creasing the number of examiners. Since the ber of acres planted is certainly one third more 1st of January 1,600 patents have been issued, than it was in that year. If the failure of the and the whole number for the year will reach cora crop be as large as we suppose, there will 1,900, or double that of 1853. The principal re- be a reduction of 1,000,000 in the number of fatcommendations of Mr. Mason are that the ex-ted hogs in the United States, and of cattle in amining force be permanently augmented, that proportion. The number of hogs fatigd in the better provision he made for taking testimony West, according to the Cincinnati Pice Curin cases of appeal, and a new rate of fees estab-rent, is nearly or quite 2,500,000. In the United lished. States, 3,000,000, at least. REPORT ON COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION. One effect of this reduction will be, that there will be little or no export. There can not be any [considerable export without at once raising the price beyond what meat can be exported at profitably. FROM this report it appears that there have been built within the present year 264 ships and The number of cattle and hogs brought to marbarks, 69 brigs, 485 smaller vessels, and 121 ket depends so much en the corn crop, that the steamboats, registering an aggregate of over diminution of the crop by a partial failure is 340,000 tons. There were built in the New-York likely to produce very important results on the District, 40 ships and barks, 7 brigs, 185 smaller, trade in domestic produce. vessels, and 36 steamboats-63,496 tons. The Though the scarcity of corn may not raise the total registered tonnage of the United States, price of pork correspondingly with the increased on the 30th of June, was 5,661,416; of which price of the grain, it will lessen the quantity sent 2,333,819 was employed in foreign trade; 2,622,- to market. 114 in coasting; 146.965 in cod-fishing; 181,901 in whaling, and 677,613 in steam navigation, AGRICULTURAL. FACTS FOR FARMERS. As the manufacture of whisky never ceases, the consumption of corn will go on, increasing the price of food, without producing one single corresponding benefit to the laborer. Hundreds, yes, thousands of farmers, have suffered great loss for the want of water, for family use and for stock, because wells, springs, brooks, and ponds have dried up; all of which could have been avoided. Do you wish to know how? IT is a fact that during the late drouth, which By building capacious cisterns. From two to was the most serious ever experienced in Ameri-three feet in depth of water falls in rain and snow ca, upon all deeply plowed land crops suffered all over the surface of the earth in the course of least. Ou all subsoil-plowed land they suffered a year. From your roofs you can always fill cisbut little. Upon land underdrained, subsoiled, terus if you have them, and there lay up a storedeep plowed, and frequently stirred upon the house of water for a dry time. surface, the growing plants kept as green and vigorous as in a wet season. It is estimated that a barn thirty by forty feet supplies annually from its roof 864 barrels, or It is a fact, then, that all clay lands, or lands enough for more than two barrels a day for every with a stiff subsoil, would be vastly improved by day in the year. Many farmers have in all five deep surface plowing, subsoil plowing, and un-times this amount of roof, or enough for twelve: derdraining, in drouth as well as wet seasons. barrels a day yearly. If, however, this water It is a fact that one of the most neglected agri- was collected, and kept for the dry season only. cultural improvements in this country is irriga-twenty or thirty barrels daily might then be used. tion. If all the running streams that might easily be used for that purpose were turned upon the cultivated fields, to add moisture and fertility to the soil, it would increase the products of this country at least five hundred millions of dollars annually. A cistern 10 feet diameter, 9 feet deep, will hold 16S barrels. That is a very good size to make barn cisterns. If you want more capacity, make two. A cistern 5 feet diameter will hold 5 2-8 barrels to each foot in depth. One 6 feet diameter 63-4 nearly of barrels to each foot. Aud 7 feet diameter 9 1-8 barrels