X. 74-XI. 15.] XVI. The Death of Orpheus.

241

ing power of the hot sun. The festival Hyacinthia at Sparta was in commemoration of this; at first sad, afterwards joyful, to rejoice in his restoration to life.

167. genitor, Phoebus Apollo.

168. Delphi, the place of the oracle of Apollo; this was considered the middle of the earth, and a stone was preserved here in the sanctuary, called the omphalos, or navel of the earth.

169. Eurotan, the river which flows past Sparta. — immunītam, Sparta had no walls, its citizens believing that its best defence was in the valor of its citizens. In fact, no enemy ever came within sight of the city until the invasion of Epaminondas, B. C. 370.

170. citharæ, sagittæ: the lyre and the bow were the two chief attributes of Apollo.

171. sui, i. e. of his dignity.

174. Titan, the sun.

- medius, half-way between.

176. olivi: those who took part in these contests rubbed themselves over with oil, to render themselves supple.

183. Tænarides, from Tænarum, a promontory of Laconia: the Lacedæmonian.

196. Œbalide: Hyacinthus was son of ŒŒbalus, king of Sparta. 203. reddere, give up. — quod (§ 240. b; G. 331, R3), but. 206. scripto, inscription; see v. 215.

207. heros, Ajax, which name in Greek was Alas. This same flower was supposed to have sprung from his blood, when he killed himself (see xiii. 398).

212. lilia, sc. capiunt: the flower here described is supposed to be the Turk's cap lily (see Virgil, "Index of Plants").

216. funesta litera: the Greek cry of mourning was al al. 218. prælatā pompā, with exhibition of festal parade: the festival came in July.

XVI. THE DEATH OF ORPHEUS.

XI. 3. nurus (plur.), often used for ladies of rank.

a Thracian tribe. — lymphata, frenzied.

5. percussis

the strings.

8. notam, bruise.

- Ciconum,

nervis, accompanying his song with striking

13. pedes, i. e. of Orpheus.

15. mollita, i. e. like this stone.

16. infracto, curved. The Phrygian pipe - called Berecyntian, from Berecyntus, the chief seat of the worship of Cybele — was curved at the end into the shape of a horn.

17 plausus, clapping of hands: these various sounds were connected with the orgiastic worship of Bacchus.

18. obstrepuere, drowned.

22. Mænǎděs, the name of the female worshippers of Bacchus, from μαίνεσθαι, to rave. rapuere, tore in pieces.

24. luce, by day-light.

25. structo utrimque theatro, amphitheatre: the Greek term was not yet introduced into Latin. The space in the middle was spread with sand, hence the term arena.

28. thyrsos, a rod crowned with a pine-cone or with ivy, carried by Bacchus and his votaries. munera, service.

37. feræ, the wild women.

48. carbasa, light garments. — obstrusa pullo, obscured with black.

52. flebile nescio quid queritur, utters some tearful complaint. 54. populare, of their native land.

55. Methymnæi, so called from the city Methymna. Lesbos was afterwards celebrated for its lyric poets, particularly Alcæus and Sappho.

58. tandem implying that Phoebus should have protected him before.

62. arva piorum, the Elysian fields, the abode of the blessed. 64. modo, now, corresponding to nunc . . . nunc.

67. Lyæus, an epithet of Bacchus : Bacchus as well as Apollo was a patron of poets.

68. sacrorum suorum: Orpheus had introduced these into

70. vīdēre: the infinitive would be videre: it means here participated in.

71. in quantum = on the spot to which. secuta est, sc. Orphea.

72. traxit, sc. in terram.

73. suum agrees with crus.

75. astringit, tightens.

76. harum limits quæque,

XI. 16-145.] XVII. The Story of Midas.

243

XVII. THE STORY OF MIDAS.

XI. 86. Timoli, Timolus (or Tmolus), a mountain in Lydia, from which the river Pactolus flows.

87. aureus: this will be explained by the story now to be related.

89. satyri: a woodland race, half men and half goats, who followed in the train of Bacchus. -Baccha: the female worshippers of Bacchus, also called Manades.

90. Silenus, the foster-father of Bacchus he too was of the nature of the satyrs.

91. coronis: the ancients, when carousing, wore garlands of flowers.

92. Midan, a mythical king of Lydia, a country which possessed great power in the sixth and seventh centuries B. C., its territory comprising the whole western half of Asia Minor. It was conquered by the Persian Cyrus, B. C. 546.

