119. eminus: opposed to cominus; the first fell in hand-to-hand conflict; the second, in conflict conducted at a distance, i.e. with missiles.

122. suo marte, in their own fight, i.e. in conflict with each other. 123. subiti, who had suddenly come into being. (Cf. Book i. v. 315, subitarum campus aquarum.)

125. matrem, i.e. the Earth.

126. quinque superstitibus: abl. abs.

127. humo: this is sometimes used by the poets instead of the locative humi, or, as here, the acc. humum.. Tritonidis: Tritonis is an epithet of Minerva, derived from the brook Triton in Boeotia.

note on Book ii. v. 782.)

128. fraternae pacis, peace among the (surviving) brothers.

(See

129. Sidonius: as Sidon was a chief town of Phoenicia, Sidonian is equivalent to Phanician.

132. soceri, parents-in-law: Hermione (or Harmonia), daughter of Mars and Venus, was wife of Cadmus.

133. huc, to this.

135. juvenes, youths; not pueri, boys: Cadmus lived to see his grandchildren grow up.—sed... debet: "Call no man happy until he dies," a favorite maxim of ancient wisdom. In the myth of Cadmus we may recognize a genuine tradition of the trading settlements and factories established by Phoenicians in very early times, along the coast of Greece. From them the rude Greeks received the first beginnings of civilization, especially the knowledge of the alphabet. Many religious rites were likewise borrowed from them, especially some forms of the worship of Herakles (Hercules, the Phoenician Melkart) and Aphrodite (Astarte), or Venus.

VII. ACTÆON.

III. 138. prima agrees with causa; secundas with res.

139. aliena, belonging to another race, strange.

140. satiatae: fem., agreeing with canes, for the names of animals are much more frequently fem. in Latin than in English.

141. quaeras: subj. of the less vivid future condition, though the apodosis invenies is fut. ind. fortunae crimen, fault of fortune. —

in illo, in him, i.e. Acteon.

145. ex aequo, equally; lit. from an equal point (of view). meta utraque, from each goal. At each end of the course in the circus was a conical goal; the course of the sun is here compared with the race-course.

146. juvenis Hyantius, the Hyantian (Boeotian) youth, i.e. Acteon. 150. cum: conjunction.

= meta ;

152. distat idem, is the same distance from. - creta: Cretan earth (i.e. chalk) was used to mark the goals or metae; hence creta cf. v. 145. — vaporibus, heat, as in Book i. v. 432.

155. acuta, sharp, referring to the foliage of the cypress. 156. nomine: abl. of specification; § 418 (253); B. 226; G. 397; H. 480 (424); H-B. 441.—Gargaphie: a valley extending from Mt. Citharon in the direction of Thebes. succinctae, high-girded, i.e. wearing a short tunic, which would not impede her motions. (See Fig. 12.)

FIG. 12.

Diana.

159. pumice vivo, of living (i.e. natural) pumice-stone: abl. of material; § 403, 2, N.1 (244, 2, N.1); G. 396; H. 470, 1 (415, iii.); H-B. 406, 4, a.

160. duxerat, had drawn, i.e. formed. 162. hiatus: Greek accusative; § 397, e (240, c); B. 175, 2, d; G. 338; H. 416 (378); cf. H-B. 390, b.

165. quo, whither; but here, as frequently, the Latin uses the relative where the English does not.

166. retentos, from retendo.

167. subjecit bracchia: she caught it in her arms as the goddess took it off.

168. doctior illis, more skilful than they, and therefore employed in service demanding more skill.

169. Ismenis: a patronymic from Ismenus, a stream in Boeotia.

170. solutis, sc. capillis : abl. of quality; § 415 (251); B. 224; G. 400; H. 473, 2 (419, ii.); H-B. 443.

171. Nephele, Cloud; Hyle, Wood; Rhanis, Rain-drop; Psecas, Shower; Phiale, Bowl: all Greek words. Crocale (above), Seashore. 172. capacibus urnis belongs with both verbs.

173. Titania: Diana is called Titania because she is identified with the goddess of the moon, Selene, who was the daughter of the Titan Hyperion.

174. dilata parte: the continuation of the hunt was postponed until the next day; cf. v. 150.

177. qui: here again the Latin relative must be rendered by the English demonstrative.

178. sicut erant, nudae, naked as they were.

183. qui: the antecedent is to be supplied from is in v. 185. — adversi, turned towards them.

184. solet: a short final syllable is sometimes treated as if long in the cæsura of the third foot before et or aut, and also in any thesis when followed by a Greek word. purpureae aurorae: Ovid allows hiatus after the thesis of the fifth foot when the foot is spondaic or when a Greek word follows.

-

188. ut...sic: although... still. — habuisse: perf. inf. where the pres. is more usual. So in English one might say she wished she had had. 192. tibi: dat. of agent; § 375 (232, a) ;• B. 189, 2 ; G. 354; H. 431, 2 (388, 1); H-B. 373, 2. — narres depends upon licet without ut: § 565, N.2 (331, i, N.3); B. 295, 8; G. 607; H. 571, 1, 564, ii. 1 (501, i. 1, 502); H-B. 531, 2, and 502, 3, footnote2.

