Hi redeunt udis in sua tecta genis. Sustinet impositos summa cavus alveus unda. Alveus in limo silvis appulsus opacis Paulatim fluvio deficiente sedet. Arbor erat. Remanent vestigia, quaeque vocatur Venit ad expositos, mirum, lupa feta gemellos. Quis credat pueris non nocuisse feram? 405 410 Non nocuisse parum est, prodest quoque. Quos lupa nutrit, Perdere cognatae sustinuere manus. Constitit et cauda teneris blanditur alumnis, Et fingit lingua corpora bina sua. Marte satos scires. Timor abfuit, ubera ducunt Illa loco nomen fecit. Locus ipse lupercis. Magna dati nutrix praemia lactis habet. 415 420 they understood their situation. -404. Hi, the ministri, v. 385. 405. Alveus, any hollow vessel; in the next line it is called tabella; we must therefore imagine some kind of concave board, perhaps the trunk of a tree.-410. Rumina nunc ficus, the ficus Ruminalis, a fig-tree which was planted on the spot in memory of the deliverance of Romulus and Remus, and is said to have stood more than eight hundred years, till it was destroyed in the conflagration of Nero. DEIFICATION OF ROMULUS. PROXIMA lux vacua est. At tertia dicta Quirino. Sive suo regi nomen posuere Quirites: Nam pater armipotens postquam nova moenia vidit, 475 473. Proxima lux; namely, after the festival of the Lupercalia, which was held xv. Kal. Mart. (15th February). At tertia, xiii. Kal. Mart. (17th February).-475. The different suppositions of the ancients are here given with regard to the derivation of the name Quirinus: 1st, from curis or quiris, which in the Sabine dialect meant a spear; 2d, from Quirites, which can only be true to the extent that both were derived from a common root; 3d, from Cures, the ancient capital of the Sabines. In recent times, a fourth derivation has been proposed by Niebuhr, who takes Quirium to be the original name of the ancient Sabine city on the Quirinal Mount.-476. A telo, direct from arms.-479. Pater armi Multaque Romulea bella peracta manu, Sol fugit et removent subeuntia nubila coelum, Et gravis effusis decidit imber aquis. 480 485 490 Hinc tonat, hinc missis abrumpitur ignibus aether. Luctus erat, falsaeque patres in crimine caedis: 495 500 Thura ferant placentque novum pia turba Quirinum, 505 Et patrias artes militiamque colant.' Jussit. Et in tenues oculis evanuit auras. potens, Mars, the father of Romulus.-482. Sanguinis mei, filii mei.485. Unus erit-coeli, a verse taken from Ennius, as Metam. xiv. 814. -488. Coeli pondera sensit Atlas. Heaven was shaken, and Atlas felt the weight of it more being put in motion, than when at rest. -489. Capreae paludem, the name of a place in the Campus Martius. -490. Jura dabas, were giving orders.-491. Sol fugit. At the death, and according to some at the birth of Romulus, an eclipse of the sun was believed to have taken place.-493. Abrumpitur, scinditur.-494. Patriis equis, Martis equis. Mars, like the Greek heroes, has a chariot from which he fights.- 495. Patres, Senatus. Falsaeque in crimine caedis, Enallage Epitheti for falso in crimine caedis. — 496. Illa fides, illa opinio vel suspicio.-497. Julius Proculus is mentioned as one of those who accompanied Romulus from Alba, and founded the new city.-499. Sinistrae. The augurs among the Romans stood with the face to the south: omens to the left were therefore those which appeared in the east, and as these were considered_favourable, sinister is often used for favourable.-500. Horruerunt. For the quantity of the e, see above, Fast. ii. 403.-501. Trabea, a robe of state, to distinguish the king, &c.-506. Patrias artes, artes Martis vel belli.-507. Oculis is here the dative: for the eyes. Convocat hic populos, jussaque verba refert. Templa deo fiunt. Collis quoque dictus ab illo est: 510 508. Populos, Romanos et Sabinos.-509. Collis, sc. Quirinalis: it is called Collis by pre-eminence, hence porta Collina. THE CONQUEST OF GABII. Ultima Tarquinius Romanae gentis habebat Ceperat hic alias, alias everterat urbes, Namque trium mínimus, proles manifesta Superbi Nudarant gladios. 6 'Occidite,' dixit, inernem: Hoc cupiant fratres Tarquiniusque pater, 685 690 Qui mea crudeli laceravit verbere terga.' Dicere ut haec posset, verbera passus erat. Luna fuit. Spectant juvenum, gladiosque recondunt, 695 Tergaque deducta veste notata vident: Flent quoque, et ut secum tueatur bella, pracantur. Jamque potens misso genitorem appellat amico, Perdendi Gabios quod sibi monstret iter. 700 Hortus odoratis suberat cultissimus herbis, Illic Tarquinius mandata latentia nati Nec mora. Principibus caesis ex urbe Gabina 705 688. Gabii, a Latin town of some consequence near Rome.-689. Proles manifesta Superbi, simillimus moribus patris. It was Sextus Tarquinius.