Fage 6 SITUATION and Extent, Boundaries and Area, and Civil Divisions, 5 General Topographical and Statistical Table, Cities and Principal Towns, Post-Towns and Post-Offices, Face GENERAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. ARRANGED UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADS. SITUATION AND EXTENT. BOUNDARIES AND AREA. CIVIL DIVISIONS. GENERAL To. POGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL TABLE. CITIES AND PRINCIPAL TOWNS. POST TOWNS AND POST-OFFICES. FACE OF THE COUNTRY AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION. MOUNTAINS. GEOLOGY. LAKES, RIVERS, AND CREEKS. CLIMATE, SEASONS, AND WINDS. INLAND NAVIGATION AND CANALS. BAYS AND ISLANDS. ROADS, TURNPIKES, AND BRIDGES. SOIL AND AGRICULUTURE. VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL PRODUCTIONS. MINERALOGY: MINERAL WATERS. GOVERNMENT, CONSTITUTION, AND LAWS. FINANCES REVENUE, AND EXPENSES; SCHOOL FUND. MILITARY STRENGTH. FORTIFICATIONS AND FORTS. RELIGION. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. LANGUAGE. LITERATURE AND SCIENCE. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. EDUCATION: SCHOOLS; ACADEMIES; COLLEGES; UNIVERSITY OF NEW-YORK. BOTANIC GARDEN. BANKS. INSURANCE COMPANIES. PROGRESSIVE POPULATION. MANUFACTURES. COMMERCE AND TRADE. SOCIETIES; AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY, BENEVOLENT, &c. STATE PRISON, OR PENITENTIARY. NATURAL CURIOSITIES. INDIANS. HISTORY. SITUATION AND EXTENT. Greatest extent N. & S., 304, 39° 45' & 45°, N. Latitude. 5° 47' w. long. & 47' E. long. from N. York : or 5° 47' w. long. & 2° 10' E. long. with L. Island. BOUNDARIES AND AREA. THE STATE OF NEW-YORK, is bounded southerly on the Atlantic Ocean, an extent of 128 miles right line; E. by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont; N. by Latitude 45°, or Canada line; N. W. by the British possessions in Canada, an extent of 350 miles-the line being the channel of the St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario, Niagara River, and Lake Erie; W. by Pennsylvania, 28 miles; S. by Pennsylvania, 217 miles; S. W. by the Delaware river or Pennsylvania, 58 miles; S. W. by New-Jersey, 46 miles; W. by New-Jersey, or the W. bank of Hudson river. This territory comprises an area of 46,085 square miles, equal to 29,494,720 acres; but this computation includes all the inland rivers and lakes; our half of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence; excluding, only, all the waters below New-York-Island, and that part of the Lakes Ontario and Erie, which belong to this state. This gives 20.8 persons to a square mile. The area of England and Wales, is computed at 49,450 square miles, to each of which the aggregate population gives 192 persons. The area of Scotland, is 27,793 square miles; average population 57. The area of Ireland, 30,373 square miles; average population, 130 to a square mile. CIVIL DIVISIONS. This state is at present divided into 45 Counties, and 452 Towns, including 4 incorporated Cities, New-York, Albany, Hudson and Schenec. tady. Counties and Towns, are tracts of land of various extent,organized for the purposes of civil government. See GOVERNMENT. GENERAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL TABLE. 835 7 5 Martinsburgh, r.o. 170 Plattsburgh V., incorporated.-Champlain, Peru, Cumberland-Head. 34 Hudson City, 600 houses and stores.-Claverack, Clermont, New-Lebanon. 145 Homer V., 45; Port-Watson, 23; Truxton, Virgil. 70 Delhi V.,-Deposit, Franklin, Waterville, Harpersfield. 85 Poughkeepsie V., incorporated, 470 houses, &c.-Rhinebeck, Redhook. 257 Batavia V., 40 houses-Le Roy, Charlotte, Tonewanda. 