APPENDIX.

Of the following derivative forms, those which occur most rarely have been sometimes omitted:

NOUNS: Feminines in a, from nouns in us, er (M.);

Feminines in -trix, trīcis, from nouns in -tor, tōris (M.);
Diminutives in -olus, -ulus, -ellus;

Verbals in -mentum, i (N.), equivalent to forms in -men, inis;
Verbals in -antia, -entia (F.), from the present, denoting quality,
Verbals in -tor (M.), -trix (F.), from the supine stem, denoting agent;
Verbals in -tus, ūs (M.); -tūra, æ, -tio, -ōnis (F.), from the supine
stem, denoting condition or act.

ADJECTIVES: Possessives in -ānus, -ius, -īlis, derived from nouns ;
Patrials or locals in -as (ātis), -ensis, -īnus;

Verbals in -bundus, corresponding nearly in signification with the present participle;

Secondary forms in -ārius, -icius, and -īvus. ADVERBS, regularly formed from adjectives: as from

cārus: carē, carius, carissimē ;

fortis: fortiter, fortius, fortissimē.

VERBS Inceptives in -sco; also, Compounds with the following prefixes, when their meaning is not otherwise altered:

ā, āb, away: as, aufĕro, abstŭli, ablātum, take away.
ad, to, towards: as affĕro, attŭli, allātum, bring.

ante, before: as, antefĕro, prefer; antecello, excel.
circum, around, about: as, circummunio, to wall around.
con, together: as, confĕro, collātum, bring together, compare.
dē, down, utterly: as, dēspicio, look down on, despise.

di, or dis, asunder: as, diduco, draw apart; disjungo, unbind.
ē, ex, out: as, effĕro, extŭli, ēlātum, carry forth, uplift.
in, with Nouns or Adjectives, not: as, infinītus, boundless.

in, with Verbs, in, on, or against: as, infĕro, illātum, bear against.
inter, into or to pieces: as, interrumpo, interrupt.

ně, něc, not: as, nequeo, cannot; něcõpinātus, unlooked-for.

ob, towards: as, offero, offer; obvěnio, meet.

per, prae, very: as, permagnus, very great; præclārus, glorious. rě, red, back or again: as, refĕro, report; rědeo, return.

sē, apart: as, sē-păro, part; sē-cerno, put aside.

sub, under or in low degree: as, subdŏlus, crafty; suffero, endure supĕr, on or in place of: as, superfundo, pour over.

The following list contains the Stem-endings of all the simple Veros which form their Perfect and Supine Stems otherwise than by § 30, 1-4. Those marked † have also regular forms. Forms preceded by a hyphen are found only in compounds. Compounds generally change ǎ or ĕ of the stem into L |strideo, stridi, whiz. figo, fixi, fix-, fix. suadeo, suasí, suas-,

I.

tcrepo, ui, it- resound. cubo, ui, it-, lie down. ɖɔ, dedi, dit-, give. dɔmɔ, ui, it-, sublue. frico, cai, tct-, rub. juvɔ, juví, jut-, help. mico, micii, glitter. theco, neзui, ct-, kill. plico, cui, -cit-, fold. pɔtɔ,-pot-, drink. seco, cui, ct-, cut sono, ui, it-, sound. sto, steti, stat-, stand. tono, ui, it-, thunder. veto, ui, it-, forbid.

II.

algeo, alsi, te cold. ard, arsi, arз-, burn. augeɔ, xi, ct-, increase. caves, cavi, caut-, care. cenзeo, nsui, ns-, value. cies, civi, cit-, excite. deleo, evi, et-, destroy dɔceɔ, cui, doct-, teach. faveo, vi, faut-, favor. ferves, vi, bui, boil. fleo. flevi, filet-, weep. foveo, fovi, fot-, cherish. friges, frixi, be cold. fulges, fulsi, shine. hereo, si, hз-, indulgǝo, si, s-, indulge. jubeɔ, jussi, ju3s-, id. langueo, gui, faint. liques, liqui (cui), melt. luces, luxi, shine. lugeɔ, xi, ct-, mourn. mineo, si, mans-, wait. misceo, scui, st-, (xt-)

stick

mix, mingle. mordeo, momordi, mors-, bite. mɔvəɔ, vi, mɔt-, move. mulces, lsi, 1s-, soothe. mulge, lsi (xi), 1s(Ict-), milk. neo, nevi, net-, spin. niveɔ. tnixi, wink. paveɔ, pavi, fear. pendes, pependi, hang. -ples, plevi, plet-, fill. prandeo, ndi, ns-, dine. rideɔ, risi, ris-, laugh. sede, sedi, sess-, sit. sorbe, bui (psi), suck. spondeo, spopondi, spons-, pledge.

persuade.
teneo, tenui, tent-,hold.
terges, rsi, ters-, wipe
tondeo, totondi, tons-,

shear.

torqueo, rsi, rt-, twist.
torreɔ, ui, tost-, roust.
turges, tursi, swell.
urges, ursi, urge.
video, vidi, vis-, see.
voveo, vovi, vot-, vow.

