present and do not communicate, break God's commandment in not receiving Mary. the same. And the minister is no just minister that doth not distribute the sacrament, as Christ did, to all that are present; and where God's word is A.D. transgressed, there is not Christ present, and consequently it is no sacrament.' Harpsfield :-"What! would you have it no sacrament without it be a com- At the munion?" 1555. ministration of the Philpot:-"I make it not so, but God's express word teacheth me so, yea, Supper all also all the ancient writers; as St. Chrysostome, writing upon the Epistle to that be the Ephesians, saith, that the oblation is in vain, where none doth communi- present cate with the priest.' If by his judgment the action of the priest alone is in ought to commu vain, where is no communion, how can that be a sacrament, which he calleth a nicate. vain oblation, and a vain standing at the altar?" ment Cosins:-"You are such another fellow as I have not heard, that will not It is no have the mass to be a sacrament: you are no man for me to reason withal. sacraCome, let us go [pointing to the morrow-mass chaplain]: we will leave you, without master Archdeacon, and him together." And so they went away. Afterward it be a the Archdeacon fell into earnest persuasions with me, saying: Harpsfield:-"6 :-" Master Philpot, you and I have been of old acquaintance a long time. We were school-fellows both in Winchester and in Oxford many years. Wherefore I must wish you as well to do as myself, and I pray you so think of me." commu nion. Philpot Philpot :-" :—“ I thank you for your good will towards me. But if you be de- Talk beceived (as I am sure you are), I shall desire you not to wish me deceived with tween you: for, afore God, I tell you plainly, you are highly deceived, and maintain and false religion, and be not those men you take yourselves for; and, if you do not Harpsrepent, and leave off your persecuting of Christ's truth, you will go to the devil for it. Therefore consider it in time. I give you warning, for else, in the day of judgment, I shall be a witness against you, that I told you this, here talking together." Harpsfield :—" Fie, that is but your own vain singular opinion. I perceive you are now still that man you were in Oxford." field. Sec Philpot:- "I trust you can report no notorious evil that ever you knew by Appendix. me there.' Harpsfield: :-"I can say no evil of your conversation, but I knew you to be a studious man. Marry, if you remember when we met in disputation 'in parvis,' you would not lightly give over; and for that cause I speak what I have said." Philpot::-"Master Harpsfield, you know in the schools of Oxford, when we were young men, we did strive much upon vain glory, and upon contention, more than for the truth; but now, our years and our riper learning teach us to fall to a truth, which must be our portion for ever. And if I was then, in my time of ignorance, earnest in my own cause, I ought now to be earnest in my master Christ's cause, and his truth. I know now that nothing done upon vain glory and singularity can please God, have it never so goodly a show: wherefore I pray you judge not so of me now. Harpsfield::—“What, will you think yourself better learned, than all the learned men in this realm?" Philpot: -"My faith hangeth not upon the learned of the world, but upon the learned of God's word." Harpsfield :-"` :-" Well, I will talk with you no more as now, but pray to God to open your heart." Philpot:-"I pray God open both our hearts, to do more his will, than we have done in times past." Harpsfield:-"Ho! keeper, take him away with you.' Philpot:- "I pray you, master Harpsfield, tell me what this pronoun 'hoc' What this doth demonstrate and show, in this indicative proposition, as you call it, Hoc pronoun est corpus meum,' this is my body?" 'hoc' doth demon Harpsfield:" It doth demonstrate the substance of bread, which by the strate. words spoken by the priest, and by the omnipotency of God, is turned into the substance of Christ's very body." Philpot:-"Is the substance of the bread, as you say, turned into Christ's body?" (1) That is against the opinion of Winchester. Read before in the tractation of Winchester's sermon. Mary. A. D. 1555. Harpsfield in a double tale. Contra riety in Popish tence. Harpsfield:-"Yea, that it is." Philpot:-"Why, then Christ's body receiveth daily a great increase of many thousand pieces of bread into his body, and that is his body become now, which was not before; and by this you would seem to make, that there is an alteration in Christ's glorified body, which is a wicked thing to think." Then Harpsfield fet about again, and remembering better himself, and seeing the inconvenience of his first assertion, of the transubstantiation of bread into Christ's body, he said, that the substance of bread, after the words spoken by the priest, was evacuated or vanished away by the omnipotency of God. Philpot" This is another song than you sang first; and here you may see how contrary you are to yourselves: for indeed your schoolmen do hold, that the doctrine. very substance of bread is really turned into the substance of Christ's body. And Pretence now you perceiving of late the inconvenience which is objected against you in that of God's opinion, you are driven to imagine a new shift, and say, the substance of bread omnipo- is evacuated: contrary to that your church hath first believed and taught. Oh, what contrariety is there among you, and all to deface the sincere truth!" Harpsfield :—“ :-"Is not God omnipotent? and cannot he do as he hath said?" Philpot: :-"But his omnipotency will not do as you say, contrary to his word and to his honour. It is not God's honour to include him bodily into a piece of bread, and of necessity to tie him thereto. It is not God's honour for you to make a piece of bread God and man, which you see before your face doth putrify after a certain time. Is not God's omnipotency as able to give his body with the sacramental bread, as to make so many turnings-away of the bread, as The sub- you do, and that directly against the Scripture, which calleth it bread' many times after the consecration? Are you not ashamed to make so many alterations of the Lord's holy institution as you do, and to take away the substantial ment ta- parts of the sacrament, as, 'Take ye, eat ye, Drink ye all of this; Do ye this in ker away remembrance of me:' and to place in their steads, Hear ye, gaze ye, knock ye, worship ye, offer ye, sacrifice ye for the quick and the dead? If this be not blasphemy to God and his sacraments, to add and to pluck away in this sort, and that contrary to the mind of all ancient writers, and contrary to the example of Christ and all his apostles, tell me." stantial parts of the sacra by the papists. Harpsfield giveth over for lack of good matter. Philpot accursed by Gardiner with out order of law. Philpot required absolu tion of ter, and Harpsfield:-"I know you have gathered the sayings of the doctors together, which make for your purpose: I will talk no longer with you." Philpot :-"I pray God open both our hearts, to do more his will, than we have done in times past." Harpsfield :-" Ho! keeper, take him away with you." The Tenth Examination of John Philpot, before the Bishop of The next day after dinner I was brought into my lord's upper hall, and there he called me before him and his registrar, and before Dr. Chedsey, in the presence of two homely gentlemen, and a priest which I knew not: at what time the bishop said, London:-"I do here lay unto this man in your presence (requiring you to be a witness against him, as much as you know in any of them) these articles, this book of the catechism made in king Edward's days, also these conclusions agreed upon both in Oxford and Cambridge. Also I lay unto him, that he hath despised the censures of the church, and hath standen accursed more than this twelvemonth, and never required absolution thereof. How say you, wast thou not accursed by my lord chancellor ?" Philpot:-"I was excommunicated by him wrongfully, and without any just cause, and without order of law; being never personally cited." London:-" Didst thou not tell me the other day, when I required thee to come to the mass, that thou wast excommunicated, and therefore by the law couldst not hear mass? How long hast thou been thus excommunicate?" Philpot :-" More than a twelvemonth and a half." 66 London "Lo, you may hear what he saith: write it." Philpot: -"But as you would have written, that I have said I have been Winches- thus long excommunicated; so also let him write, that I did require of my lord chancellor that did excommunicate me, my absolution, but he would not give it me, saying, that I was excommunicatus ipso jure,' because I was a heretic, was denied. as it pleased him to call me; therefore accursed by your law: and so cominanded me to prison, where I remain." Mary. Gentleman:"Why do you not require absolution at my lord's hands here A.D. now?" Philpot:-"Because he is not mine ordinary, neither hath by the law any thing to do with me of right." London:- -"What an obstinate fool is this! I tell thee I will be thine ordinary, whether thou wilt or no." 1555. Philpot:- -“ And because of this your unrighteous force towards me, I have Philpot appealed from you, and require you, master registrar, that my appeal may be appealeth entered in writing.” London:-" Have you heard such a froward fellow as this? he seemed yesterday to be very tractable, and I had a good hope of him. I tell thee thou art of my diocese." Philpot:" I am of Winchester diocese, and not of London diocese." from Bon ner again. three London:- -"Lo, will you see what an ignorant fool this is in the law, in the How one which he would seem to be seen! I tell thee a man may be of three dioceses may be of at once as if thou wert born in London, by reason thereof thou shouldst be dioceses of my diocese: or else if thou wert not born here, but hadst a dignity here, also at once. thou art to be counted of my diocese: or else by reason of thy habitation in my diocese." Philpot:- London:-"What wilt thou lay thereof? Wilt thou recant if I prove it?" London:-"I will give thee my bishopric, if I prove it not." Philpot: "Yea, but who shall deliver it me if I win?" London:- "Thou art an arrogant fool. Enter their oaths, and take these witnesses' depositions. I must be gone to the parliament-house." After this spake unto me a priest standing by, asking me whether I was kin to my lord Riche, or no.' Philpot:-I said, “He said so himself to me the other day, but how, I know not." kinsman. laamite kinsman. Chedsey:-"I heard him say he was his very nigh kinsman." Balaamite:"Why, then you and I must be of kin, for he is my very nigh His BaHow