93. Eumolpo, a Thracian singer, who found a home in Attica (called Cecropia, from a very ancient mythical king of Athens, Cecrops).

98. undecimus, the tenth: the ancients, in counting a series, reckoned the one from which the series began, as being the first from itself.

106. Berecyntius: Midas was son of Cybele.

107. polliciti, the promise.

108. non qualifies altā, which agrees with ilice. 117. eludere, deceive.

118. animo capit, comprehends or realizes.

fingens, fancying.

120. tosta: in early times the corn was parched before being ground.

124. premebat, spread over, agrees with lamina.

131. splendida : even his skin was tinged with gold.

132. Lenæe, an epithet of Bacchus.

134. mite, sc. est.

135. facti fide, in testimony of the act.

137. Sardibus: Sardes was capital of Lydia; it was north of Tmolus.

138. undis follows obvius.

140. plurimus, in full stream.

141. corpus, obj. of elue.

145. madidis, steeped with.

147. Pana, Pan, a god of nature, represented with the legs, ears, and tail of a goat.

148. pingue, dull; as shown by the absurdity of his request. 149. præcordia mentis = mens.

152. Hypæpis, Hypapa, a little town, south of Mt. Tmolus. 154 arundine, the syrinx, or Pan's pipe, was made of reeds joined together with wax.

156. Tmolo, here the god of the mountain; in apposition with judice.

158. liberat arboribus: the head of the god is quaintly conceived as covered with trees, so as to obstruct his hearing. quercu, an oak-wreath.

160. deum pecoris: Pan, the nature god, was guardian of flocks.

162. barbarico, i. e. as being in Phrygian style.

164. sua, i. e. which crowned it.

166. palla, a poetical form for pallium, the outer garment worn by Greeks; it was rectangular, while the Roman toga was rounded at the ends.

167. dentibus Indis, ivory.

168. plectrum, the instrument with which the strings of the lyre were touched in playing.

169. artificis, artist. — status, his very posture.

171. summittere, i. e. in token of inferiority. 174. unius, alone.

176. in spatium, lengthwise.

181. tiaris: a high cap, bound under the chin, worn by oriental monarchs. 187. haustæ = effossæ. 192. agricolam: so called because he had, so to speak, planted the secret in the earth.

XVIII. THE CHIEFS AT TROY.

XII. 2. nomen [not corpus]: it was called a cœnotaph (empty tomb).

3. inferias, offerings to the dead: they are called inanes, because Æsacus was still living, although they did not know it.

4. Paridis: Paris was absent on his visit to Lacedæmon, whence he brought back Helen, the cause of the Grecian expedition against Troy (the conjuratæ rates).

XI. 147-XII. 89.] XVIII. The Chiefs at Troy.

7. commune, union or combined power..

245

10. Aulide: Aulis, in Boeotia, was the rendezvous of the fleet, and here they were detained for several weeks by adverse winds. 16. damna, loss, i. e. her young.

19. Thestorides, Calchas, son of Thestor, the chief soothsayer of the Grecian host.

21. digerit, divide off, i. e. by way of interpretation.

23. superat, remains.

24. Aoniis, Baotian.

25. bella, i. e. the host, by metonymy.

28. virginis deæ, Diana. Agamemnon had killed a hind consecrated to her, and so his daughter Iphigenia must be sacrificed by way of atonement.

29. pietatem, fatherly love.

32. victa est: according to the original form of the story, the maiden was actually sacrificed; but it was afterwards modified in this way, in order to satisfy the popular sympathies.

33. sacri, the sacred rite.

34. Mycenida: Iphigenia's home was Mycenæ.

36. Phœbes, as well as maris, limits ira.

40. triplicis mundi, the three worlds, of heaven, earth, and hades.

41. quamvis regionibus, by however wide spaces.

68. Protesilae: Protesilaus, a Thessalian, the first of the Greeks who fell at Troy: this had been foretold by an oracle.stant, cost dear.

--

magno

69. fortis animæ, genitive limiting nece, by the death of Protesilaus, that valiant soul.

72. Cygnus, king of Colonæ, near Troy: he was invulnerable, as being a son of Neptune.

74. Peliacæ: its shaft was taken from the forests of Mt. Pelion, in Thessaly, near the home of Achilles (See Il. xix. 390). 77. Hector, i. e. his death.

81. Hæmonio, Thessalian.

87. ille, Cygnus; Achilles was son of the sea-goddess Thetis. 89. parma, a small round buckler.