-697. Ut secum tueatur bella, ut se bello juvet.-698. Ignaris, who did not know him, who did not know what they were doing.700. Quod sibi monstret iter, what would make him acquainted with the way and means.-702. Lene sonantes. The neuter of the adjective for the adverb, as frequently with the poets.703. Mandata latentia, mandata arcana.-708. Ducibus nuda suis, ducibus nudata vel privata suis. THE VIRTUE OF LUCRETIA. THIS narrative is immediately connected with the preceding. The first incidents, as not belonging to the aim of the poet, are quite briefly noticed, so that we should have some difficulty in understanding them, were we not acquainted with the history from other sources. ECCE, nefas visu, mediis altaribus anguis 710 Consulitur Phoebus. Sors est ita reddita, 'matri Qui dederit princeps oscula, victor erit.' Oscula quisque suae matri properata tulerunt Non intellecto, credula turba, deo. Brutus erat stulti sapiens imitator, ut esset 715 Tutus ab insidiis, dire Superbe, tuis. Ille jacens pronus matri dedit oscula terrae : Cingitur interea Romanis Ardea signis, Et patitur lentas obsidione moras. 720 Dum vacat et metuunt hostes committere pugnam, Luditur in castris, otia miles agit. Tarquinius juvenis socios dapibusque meroque Accipit. Ex illis rege creatus ait : 'Dum nos difficilis pigro tenet Ardea bello 725 709. Nefas visu, male auspicatum. The evil omen consisted in three different things.-1. The appearance of the snake itself; 2. Its carrying off the sacrifice; 3. The extinction of the fire. - 711. Consulitur Phoebus; that is, the Delphic oracle, to which Tarquin sent his two sons along with L. Junius Brutus, his nephew.-712. Victor erit does not refer to any actual victory, but to the obtaining of the government of Rome, for the youths had consulted the oracle with regard to this also.-715. Stulti sapiens imitator, the wise imitator of a fool, according to the well-known story, which perhaps owes its origin to the name Brutus.-719. Ardea, the chief town of the Rutuli. - 720. Patitur, an unusual expression; the subject is Ardea; the city suffers tedious delay in consequence of a siege, whereas it is properly the conquest that is delayed, or, we may also say, the siege is protracted.-721. Vacat, otium est, as v. 722: otia miles agit. 724. Accipit, entertains. - 725. Pigro, without action. Difficilis, ad quam accessus non facilis est. -726. Ad patrios deos, ad Penates nostros.- -727. Socialis, conjugalis, a use of the word which seems peculiar to Ovid. Torus socialis is simply a periphrasis for conjugium, and that again must be taken for the concrete conjux. Quisque suam laudat. Studiis certamina crescunt, Surgit cui dederat clarum Collatia nomen : 'Non opus est verbis, credite rebus,' ait: 'Nox superest. Tollamur equis, urbemque petamus.' Pertulerant dominos. Regalia protinus illi 730 735 Inde cito passu petitur Lucretia. Nebat, Ante torum calathi lanaque mollis erant. 740 Lumen ad exiguum famulae data pensa trahebant, Inter quas tenui sic ait ipsa sono: 'Mittenda est domino, nune, nunc properate, puellae, Quam primum nostra facta lacerna manu. Quid tamen auditis? nam plura audire potestis: 745 Postmodo victa cades, melioribus, Ardea, restas: 750 755 -729. Quisque suam laudat. The general rule is, that the reflective pronoun must be placed before quisque, but Ovid does not always observe this rule. So above, v. 713: Quisque suae matri; Trist. iii. 4, 64: Dicere quos cupio nomine quemque suo. Occasional examples of this position are to be found in prose also, in Cicero and Livy.-731. Surgit-nomen, Collatinus, from Collatia, a Sabine town near Rome.-733. Nox superest, the night still remains, is still before us.-734. Frenis impediuntur equi, frena adduntur equis.-736. Custos, janitor. Noble ladies had a porter stationed at the door to prevent any one from entering without a right.-738. Posito mero, apposito. Women were forbidden to drink wine at Rome: the excess is here heightened by the circumstance that it was merum, unmixed wine. Pervigilare, of course an evidence of an irregular life.— 742. Tenui sono, a sign of womanliness and modesty.-744. Lacerna, in early times a military cloak, afterwards worn in peace also.-747. Postmodo-restas, you will by and by have to fall, for you are opposing those who are braver than you. Restare, for resistere, a rare use. So Prop.: Dum pugnant Danai, dum restat barbarus Hector. In this sense the word occurs once or twice in Livy.-748. Improba, because it does that which, according to Lucretia's idea, it ought not to do.-751. Mens abit. So Amor. iii. 14, 37: Mens abit et morior-Perque meos artus frigida gutta fluit.-752. Me subit, cogi |