chanceth it that you and I be of contrary judgments?" Philpot:-"It is no marvel; for Christ prophesied, that the father shall be divided against the son, and the son against the father, for his truth's sake.” Balaamite :-"You do hold (as I understand) against the blessed sacrament of the altar, and against the holy mass." See Appendix Philpot:-" If you can prove it a sacrament, I will not hold against you.” Balaamite:-"What, prove it a sacrament? quoth he. Doth not St. Paul Scripture say, 'That such things as the eye hath not seen, neither ear heard, hath God handprepared for them that love him?"1 Philpot:-"That saying of St. Paul concerneth nothing your sacrament; but is meant of the heavenly joys that be prepared for all faithful believers." Balaamite:-""" :-"Why, then I perceive you understand not St. Paul. By God, you are deceived." Philpot :-"You ought not to swear, kinsman, if you will that I shall so call you; and without disworship of our kindred, I understand St. Paul as well as you, and know what I say.' [And with that showed him a Greek Testament with Erasmus's translation, and with the old also, demanding him which text he was best acquainted withal.] (1) "Quæ oculus non vidit, et auris non audivit, ea præparavit Deus diligentibus se.' (2) This was no doubt the fourth edition of Stephen's, which is remarkable as being the one in which the text was first divided into verses. It bears the title "Novum Test. cum duplici interpretatione Erasmi et vet. Interpretis, etc.; ex officinâ Roberti Stephani, 1551." In the copy from which this title has been transcribed, it may be remarked, that the words D. Erasmi have been erased, and the preface, consisting of one leaf, torn out, in order to render the volume inoffensively papal. Any curiosity about the edition and its incorrect date of 1541, may be satisfied in Le Long's Bibliotheca Sacra," vol. i. p. 210, edit. 1723; or in Masch's enlarged republication of it, vol. i. p. 305. The fourth edition of Erasmus's Greek Testament (Basiliæ, 1527) is arranged in the same somely applied. Mary. A.D. 1555. The next day's talk with the bishops. Balaamite:- "I knew Greek too once, as well as you; I care not which you read." Philpot: "You know them then all alike; you understand the one as well as the other." With this my Balaamite kinsman departed in a fury. The next day after I was brought down again, after dinner, to the chapel, and there my Balaamite kinsman (to verify the Scriptures, that a man's own kinsfolks shall be his enemies) came in with the bishop as a witness against me: and there the bishop caused another that came to him about other matters, to swear also to be a witness against me, which was a priest also; saying, "You shall swear to depose all the truth of certain articles you shall be inquired of against concerning this man; and here I (according to the law) do bring them forth in Philpot. thy presence." Witness again sworn Philpot again Philpot :- My lord, I do not agree to the production of them, but do appeal appealeth from all these and other your proceedings against me: and require you, master from the Registrar, that my appeal may be entered, and I will give you for your labour." Registrar:- -"Your appeal shall be entered at leisure. Whom do you appeal bishop. Yet an other examination unto? tell me." Philpot:-"I appeal to a higher judge, as to the lieutenant of the archbishopric of Canterbury; for I know not who is bishop thereof at this present." With that the bishop went away, and my Balaamite kinsman looked big upon me, but said never a word. Thus have I in haste scribbled out all mine examinations hitherto, that the same which hath been done unto me in dark, might come to light, and that the papists' unjust proceedings, and nakedness in their false religion, might be known to their confusion. Jesus is Emmanuel, that is, God with us. Amen. 1555. The Eleventh Examination of John Philpot, had on St. Andrew's I was coming, being sent for with my keeper; and the bishop of London met me in his hall-door, and full mannerly he played the gentleman-usher to bring of John me before the lords, saying, "My lords, I shall desire you to take some pains with this man; he is a gentleman, and I would he should do well, but he will bishops wilfully cast away himself." Philpot before and doc tors. Durham:-"Come hither sir; what is your name?" Durham :-"I have heard of that name to be a worshipful stock; and since you be a gentleman, do as you may live worshipfully among other gentlemen. What is the cause of your trouble now?" I told him the cause, as in my former examinations is expressed. Durham :-"Well, all causes set apart, will you now be a conformable man to the catholic faith, and leave all new fangled opinions and heresies? I wis I was in Germany with Luther at the beginning of these opinions, and can tell how they began. Leave them, and follow the catholic church throughout the whole world, as the whole realm now doth." Philpot: :-"My lord, I am of the catholic faith, and desire to live and die in the same. But it is not unknown to your lordship, that I with others these twenty years have been taught another manner of faith than you now go about to compel us unto: wherefore it is requisite that we have a time to weigh the same, and to hear how it agreeth with God's word. For faith is not at a sudden manner as this of Stephen's, and is the one alluded to in Foxe (vol. v. p. 117), as containing the first mention of Tonstall's name, by which Tyndale was attracted:-see Russel's edition of Tyndale and Frith's works, vol. i. p. 500. Foxe says, "in the annotations;" but it would be more correct to refer to the "capita argum. contra morosos quosdam ac indoctos," near the close. These precede the text, and are in the Basle edition unpaged; and here it is that Tonstall's name appears as bishop of London.