194. vivacis: the stag was believed to live through thirty-six generations of men. Ancient artists generally represented this first stage of Acteon's metamorphosis, in which the man has the stag's antlers. (See Fig. 13.).

198. Autonoeïus: Autonoe, daughter of Cadmus, was Acteon's mother.

199. se tam celerem, sc. esse: § 572, b (333, b); B. 331, 5; G. 542, R.; H. 614 (535, iii.); H-B. 594 and c.

202. vox illa fuit, i.e. that (the groan) was all the voice he had. ora non sua, features not his own, because his face was changed to that of a stag.

204. faciat: deliberative subjunctive; § 444 (268); B. 277; G. 265; H. 559, 4 (484, v.); H-B. 503; so also repetat and lateat.

206. Melampus, Black-foot; Ichnobates, Trail-goer; Pamphagus, All-devourer; Dorceus, Quick-sighted; Oribasus, Mountain-wanderer; Nebrophonus, Fawn-slayer; Laelaps, Whirlwind; Theron, Hunter; Pterelas, Winged; Agre, Huntress; Hylaeus, Silvan; Nape, Glen; Poemenis, Shepherdess; Harpyia, Ravager; Ladon, Strong; Dromas, Runner; Canace, Crasher; Sticte, Spotted; Tigris, Tigress; Alce, Courage; Leucon, White; Asbolus, Soot; Aëllo, Wind-blast; Thous, Swift; Cyprio, Cyprian; Lycisce, Wolfy; Harpalos, Seizer; Melaneus, Black; Lachne, Fur; Labros, Furious; Agriodus, Wild-tooth; Hylactor, Barker, and below, Melanchaetes, Black-haired; Theridamas, Game-subduer; Oresitrophus, Mountain-bred: all these names are Greek.

208. Gnosius, Spartana: the Cretan and Laconian hounds were excellent hunters.

216. substricta, close-bound, i.e. slender, as those of swift hounds are. 218. villis: abl. of quality; § 415 (251); B. 224; G. 400; H. 473, 2 (419, ii.); H-B. 443. Both adjectives agree with it.

219. cursu: abl. of specification; § 418 (253); B. 226; G. 397; H. 480 (424); H-B. 441.

221. frontem: Greek accusative; § 397, b (240, c); B. 180; G. 338;

H. 416 (378); H-B. 389. — medio ab albo, from the white in the middle.

222. corpore: abl. of specification.

223. Dictaeo, Laconide: see note on v. 208.

224. acutae vocis: gen. of quality; § 345 (215); B. 203; G. 365; H. 440, 3 (396, v.); H-B. 355.

225. est, would be: § 522, a (311, c); G. 254, R.; H. 580 (511); H-B. 582, 3, b.

226. aditu: abl. with carentia; § 400 (243); B. 214, 1; G. 405; H. 462 (414); H-B. 425, a.

227. difficilis, sc. via.

228. fugit per quae loca, he flees through places through which he had often followed: the antecedent loca is incorporated in the relative clause; § 307 (200); B. 251, 4; G. 616; H. 399, 5 (445, 9); H-B. 284,

I, a.

229. famulos, i.e. his dogs.

238. quem tamen, still such as. possit: subj. after the characteristic relative: § 535 (320); B. 283; G. 631, 1; H. 591, 1 (503, 1); H-B. 521, 1.

240. similis roganti, like a suppliant; suppliants held out their arms in prayer, and Actæon tried to express supplication by the motions of his face.

247. vellet: potential subjunctive, i.e. apodosis of an omitted condition contrary to fact; § 447, I, N. (311, b); G. 257, N.2; H. 556 (486, i.) ; cf. H-B. 519, I, c.

VIII. PYRAMUS AND THISBE.

The reader will remember this story as presented in "MidsummerNight's Dream."

IV. 56. praelata, preferred before; most excellent among.

58. Semiramis, wife of Ninus, and founder of Babylon. — coctilibus, of burnt brick.

59. primos gradus, sc. amoris, which is easily supplied from the following line.

=

60. taedae, gen. with jure : in lawful marriage. A torchlight procession was a regular part of the nuptial ceremony.

61. quod relates to v. 62.

62. ex aequo captis, equally enslaved.

63. conscius, witness.

65. fissus erat paries, the party-wall was cloven.

i.e. the chink had been left in it.

duxerat, had got,

67. id vitium, this defect. nulli notatum, remarked by no one. 69. fecistis iter, made it a passage. — illud refers to iter.

74. erat, would it have been: the imperf. ind. where one might expect the pluperf. subj.; § 522, a (311, c); B. 304, 3; G. 254, R.2; H. 583 (511, N.3); H-B. 582, 3, a. - ut sineres: subjunctive of result, for you

to allow.

75. pateres, open far enough.

77. quod, etc.: obj. of debere.

amicas, beloved.

78. diversa sede, i.e. parted as they were.

79. parti suae, his own side.

8o. contra, to the other.

:

85. foribus abl.; § 428, g (258, a, N.3); B. 229, I, c; G. 390, N.3; H. 466 (414, N.1); H-B. 408, 2.

87. neve sit errandum, and that they may not have to go wrong, i.e. miss each other.