tenuere silentia cuncti.
Substitit ut clamor, pressus gravitate regentis,
Jupiter hoc iterum sermone silentia rupit :
'Ille quidem poenas -
curam hanc dimittite - solvit ;
Quod tamen admissum, quae sit vindicta, docebo.
Contigerat nostras infamia temporis aures;

205

210

Quam cupiens falsam, summo delabor Olympo

Et deus humana lustro sub imagine terras.

Longa mora est, quantum noxae sit ubique repertum,
Enumerare: minor fuit ipsa infamia vero.

215

Maenala transieram, latebris horrenda ferarum,

Et cum Cyllene gelidi pineta Lycaei;

Arcados hinc sedes et inhospita tecta tyranni
Ingredior, traherent cum sera crepuscula noctem.
Signa dedi venisse deum, vulgusque precari
Coeperat; irridet primo pia vota Lycaon,
Mox ait, "Experiar, deus hic, discrimine aperto,
An sit mortalis, nec erit dubitabile verum."
Nocte gravem somno nec opina perdere morte
Me parat: haec illi placet experientia veri.
Nec contentus eo, missi de gente Molossa
Obsidis unius jugulum mucrone resolvit,
Atque ita semineces partim ferventibus artus
Mollit aquis partim subjecto torruit igni.

Quos simul imposuit mensis, ego vindice flamma
In dominum dignosque everti tecta Penates.
Territus ipse fugit, nactusque silentia ruris

220

225

230

141, note 1; so v. 229, mollit. -210. Admissum, substantively, the crime, as xi. 380.-216. Maenala (also Maenalon, Maenalos), Cyllene, and Lycaeus, well-known mountains in Arcadia. - 218. Årcados is here joined, as an epithet, to tyranni; that is, Lycaonis. 220. Signa dedi venisse deum. When the gods appeared in human form, they gave tokens by which they might be recognised; such as superhuman beauty, an airy, floating gait, the peculiar lustre which they shed around them. They are sometimes also recog nised as gods against their will, as Iris in Virgil (Aen. v. 646, sqq.). -222. Discrimine aperto, by an open or public proof.-223. Dubitabile. This word does not occur in any Roman author before Ovid, and was therefore perhaps coined by him. We find it also Metam. xiii. 21: Si virtus in me dubitabilis esset.-226. De gente Molossa, a tribe in Epirus.-230. Simul simulac. Vindice, sc. sceleris. 231. Penates. The household gods are responsible for that which is done in the house. -233. Ab ipso colligit os rabiem. The wolf

Exululat frustraque loqui conatur: ab ipso
Colligit os rabiem, solitaeque cupidine caedis

Vertitur in pecudes; et nunc quoque sanguine gaudet. 235
In villos abeunt vestes, in crura lacerti;
Fit lupus, et veteris servat vestigia formae:
Canities eadem est, eadem violentia vultus,
Idem oculi lucent, eadem feritatis imago.
Occidit una domus; sed non domus una perire
Digna fuit: qua terra patet, fera regnat Erinnys;
In facinus jurasse putes. Dent ocius omnes,
Quas meruere pati-sic stat sententia-poenas.'

240

does not receive its rapacity (rabies, the stated term for the fierceness of the wolf) as something new, but from Lycaon, who was accustomed to murder.-236. The etymological connection between Lycaon and Xúkos (lupus) is visible also in the identity of Xúkos and lupus.-239. Idem for iidem. Lucent; here also there appears to be an etymological play upon the connection between Xúxos and the root λύκη. -240. Perire digna. Dignus is here, as frequently with the poets, joined with the infinitive, according to the Greek construction. See Gram. § 360, 2.- 241. Fera - Erinnys, here not the goddess of Revenge, but violence, inhumanity.-242. Jurasse, conjurasse.

DILUVIUM.