per foot; 8 feet nearly 12 barrels; 9 feet 15 1-8 barrels; 10 feet The actual bona-fide loss to farmers from the drouth of 1801, by lessening the products of the soil, is more than two hundred millions of dol-18 2-3 barrels per foot. lars, besides the loss of property destroyed by fire. The corn crop of 1849, according to the census report, was in How to build a cistern. Dig your hole about four inches larger than the determined size. If the earth is compact, you need no brick-work. If it is loose, allow a foot increase of excavation for the wall. When you are ready, mix water lime with twice its bulk of coarse, clean sand, and plaster two or three coats over bottom and sides. Use the mortar as fast as mixed. Finish the top from eighteen inches below the surface with a double row of bricks as "headers," to support a four-inch plank covering, and over that earth, to prevent freezing. Every such cistern is worth its cost every year. Aggregate... .280,636,856 Now, 20 per cent. on this amount is fifty-six millions of inushes, for the loss in these five It is a fact that all domestic animals can be States. In our opinion, the real loss was more improved in size and value. One hundred and than double, as none of the estimates make the fifty years ago, the average weight of cattle at loss per acre less than one third, while the num-the Smithfield Market was not over 370 pounds, and that of sheep 28 pounds. Now, the average, down. Cover this with felting paper, laying the weight of the former is over 800 pounds, and of the latter 80 pounds. The average weight of cattle, properly termed beeves, in the New-York market, is about 700 pounds, and sheep 50 pounds. sheets to break joints, with one third exposed, just as you would courses of shingles. Fasten the courses to the boards by nailing thin strips of lath, and also upon the eaves, sides, and all exposed edges. The whole is now covered by the "composition," which we believe is just such as caulkers use, that is, boiling pitch. It satuand to the boards. As fast as one man puts on pitch enough, another must cover it with clean gravel, dried by heating in a very hot sun, or an iron pan over the fire. Make a complete gravel surface in the hot pitch, and your roof will be very tight and durable. The average live weight of the heaviest drove of beeves of 100 in number ever brought to this market was 2,067 pounds, weighed from dry feed-rates the paper and sticks the sheets all together ing, in Illinois, last spring. The mode of selling cattle in New-York is at so much per pound for the estimated weight of meat contained in the four quarters. The estimation is made upon the live weight of cattle as follows: A drover in buying a lot of grass-fed, common stock in Illinois should never calculate to get an estimate of over one half here of the live weight there. That is, if the drove average 12 cwt. they will make 6 cwt. of meat each. Medium beeves may be estimated at 54 or 55 pounds per cwt. Good beeves at 56 or 57 pounds. Extra good, large, and fat, from 58 to 62 pounds per cwt. In the Boston market, the weight is generally estimated upon "five quarters," that is, the product of meat, fat, and skin. There the cattle are generally weighed, and the product estimated upon an average, 64 pounds per cwt. In New-York not one bullock in ten thousand goes upon the scales to determine his price to the butcher. It is a fact that cattle of a large breed or variety are the most profitable to the grazier who feeds for beef. It is doubtful whether that rule will hold good with poultry. Dorking fowls are medium size, and a much esteemed variety. They have five toes. WHSAT in California has been grown at the rate of sixty-six and two thirds bushels, of 60 pounds, per acre. That is more than three times the average of the Atlantic States, and higher than we have ever known grown upon the best wheat fields of the old States, or fertile lands of the Western praries. KING BIRDS.-It is a fact that they do eat bees. That is settled. And it is almost indisputably settled that the birds never touch a working bee. They pick out the drones and destroy them, as all drones should be. These are beautiful birds, and should never be destroyed, because they are both ornamental and useful to the farmstead. WHEAT SOWN in drills will yield ten per cent. more than broadcast sowing, and it requires one fourth less seed. That wheat seed will produce chess, is just about as clear as that the earth is globular, notwithstanding science told Galileo "it can not be so." It says the same of chess. MUCK.