40 Catskill V., incorporated, 200 houses-Athens V., incorporated, 150 hou. 167 Flatbush, 100 houses-Brooklyn V., incorporated, 400 houses-Bedford. MADISON, MONTGOMERY, 17.25,144 12,204 11 9/Cazenovia, Rome, r.o. 130 Cazenovia V., incorp. 70 houses-Hamilton V., 40-Peterboro' V., 35. 41 Johnstown V., incorp. 120 houses-Cahnawaga, Amsterdam, &c. 160 New-York: Bloomingdale, Greenwich, Haarlem. P.O. P.O. P.O. P.0. E. 41,906 24,4833,684 15 11 Johnstown, S.96,37260,4893,756 1 2 New-York, W 6,132 537 4 7 Buffalo, SWhitestown, P.0. W.33,82822,047 4,175 26 17 W26,072 10,2282,113 13 12 Onondaga, P.0. 149 Onondaga V., or West Hill, 48 houses, &c.-Salina V., 90; Liverpool V., 80. W.42,026 12,584 3,620 24 16 Canandaigua, P.0. 208 Canandaigua V., 140 houses, &c.-Geneva V., 130 h.; Lyons, Palmyra. M. 34,347 29,3552,510 11 12 Newburgh, 110 Goshen V., inc. 50 houses. 95 Newburgh V., inc. 400 houses. New-Windsor, West-Point, Montgomery. 65 Cooperstown, or Otsego V., inc. 115 h. & stores, P.0.-Cherry-Valley, 85h &c. 180 North-Hempstead, or Q. C. H.-Jamaica, Flushing, Newtown, Oyster Bay. 6 Troy V., inc.-Lansingburgh V., inc. 280 houses and stores-Greenbush. 180 Richmond-Signal Hill, Old Town, Fort Hudson. 296 Buffalo V., 95 houses, and 15 stores-Manchester, P. o.-Lewiston, P.o. 97 Utica V., inc. 300 h. Whitesborough V., 100 h. New-Hartford V., 60 h.108 Rome V., 90 houses, stores, &c. Canal, &c. Goshen, P.O. P.0. P.T. W.38,667 1,788 3,506 21 14 Otsego, S. 19,336 16,8931,581 6 7 N. Hempstead, P.o. E36,38830,4423,643 13 8 Troy, S. 5,347 4,563 509 4 NEW-YORK, NIAGARA, E. 10,247 Southfield, M. 7,748 6,358 651 4 5 Clarkstown, 1,030 4 2Schenectady, W16,609 1,174 7 9Ovid, W 7,243 1,788 443 99 Bath, ST. LAWRENCE, W 7,894 888 12 11 Oswegatchie, S21,11319,4642,255 921 Riverhead, M. 6,108 464 7 5Thompson, W. 7,899 7,406 490 9 8Spencer, M.26,576 24,8532,245 13 6Kingston, E44,289 35,5744,079 21 19 Kingsbury, P.0. P.O. 132 Clarkstown, or New-City at R. C. H.-Warren, Tappan, Ramapo. 30 Ballston C. H. V.,-Ballston Spa V., inc. 110 h.-Waterford, inc. 190 h. 15 Schenectady City, population, 5,909-Niskayuna. 26 Schohorie V., 25 houses, &c.-Esperance, 20 h. and stores-Middleburgh. P.O. 205 Ovid-Ithaca, 40 houses. P,0. 245 Bath V., 50 houses-Ark-Port, 40 houses-Dansville. P.T. 212 Ogdensburgh V., 70 houses and stores-Hamilton V., 35-Columbia. P.0. 190 Spencer, or Drakes' Settlement-Newtown. 68 Kingston V., incorporated; population, 1082-Paltz, Hurley. 46 Salem V., incorporated, 70 houses, Salem, WESTCHESTER, S. 30,272 27,4282,318 2111 White-Plains, P.0. Fort-Ann, Glenville. 140 Whiteplains V., Peekskill, Rye, New-Rochelle, Sing Sing. † E. stands for Eastern District, W. for Western, M. for Middle, and S. for Southern. The Counties left blank in this column, have been erected from the others since the Census of 1800. CITIES AND PRINCIPAL TOWNS. New-York, Albany, Hudson and Schenectady, are incorporated as Cities. Besides these, there are many other incorporations of a second degree, denominated Villages. These are such considerable compact settlements, as have local interests to promote, distinct from those of the surrounding inhabitants. See article, GOVERNMENT. The name, and the number of houses in each of these, are given in the General Topographical and Statistical Table; enlarged in that of the respective counties, and described at large under the alphabetical order of their respective names. Other little Villages, unincorporated, are also indicated in the Tables-as are settlements, known by local names, and described under the same order of arrangement. POST-TOWNS, AND POST-OFFICES. In the description of Towns, such as contain Post-Offices, are denominated Post-Towns. And where one town contains several post-offices, these are indicated by their respective names; and, in general, the distance from Albany, or some other noted place, is given in miles, on the nearest or