was discarded. But the idea of Americans succoring the Canadians, in case they should themselves strike for independence was unquestionably included in the plan. This was shown by one of the questions asked in the circular:

"In case the people of Canada shall give indications that they are determined to struggle, as the fathers of this republic struggled, against British oppression," the question ran, "by planting the standard of freedom on their own soil, and rallying round it, what help are they to expect from your society or neighborhood, in men and arms? Be pleased at the earli est possible day to send us a table with the following particulars:

—— who

"Names of volunteers in the township of would be ready, in case five thousand men joined them on this side, to go into Canada, armed as the soldiers of freedom, as soon as the Canadians should have planted the standard on their own soil, rallied round it, and sought their assistance.

"In the table state what arms each man has; what means he has of transporting himself to a place of rendezvous; and mark with a star the names of any who have served in the armies of this Union, England, or any other power, stating the rank held in the same."

A similar Convention, under the name of an "Agricultural Meeting," had been held at Auburn, in Ja

away, but to bring into operation the Christian rule, tc do unto others as we would wish them to do towards us, were they in our situation or circumstances and we in theirs."

The blank at the mystical number "seven" leaves room for the play of the imagination, and is suggestive of a project of Canadian independence.

nuary, at which Mr. Mackenzie was present and took a leading part. A special Executive Committee had been formed at that Convention, and the information. sought in the circular issued from Rochester was to be laid before both the Auburn Executive Committee and the Rochester secret Special Committee. The Association was bound by no oath or affirmation, nor were its members under penalty to perform any obligation whatever.

These associations appear to have differed from that of the Cleveland in very essential particulars. The Rochester Association was composed of Canadian Refugees; the Cleveland Association was composed almost entirely of Americans. The former laid it down as a rule that the independence of the Canadas must first be asserted by the resident Canadians, and then, but not till then, extraneous assistance might be afforded them. Mr. Mackenzie claimed for the Rochester Association that it prevented small marauding expeditions being got up. At the same time, its members were preparing to second the efforts of the Canadians, should the standard of revolt be again raised within the Provinces. Certain it is that no expeditions were fitted out against Canada after this time, although there were extensive organizations in the border States, of which the object was to assist in bringing about the independence of Canada. There was formed an auxiliary Association of Canadian Refugees in Cincinnati, in which there were no Americans. Dr. Duncombe was connected with it. But the plan of uniting the Canadian refugees, instead of allowing Americans to form schemes for the "liberation" of

Canada, appears to have originated with Mr. Mackenzie, in January, 1839.

The circular of the Rochester Association does not appear to have elicited many replies, though there were refugees scattered all over the Union, from Maine to Florida. A few reply that they are under obligations to report to Lockport or elsewhere. A letter from Florida volunteers the statement that "in the South, all about the Gulf of Mexico, are hardy maritime people, bred from childhood to fishing, slaving, privateering, wrecking, and piracy, ready, if they can get commissions from any government, to cruise against the rich trade of England." These materials would be available, as privateers, the letter adds, if

we can only establish a fixed government [in Canada] for three weeks." On the 18th of May, the receipts of the society amounted to seventy-seven dollars, and it had not yet appointed any traveling agents.

In the month of May, General Handy wrote to Mr. Mackenzie, recommending, if the Rochester Association should second the project, "that a call be made for a general representation from the Provinces, and that a General Congress be formed, with the President, etc., of Canadians solely." His object was to have a united representation from both Provinces, that they should stand together in their united strength, under one banner, "as did the thirteen United States during the Revolution." The project, however, came to nothing.