III.

findo, fidi, fiss-, split.
fingo, nxi, ct-, fashion.
flecto, xi, flex-, bend.
fluo, fluxi, fiux-, flow.
fodio, fodi, foss-, dig.
frango, fregi, fract-,
break.

fremo, ui, it-, roar.
frendo,-fres-, ss-,gnash.
fugio, fugi, fugit, flee.
fundo, fudi, fus-, pour.
furo, furui, rage.
gemo, ui, it-, groan.
gero, gessi, gest-, bear.
gigno, genui, it-, beget.

abdo, didi, dit-, hide.
ago, egi, act, drive.
alo, ui, alt-(it-), nourish.ico, ici, ict-, strike.
arcesso, ivi, it-,summon.incesso, ivi, attack.
bibo, bibi, bibit-, drink. jacio, jeci, jact, throw.
cado, cecidi, cas-, fall. lacesso,sivi, it-, provoke.
cædo, cecidi, cæз-, cut lado, læsi, læs-, hurt.
cano,cecini,cant-, sing lambo, bi, bit-, lick.
capeз30. sivi, undertake.flavo, lavi, lot-, laut-,
capio, cepi, capt-, take. wash (reg. 1st conj).
cedo, cessi, cess-, move. lego gi, -xi, ct-, gather.
-cello, -ui, -cels-, impel.-licio, lexi, lect-, allure.
-cendo, dí, cens-, kindle lino, vi (levi), lit-,smear.
cern-, crevi, cret-, de- linquo, -liqui, lict-,

cree.

cingo, cinxi, nct-, gird
claudo, si, claus-, shut.
colo, coluí, cult-, till.
compesco, cui, restrain.
conзulo. lui, lt-, consult.
coquo, coxi, coct-, cook
credɔ, didi, dit-, trust.
cresco, evi, et-, grow.
cudo, -di, -cus-, forge.
-cumbo, -cubui, -cu-
bit-, lie down.
cupio, ívi, it-, desire.
curro, cucurri,

run.

leave.

ludo, lusi, lus-, ploy. luo, lui, luit- atone. mando, di, mans-, chew. mergo, si, mers-, dip. meto, messui, mess-,

reap. [make water. mingo, minxi, mict-, mitto, misi, miss-,send. molo, lui, lit-, grind. necto,xi(ui),nex-,weave. nosco, novi, not-, learn. nubo, psi, pt-, marry. curs-,-nuo, nui, nuit, nod. occulo, lui, lt-, hide. pando, di, pans-, pass-,

-cutio, -ssi, -ss-, shake.
demɔ, mpsi, mpt-, take

VERBS OF

IRREGULAR CONJUGATION. - II.

pingo, nxi, pict-, paint. | sido, sidi (-sedi), sess-, tundo, tutŭdi, tuns-,

pinso, nsi, ns-, nst-, st-,

settle.

sino, sivi, sit-, permit.
sisto, stìti, stàt-, stop.
soivo, ivi, lutum, pay.
spargo, rsi, rs-, spread.
sperno, sprevi, spret-,
d. spise.
-spicio, spexi, spect-,
strew

bray, bruise. [plaud. plaudo, si, plaus-, appiecto, xi, xui, X-,twine piuo, piui, piùvi, rain. pono, posui,posit-, put. poзco, poposci, demand.. prehendo, di, ns-, seize. premo,pressi,ss-, press. promo, mpsi, mpt-, sterno, stravi, strat-, bring out. [prick. sterto, tui, snor?. pungo,pupugi,punct-, strepo, ui, it-, sound. quæro, sivi, sit, seek. quatio, -cussi, quass-, shake.

quiesco, evi, et-, rest. rado, rasi, ras-, scrape. rapio. pui, pt-, snatch. rodo, rosi, ros-, gnaw. rudo. rudivi, it-, bray. rumpo, rupi, pt-, burst. ruo, rui, rut-, it-, fall. sapio, ivi, ui, be wise. scabo, scabi, scratch. scando, di, ns-, climb. scindo, idi, sciss-, tear. scisco, ivi, it-, ordain. scribo, psí, pt-, write. sero, sevi, sắt", sau.

look.