DICTA JOVIS pars voce probant stimulosque frementi
Adjiciunt; alii partes assensibus implent.
Est tamen humani generis jactura dolori
Omnibus, et, quae sit terrae mortalibus orbae
Forma futura, rogant; quis sit laturus in aras
Tura? ferisne paret populandas tradere terras?
Talia quaerentes-sibi enim fore cetera curae-
Rex superum trepidare vetat, sobolemque priori
Dissimilem populo promittit origine mira.
Jamque erat in totas sparsurus fulmina terras;
Sed timuit, ne forte sacer tot ab ignibus aether
Conciperet flammas, longusque ardesceret axis.
Esse quoque in fatis reminiscitur, affore tempus,
Quo mare, quo tellus correptaque regia coeli

245

250

255

244. Pars-alii, as pars-pars, or alii-alii.-245. Partes assensibus implent; fulfil, perform their part-duty (namely of voting), by intimating their assent. The expression is borrowed from the custom of the Roman senate.-248. Forma, conditio.-250. Enim in this line gives the reason of what is not yet stated, but immediately follows, as the Greek yàp frequently does.-255. Axis, for heaven itself.-256. It was a doctrine of the Stoics that the universe would

Ardeat et mundi moles operosa laboret.
Tela reponuntur manibus fabricata Cyclopum:
Poena placet diversa, genus mortale sub undis
Perdere et ex omni nimbos dimittere coelo.
Protinus Aeoliis Aquilonem claudit in antris
Et quaecumque fugant inductas flamina nubes,
Emittitque Notum. Madidis Notus evolat alis,
Terribilem picea tectus caligine vultum ;
Barba gravis nimbis, canis fluit unda capillis,
Fronte sedent nebulae, rorant pennaeque sinusque.
Utque manu late pendentia nubila pressit,

260

265

Fit fragor: hinc densi funduntur ab aethere nimbi.
Nuntia Junonis varios induta colores,

270

Concipit Iris aquas alimentaque nubibus affert.

Sternuntur segetes, et deplorata colonis

Vota jacent longique perit labor irritus anni.
Nec coelo contenta suo est Jovis ira; sed illum

Caeruleus frater juvat auxiliaribus undis.
Convocat hic amnes: qui postquam tecta tyranni
Intravere sui; 'Non est hortamine longo
Nunc ait utendum: vires effundite vestras-
Sic opus est-aperite domos, ac mole remota
Fluminibus vestris totas immittite habenas.'
Jusserat hi redeunt, ac fontibus ora relaxant,
Et defrenato volvuntur in aequora cursu.
Ipse tridente suo terram percussit; at illa
Intremuit motuque vias patefecit aquarum.
Exspatiata ruunt per apertos flumina campos,
Cumque satis arbusta simul pecudesque virosque

275

280

285

in the end be consumed with fire. This the poet here employs for his own purpose, perhaps also with allusion to the fable of Phaethon. -258. Mundi moles, the mass of the universe; that is, the vast universe. Operosa, which has been constructed with so much labour. So Metam. xv. 666: Templa operosa.-260. Poena-diversa, not a different punishment, but the opposite punishment.-262. Aeoliisin antris. The Aeolian (now Lipari) islands were conceived as the abode of the winds. Aquilonem; the north wind brings cold, dry weather in Italy, while the south is considered especially as the wind which brings rain. In v. 328, the north wind dispels the rainclouds.-263. Inductas, sc. coelo. The clouds are spread over the sky like a covering.-265. Tectus vultum. Gram. § 259, 1; so v. 270, below: varios induta colores.-267. Rorant. Rorare here means to drop. So in v. 339: Ora dei madida rorantia barba.-271. Concipit Iris aquas. According to the meteorological view, the rainbow attracted the water to itself, which it then gave back as rain.-274. Jovis ira-iratus Jupiter. The attribute being here the emphatic word, is more forcibly expressed in the abstract form of a substantive.

279. Moles, a kind of dam; that which is placed at the

Tectaque, cumque suis rapiunt penetralia sacris.
Si qua domus mansit potuitque resistere tanto
Indejecta malo, culmen tamen altior hujus
Unda tegit, pressaeque latent sub gurgite turres.
Jamque mare et tellus nullum discrimen habebant:
Omnia pontus erat; deerant quoque litora ponto.
Occupat hic collem; cymba sedet alter adunca
Et ducit remos illic, ubi nuper ararat ;
Ille super segetes aut mersae culmina villae
Navigat; hic summa piscem deprendit in ulmo.
Figitur in viridi, si fors tulit, ancora prato,
Aut subjecta terunt curvae vineta carinae;
Et, modo qua graciles gramen carpsere capeliae,
Nunc ibi deformes ponunt sua corpora phocae.
Mirantur sub aqua lucos urbesque domosque
Nereides, silvasque tenent delphines et altis
Incursant ramis agitataque robora pulsant.
Nat lupus inter oves, fulvos vehit unda leones,
Unda vehit tigres, nec vires fulminis apro
Crura nec ablato prosunt velocia cervo,
Quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,
In mare lassatis volucris vaga decidit alis.
Obruerat tumulos immensa licentia ponti,
Pulsabantque novi montana cacumina fluctus.
Maxima pars unda rapitur; quibus unda pepercit,
Illos longa domant inopi jejunia victu.