-ED. neither won, neither removed, but, as St. Paul saith, 'Faith cometh by hearing, Mary. and hearing by the word.' "'1' faith to be Chichester:-"And if you will give me leave, my lord, I will show him how A. D. he taketh the saying of St. Paul amiss, as many others now-a-days alleging the 1555. same do, that they ought not to be compelled to believe: whereas St. Paul Papists meaneth of infidels, and not of the faithful. And so St. Augustine, writing will have against the Donatists, saith, that the faithful may be compelled to believe.2 compellPhilpot: St. Bernard (and it please your lordship) doth take that sense ed. of St. Paul as I do, saying, that faith must be persuaded to a man, and not en- Faith joined. And St. Augustine speaketh of such as were first thoroughly persuaded by manifest scriptures, and yet would resist of stubborn wilfulness.' Chichester:-"So Bernard meaneth of infidels also." Philpot:"No, my lord, that he doth not, for he writeth not of the infidels, but he writeth of such as were deceived by errors." Chichester:-" My lord of Durham, I have been so bold to interrupt your lordship of your tale: I pray you now proceed on.' I per ought not to be compelled. Durham:-"Master Philpot, will you be of the same catholic faith and church with us [which] you were baptized in, and your godfathers promised for you, and hold as we do? and then may you be rid out of trouble." ceive you are learned, and it is pity but you should do well." Philpot :-"I am of the same catholic faith and catholic church I was bap- Philpot tized unto, and in that will I live and die." of what faith. Are No man bound to faith of Durham:-"That is well said: if you hold there, you cannot do but well." Chichester:-"Yea, my lord, but he meaneth otherwise than you do. you of the same faith your godfathers and godmothers were, or no?" Philpot::-"I cannot tell what faith they were of certainly, but I am of the be of the faith I was baptized unto, which is, the faith of Christ: for I was not baptized his godin the faith of my godfathers, but in the faith of Christ." Chichester:-" St. Augustine saith, that infants are baptized in the faith of respect. their godfathers." fathers in every Philpot:-"St. Augustine yet in so saying meaneth of the faith of Christ, St. Auwhich the godfathers do or ought to believe; and not otherwise." Durham:- -"How say you, will you believe as we do, and all the learned of the realm, or no? and be of one church with us?" Philpot::-"My lords, it is not unknown to you, that there hath been always two churches." per gustine. church church ever join and false Chichester:-"Nay, that is not so: there is but one catholic church." Philpot:-"I shall desire your lordships to hear out my tale, and to take The true my meaning. For I know there is but one true church; but always from the and the beginning there hath been joined to the same true church a false church, adver- false sary to the true and that was declared at the first in Abel and Cain, who secuted and slew his brother, in whom (as St. Augustine witnesseth) is repre- ed togesented the false and true church. And after that, as soon as God had chosen ther. his peculiar people, and showed unto them his sanctuary, holy statutes, and The true will, anon after rose the false church, and ten of the twelve tribes of Israel church divided themselves from the true church of Judah and Benjamin, and made to declared themselves at Bethel and set up golden calves; and yet pretended therewith first in to serve God, and so abused his word. Notwithstanding God was displeased Cain. with them, and ceased not his wrath, until he had utterly destroyed them.” Chichester:-"I will grant you before the coming of Christ, there were two Dr. Day churches in the old law; but in the new law, since Christ's coming, you cannot driven to show it to be so by the Scripture." Philpot:-"Yes, my lord, that I can, if you will give me leave. After Christ (1) "Fides ex auditu, auditus per verbum." (2) St. Augustine's sentiments upon this point occasionally seem rather perplexed; but the testimony in favour of lenient measures is clear, and greatly preponderates. In the passage supposed to be here referred to (contra Gaudent. Donatist. lib. i. cap. 25, § 28), the concluding words must have been overlooked: "qui" (Deus) "eos volentes facit, dum coguntur inviti." In a similar way the following passage has been perverted and mutilated in Dens's Theology (vol. ii. p. 80), and probably by hundreds of other Romish writers and transcribers: " Non ut homines, quod fieri non potest, nolentes credant, sed ut volentes ex nolentibus fiant." (Aug. contra duas Epist. Pelag. lib. i. cap. 37, tom. x. col. 428, edit. 1688.)-ED. (3) Fides est suadenda, et non imponenda." Bernard. in Cant. Ser. 66. [See his Works. Basil, 1552, p. 1045.-ED.] (4) "In fide susceptorum." VOL. VII. (5) Aug. de Civ. Dei, lib. xv. cap. 15. U U Abel and a strait. |