-stinguo, nxi, nct-, ex

tinguish.

(tus-), beat. uro, ussi, ust-, burn. vado, -vasi, -vas-, go. veho, xi, ct-, curry. vello,

velli (vulsi), vuls-, pluck. vendo, didi, dit-, sell. verro, ri, vers-, sweep, verto, ti, vers-, turn. vinco, vici, vict-, con

quer.

viso, visi, vis-, visit. vivo, vixi, vict-, live. volvo, lvi, volůt-, roll. stringo, nxi, ct-, bind. vomo, vomui, vomit-, struo, struxi, ct-, build. IV. [vomit. suesco, evi, et-, bewont. amicio, xi (cui), clothe surgo, surrexi, ct-, rise. uperio, rui, rt-, open. tango, tetigi, tact-, farcio,rs, rt-, rct-, stuff. touch, [despise. fulcio, lsi, it-, pop. temno, -mpsi, -mpt-, haurió, si, st-, draw. tendo, tetendi, -tenui,

tens-, stretch.
tergo, tersi, ters-, wipe
tero, trivi, trit-, rub.
texo, texui, text-,
[raise.

weare.

tollo, sustuli, sublat-,
traho, xi, tract-, draw.

sero, -serui, sert-, en-tremo, mui, tremble.

twine.

trudo, si, trus-, thrust.
DEPONENT VERBS.

operio, ui, rt-, cover. raucio, si, 8-, be hoarse. reperio, ri, rt-, find. safio, uí, ii, salt-, leap. sancio, nxi, ct-, ratify. sarcio, sars,sart-, patch. sentio, nsi, ns-, feel. sepelio, ivi, pult-, bury. sepio, psi, pt-, hedge in. venio, veni. nt-, come. vincio, nxi, nct-, bind.

verebor
veritus sum

labar

lapsus sum

PLUF. conatus eram veritus eram

FUT. P. conatus ero

lapsus eram

molitus sum molitus eram

veritus ero

vereri

paciscor, pact-, bargain. fateor, fass, acknowledge. loquor, locut-, speak. patior, pass-, suffer. reor, rat-, reckon. -miniscor,ment-, think. proficiscor, fect-,set out. tueor, tuit, tut-, defend. morior, mortuus, mo- queror, quest-, complain.

sequor, secut-, follow. adipiscor, ept-, obtain. nanciscor, nanet-, ulciscor, ult-, avenge, amplect, plex-, embrace. nact-, obtain. expergiscor, rect-,rouse nascor, nat-, be born. fruor, fruct-, uit-, enjoy. nitor, nix-, nis-,lean on. experior, expert-, try. fungor, funct-, perform obliviscor,oblit, forget. metior, mens-, measure. gradior, gress-, step. orior, ortus-, oriturus, opperior, oppert-, wait. irascor, irat-,grow angry. oriri, oreris, arise. ordior, ors-, begin.

A.U.

I

245

303 365

387

PRINCIPAL DATES OF ROMAN HISTORY.

Founding of Rome (common date) . .

THE SEVEN KINGS. Romulus, 753; Numa Pompilius,
713: Tulius Hostilius, 689; Ancus Marcius, 640; Tarquinius
Priscus, 618; Servius Tullius, 578; Tarquinius Superbus, 534.
The kings expelled: Rome a Republic.
Decemvirs: The Twelve Tables

Rome taken & burned by the Gauls: Camillus
Licinian Laws: political rights of Commons

411-464 Samnite Wars: Conquest of Italy
474-479 War with Pyrrhus (Fabricius)

B.C.

753

509

451

389

357

343-290 280-275 264-241

219-202

490-513 First Punic War (Duilius, Regulus, Catulus) 535-552 Second Punic War: (Hannibal, Scipio)

BATTLES.-Cannæ, 216; Metaurus, 207; Zama, 202.