290

295

300

305

310.

entrance of the domus to confine the too strong stream.-287. Penetralia, the inmost part of the house in which the penates (here included in sacra) were usually set up; then also temples of every kind.-290. Turres, lofty buildings-palaces; not towers in the modern sense.-292. Omnia pontus erat. The verb here, as frequently, agrees with the predicate.-293. The ancients themselves have acknowledged that the following description descends too much to particulars; and in this extreme minuteness of detail we recognise a peculiarity of Ovid, which, however, is essentially connected with the exuberance of his genius. -300. Phocae, pokat, in pure Latin, vituli marini.. -302. Nereides, sea-nymphs, daughters of Nereus and Doris. --303. Incursant, run or strike against; as Metam. ii. 205: incursant stellis; xiv. 190: rupibus incursat. Agitata, by anticipation, ita ut agitentur.-305. Nec vires fulminis apri. The Roman poets are fond of comparing the strength which the boar has in his tusks with lightning. So Metam. x. 550: Fulmen habent acres in aduncis dentibus apri; Ars. Am. ii. 374: Fulmineo rabidos cum rotat ore canes (sc. aper); Fast. ii. 230: Sicut aper-fulmineo celeres dissipat ore canes. -- 309. Tumulos, colles.-310. Novi, antea non cogniti, especially with the collateral notion of the terrible, horrible. --311. Maxima pars, sc. hominum.-312. Inopi victu, with scanty sustenance; not much different from inopia victus.

DEUCALION ET PYRRHA.

315

320

SEPARAT Aonios Oetaeis Phocis ab arvis,
Terra ferax, dum terra fuit, sed tempore in illo
Pars maris et latus subitarum campus aquarum.
Mons ibi verticibus petit arduus astra duobus,
Nomine Parnasus, superatque cacumine nubes.
Hic ubi Deucalion-nam cetera texerat aequor-
Cum consorte tori parva rate vectus adhaesit;
Corycidas Nymphas et numina montis adorant
Fatidicamque Themin, quae tunc oracla tenebat.
Non illo melior quisquam nec amantior aequi
Vir fuit, aut illa metuentior ulla deorum.
Jupiter ut liquidis stagnare plaudibus orbem,
Et superesse videt de tot modo millibus unum,
Et superesse videt de tot modo millibus unam,
Innocuos ambos, cultores numinis ambos;
Nubila disjecit, nimbisque aquilone remotis
Et coelo terras ostendit et aethera terris.
Nec maris ira manet, positoque tricuspide telo
Mulcet aquas rector pelagi, supraque profundum
Exstantem atque humeros innato murice tectum
Caeruleum Tritona vocat, conchaeque sonaci
Inspirare jubet fluctusque et flumina signo
Jam revocare dato. Cava buccina sumitur illi
Tortilis, in latum quae turbine crescit ab imo,
Buccina, quae medio concepit ubi aëra ponto,
Litora voce replet sub utroque jacentia Phoebo.
Tunc quoque, ut ora dei madida rorantia barba

325

330

335

313. Aonios, old name for Boeotos. Oetaeis, Thessalicis, because the chain of Oeta extends along the boundaries of Thessaly.-314. Tempore in illo, during that time, denotes the whole duration of the flood; while tempore illo would only indicate a single point in that time.-318. Deucalion, son of Prometheus, king of Phthia. --319. Cum consorte tori, Pyrrha, daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora.-320. Corycidas nymphas, the nymphs of the Corycian cave in Mount Parnasus. Numina montis; that is, cetera numina montis. --321. Themin; Themis, the daughter of Uranus and Gaea, had received the Delphic Oracle from her mother, whose it originally was; only at a later period did it become the oracle of Apollo.--324. Stagnare has occasionally, as here, the meaning of to be overflowed, inundated. -330. Positoque tricuspide telo, depositoque tridente.-332. Humerosque innato murice tectum, Greek accusative, as v. 265. Innato, from innasci, native; murice, concha: murex is properly the purple shellfish.-333. Triton, son of Neptune and Amphitrite, herald of the sea-gods.-338. Sub utroque-Phoebo, et oriente et occidente.-339. Tunc quoque refers back to v. 281; as they had then obeyed, so