-Many farms contain mines of gold in their deposits of swamp muck--the sweepings and scrapings of ages washed down and buried in some valley. To extract the gold, it must be dug in a dry time, and carted up to the high land fields, and converted into grains of wheat, rye, oats, corn, barley, and thence, by an easy transmetation, into grains of gold. Before using muck, it should be mixed with alkaline substances, such as ashes, lime, soda, etc., to neutralize the acid, which is the antiseptic that has preserved the vegetable fibres of its composition almost as unchanged as though they had been mineral instead of vegetable substances. Perhaps the best way to correct this acidity and decompose the muck is the following: TIMBER should be cut while the tree is in its Take a tub or barrel of water and set a basket most rapid season of growth, and near the close of salt in it, so that the water just comes up to of the growing season, when the terminal bud of wet the bottom of the salt, and let it dissolve as each limb is fully formed. Saw logs cut in win-long as it will. When it will take no more, the ter always decay on the outside more or less if left over, while summer cut logs keep sound for years. Hickory cut in winter soon suffers with "powder-post." If cut in August it will keep for ever. POSTS should always be set top end down. They will last twice as long. Put six inches of broken stone in the bottom of the hole. water is saturated. Use that to slake lime, and use that lime in the formation of your muck pile, at the rate of a bushel to a cart load, and the muck will soon become as fine as loamy earth, and may be used as a top dressing for grass or grain, or, better still, be mixed with manure to form a compost. It should always be used in stables to absorb all the urine, and keep the place as free from offensive smell as a clean house. LOCUST trees make most valuable timber, and grow quick and easy from the seed, if it is MANURE should never be hauled to the field scalded with boiling water, or still better, lye, and dropped in little piles to await the time when and then planted as you would beets or onions, it is wanted-often from fall till spring. It loses and the plants are about as sure as those vege-half its value. Manure should never be exposed tables to live when transplanted. to the weather; and we think it should never be kept in a cellar under the barn, unless it is absolutely perfectly disinfected by the use of muck, charcoal, peat, plaster, copperas, or something else. SALT applied at the rate of four quarts to a ton of hay will aid materially in its preservation, and make it more nutritious and wholesome for stock, and is just about the amount usually fed by a good farmer to an ox while eating that In the farm yard, manure should be stacked quantify of hay. every day, and made to shed rain, or piled under COMPOSITION Roors are cheaper than tin, beta roof. It is nonsense to talk of making manure ter than angles, are perfectly tight, and almost fre proof against sparks, when made as follows: Shert the rafters with elose boarding up and by letting cattle tramp clean straw in the mud. The straw is worth more clean than dirty. The chemistry of the dung heap ought to be taught in every country school. It is not "a dirty subject." APPLES intended for winter keeping should not be shaken or beaten from the trees, nor suffered WHAT IS DIRT? The grain, meat, fruit you eat to remain until ripe enough to fall of their own are all dirt. You sit in the dirt and sleep in the propensity. Just before the time when apples dirt. The white linen table cloth before you is would be liable to freeze upon the trees, they dirt. The beautiful clean porcelain plate, upon should he picked by hand, as carefully as though which you place your food, was dug out of a clay- they were eggs, and handled so as hardly to dull bank last week. That bright steel blade, with the bloom upon the surface. They should never which you are now lifting the salt out of that be packed in barrels under the trees, but