540-586 Macedonian Wars: (Flamininus, Paullus)
605-608 Third Punic War: Carthage destroyed
621-633 Legislation of the Gracchi.
643-648 War with Jugurtha (Metellus, Marius)
652-653 Defeat of Teutones and Cimbri .
653-655 Revolt of Slaves in Sicily, 134-132 and
664-666 Social or Marsic War: Revolt of Italian Allies
666-672 Civil War: Marius and Sulla (Marius d. 86)
672-674 Dictatorship of Sulla: Proscriptions
666-691 Wars with Mithridates (Sulla, Lucullus)
676-682 War with Sertorius in Spain
681-683 Insurrection of Spartacus: def'd. by Crassus
691 Consulship of Cicero: Catiline's Conspiracy
694
Triumvirate of Pompey, Crassus, & Cæsar
696-704 Cæsar in Gaul
700-701 Parthian War: Defeat and death of Crassus
705-709 Civil War: Pompey and Cæsar

BATTLES. - Pharsalia, 48; Zela, 47: Thapsus, 46; Munda, 45.
Assassination of Cæsar (Brutus, Cassius)
Triumvirate of Antony, Octavianus, Lepidus
Battle of Philippi: Brutus and Cassius slain
Battle of Actium: Antony defeated.
The Empire: Augustus.

EMPERORS. Augustus, B.C. 30; Tiberius, A.D. 14; Caligula, 37: Claudius, 41; Nero, 54; Galba, 68; Otho, Vitelfius, Vespasian, 69; Titus, 79; Domitian, 81; Nerva, 96; Trajan, 98; Hadrian, 117; Antoninus Pius, 138; M. Aurelius, 161; Commodus, 180; Sept. Severus, 193-211; Alexander Severus, 222-235; Aurelian, 270-275; Diocletian, 284-305; Constantine, 306-337; Julian, 360-363; Theodosius, 377-395. Defeat of Varus by Arminius Jerusalem taken by Titus 854-859 Dacian War and Conquest 920-931 Wars with the Germans (Marcomanni) Constantinople made Capital of the Empire Division of the Empire (Honorius, Arcadius) Sack of Rome by Alaric.

9

70

101-106

167-178

330

395

410

476

M. Tullius Cicero, Orations, Letters, Dialogues

M. Terentius Varro, Husbandry, Antiquities, &c.

PRINCIPAL ROMAN WRITERS.

T. Maccius Plautus, Comedies

Q. Ennius, Annals, Satires, &c. (Fragments)
M. Porcius Cato, Husbandry, Antiquities, &c.
M. Pacuvius, Tragedies (Fragments)
P. Terentius Afer (Terence), Comedies
L. Attius, Tragedies (Fragments)
C. Lucilius, Satires (Fragments)

B.C.

254-184 239-169 234-149

220-130

195-159

170-75

148-103

116-28

106-43

ICO-44

T. Lucretius Carus, Poem "De Rerum Naturâ

C. Julius Cæsar, Commentaries

C. Valerius Catullus, Miscellaneous Poems
C. Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), Histories
Cornelius Nepos, Lives of Famous Commanders
P. Vergilius Maro, Eclogues, Georgics, Æneid
Q. Horatius Flaccus, Satires, Odes, Epistles
Albius Tibullus, Elegies

Sex. Aurelius Propertius, Elegies

T. Livius Patavinus (Livy), Roman History

P. Ovidius Naso (Ovid), Metamorphoses, Fasti, &c.
Phædrus, Fables

L. Annæus Seneca, Philos. Letters, &c.; Tragedies

65-8 54-18

51-15

59-A. D. 17

43-A. D. 18

-31 19-31

-50

A.D. 34-62

65

P. Papinius Statius, Heroic Poems, "Thebais," &c.

D. Junius Juvenalis (Juvenal), Satires
L. Annæus Florus, Hist. Abridgment.
M. Valerius Martialis (Martial), Epigrams
M. Fabius Quintilianus, Rhetoric

C. Cornelius Tacitus, Annals, History, &c.
C. Plinius Cæcilius Secundus (Pliny Junior) Letters
C. Suetonius Tranquillus, Biographies

Apuleius, Philos. Writings, "Metamorphoses " &c.
A. Gellius, Miscellanies, Noctes Atticæ "

+Q Septimius Florens Tertullianus, Apologist
†M. Minucius Felix, Apol. Dialogue
Firmianus Lactantius, Theology

40-120

-120

43-104

40-118 60-118 61-115

70

110

about -180

160-240 about -250

250-325

-400

-400

-410

348-410

354-430

†D. Magnus Ausonius, Miscellaneous Poems
Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman History
Claudius Claudianus, Poems, Panegyrics, &c.
+ Aurelius Prudentius Clemens, Christian Poems .
+ Aurelius Augustinus, Confessions, Discourses, &c.
Anicius Manlius Boëthius, Philos. Dialogues

† Christian writers.