most approved travelling route. It not unfrequently happens, that the post-office or post-offices are known by different names from that of the Town in which they are situated. In the Tables, such Towns as have a single post-office, of the same name as the Town, are marked P. O., in the column of post-offices; if one of the same name, and one other office of a different name, it is marked P. O. 1, and the name of the other, under the column of VILLAGES, REMARKS, &c. has a P. Q., attached to it; if several, they are respectively indicated in the same manner. But if it have no post-office of its own name, and one or more known by different names, the number only, of those, is expressed in the column of post-offices, and their res pective names have each a P. O., attached to them, as above. In the General Topographical and Statistical Table, the number of post-offices in each county, is given in the 7th column; in the 8th, is the official capital of each County. If this town has a post-office of its own name, P. O. is attached to it; if not, but it contain a post-office known by a different name, P. T. is attached to it, to indicate that it is a post town; and the name of the nearest post-office must be sought, either at the right hand, under VILLAGES, &c., or in the County Tables. The 10th column of the General Table, gives the distance of each County Town, from Albany. FACE OF THE COUNTRY; AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION.-No part of the science of Geography is more important than what may be termed the physiognomy of the subjects of general description; and no part is usually more neglected. Mountains, Lakes and Rivers, are strong features, easily impressed on the mind; and without distinct impressions, the study of geography presents but a useless confusion of figures, names, and forgotten and barren details. Looking on the Map, we perceive the general and irregular form of this state. In the S., Nassau, or Long-Island and Staten-Island, give us a great extent of Sea-board; at the N. E. we bound on and comprise one half of Lake Champlain; and at the N. W., bound on and comprise one half of the great St. Lawrence, Lake Ontario, Niagara river, and a small share of Lake Erie. The Hudson is wholly within this state; and opens a ship navigation without impediment, 142 miles; or large sloop navigation, 172; and a small one, as far as the influence of the tide extends, being 170 miles from New-York, or 182 from the Narrows, and 200 from Sandy-Hook. No river of Europe, carries the tide more than 70 miles; and though the Thames be said to be navigable for sloops of 90 tons, 138 miles, it is only rendered so by expensive locks, cuts and canals. The Mohawk opens a boat navigation far into the western region, which is much interspersed with small lakes, and abundantly furnished with rivers and creeks that afford important facilities of inland intercourse and navigation, and abundant conveniences for hydraulic works. Impressed with these general outlines, we shall be able to conceive the prominent features of that diversified surface, that distinguishes the vallies and plains from the adjacent hills and mountains: But the mountains, a stronger feature, will be noticed under a separate article; as will, also, the rivers. Along the Hudson, from the head of Manhattan, or York-Island, the country is broken and uneven to Hudson. In the Highlands, mountainous and very rocky. And though there be extensive plains, and some large alluvial tracts along the rivers and creeks, the whole may be denominated broken and hilly S. of the Mokawk; at least when compared with the extensive western region of this state. From the Mohawk northward, the S. castern part is hilly; and becomes mountainous toward the N., forming |