taken crystal cup, if left in contact with that salt a little under shelter, and piled upon and covered with space--a very short fraction of eternity-would clean straw, to undergo the sweating which they turn to dirt-very dirty dirt. Even the crystal will do wherever they are placed. The longer cup, reduced to powder and mixed with water, they can lie unharmed by frost in this pile, the would change into the potato you are eating. better will they keep, after being packed for sale, And if crystal is dirt-nothing but dirt, what are or in bins, in a dry, clean, cool cellar for winter you yourself? Dust thou art. You need not be use. If they are to be barreled for sale, make ashamed to talk about yourself or your fellow-three sorts, and mark the barrels No. 1, No. 2, what you are or he will be, in the course of No. 3, and be very careful that not a single one nature's eternal changes--for by her immutable of No. 3 gets into a No. 1 barrel. Never handle Jaws we are but dirt purified from its most offen- your apples on a wet day. Pick them dry, and sive particles for a little.season, and shall return pack them dry, and keep them dry. again to our original condition. VESSELS OF WAR OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY. The officers marked thus (*) have the rank of Commanders ; thus (†) Lieutenants; the rest are Captains. Under the act of the late session of Congress, authorizing the construction of six steam frigates, they are building as follows:-the Merrimack at Boston; the Niagara at New-York; the Wabash at Philadelphia; the Minnesota at Washington; the Roanoke and the Colorado at Norfolk; each to carry 50 guns. STATES AND TERRITORIES-38. Massachusetts-One of the original thirteen. Alabama Formed out of territory ceded to the Carolina, South-One of the old thirteen. Rati- Ratified the Constitution Feb. 6, 1788. ELECTION RETURNS, BY STATES, CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS AND COUNTIES. MAINE. 564.. 724 MASSACHUSETTS. GOVERNOR. 1854. PRESIDENT, 1852. GOVERNOR, 1954. PRESIDENT, 1832. Rep. Ram. Whig. Dem. Whig. Dem. F.S. Counties. Whig, KN FS. Dem. Whig. Den. F.S. Morrill, Cary. Reed. Parris. Scott Pree Hale.) Washb'n.Gani'r. Wilson. Bishop.Scott. Free.Hale. Androscoggin 2258 170 651 1593.. (New County.) Barnstable... 632 1964 147 353.1379 892 473 Aroostook.... 325 447 579 787 801 Berkshire....1428 3933 176 1572..3579 2973 631 Cumberland .5780 678 1247 3121..4471 6504 1379 Bristol.. ...1440 6144 Franklin.....1998 193 351 1310 63 273 Hancock.....3052 9- 317 ..3298 11523 Kennebec....4617 498 1657 951 Franklin.....1447 2304 Lincoln 930.. 997 1121..1809 596 Dukes,. 2619 214 Essex.... 2703 .2791 212 2175 1956..5224 5168 563 Hampshire..1366 2925 366 535 1022..3827 2091 3 55.. 250 225 48 987 1136..6539 4576 3485 265 825..2552 1726 1218 3267 429..3300 1425 1243 1048..3415 3458 757 2228.8750 8925 4231 99.. 329 189 189 621..3589 3454 2479 454..2993 2380 2440 186 432 3045..1560 4049 697 Hampden....1012 4931 ..1400 5254 534 .4336 8384 470 1312..4568 5413 1600 Worcester....3302 12114 1573 2597..7283 5966 7138 V. Is Washburn, 10224] II. IV. C. R. Vickery.&c.1856 VIII. C. L. Knapp, & 5232 Fusion, Hem. E.S. Wig. Dew. PS. Royce Clark. Braineri,&c. Seot Pierce Hate, VI. 2359 478 59....2041 378 642: T. Wentworth, 2014 CONNECTICUT. Addison.. 5261 Windsor. .1480 900 21 1199 GOVERNOR, 1851. PRESIDENT, 1852. Whig. Den. Temp. Whig Dan. F. S. Ontron Digham. Chap'n.Scott. P'rce. Hale ...312) 3891 5155 1717.. 4814 4207 6104 1577.. 6329 992..3946 501.. 2065 2540..6046 6097 424 1206.. 3361 469 637 921 1703 2015 202 518.. 2095 2448 618 1768 19a6 28838 10672..30359 35249 3160 LEGISLATURF →Anti-Nebraska and Temperance majority. Dutton chosen Governor by do. NEW-HAMPSHIRE. GOVERNOR, 1854. PRESIDENT, 1852. Jawer. Perkins. Scors. P'rce. Hule. Chudies. Carroll. Cheshire. Hoppin. Dinoa L. Scot, the 48 Hillsborn ie Morrimae. & Saford.. $33 124 45 Sullivan 4542 431 1525 1056 Total. 512.. 737 1:37 262 491 1825 350 1039 2063 2264 69 383.. 8.6 1491 167 2043 4286 771 246 2963 4855 1447 1551.. 1627 4628 1001 1545.. 2500 4502 1071 773.. 2003 1917 2250 495 838.. 1316 2059 430 11080 .16147 29907 6695 Sext., 72. Bor Baker. 1748; do. for Pierce, 7155. LEGISLATUR 1 Dem; Hense Anti-Nebraska. 7. Republican; d Detaberat; e. Whig, k. snowNothing. |