THE PEQUOD NATION ANNIHILATED.

73

troops embarked at Hartford; sailed down the river and P'T. I. along the coast to Narrangansett Bay. Miantonomoh P'D. III. furnished them two hundred warriors, Uncas sixty. CH. VIII. There were actually embodied of the English, only Route of seventy-seven, of whom twenty, commanded by Cap- troops tain Underhill, were from Massachusetts. Guided by Mason. a Pequod deserter, they reached Mystic, one of the two forts of Sassacus, at dawn of day.

under

5. Their Indian allies showed signs of fear, and Mason arranging them at a distance around the fort, advanced with his own little army. If they fell, there was no second force to defend their state, their wives and helpless children. As they approach, a dog barks, and an Indian sentinel cries out, "Owannox, Owan- May 25,, nox!" the English, the English! They leap within Fort at Mystic the fort. The Indians fight desperately, and victory destroyis doubtful. Mason then seizes and throws a flaming ed. brand, shouting, 66 we must burn them." The light materials of their wigwams were instantly in a blaze. Hemmed in as the Indians now were, escape was impossible; and six hundred,-all who were within the fort, of every sex and age, in one hour perished.

6. The subjects of Sassacus now reproached him as the author of their misfortunes, and to escape destruction, he, with his chief captains fled to the Mohawks; but he was afterwards slain by a revengeful 1637. subject. Three hundred of his warriors, having burn- Pequod ed his remaining fort, fled along the sea-coast. Ma- Fairfield.. son, aided by fresh troops from Massachusetts, pursued the fugitive savages; traced them to a swamp in Fairfield, and there fought and defeated them.

defeat at

The

7. Nearly one thousand of the Pequods were destroyed; many fled, and two hundred, beside women and children, remained as captives. Of these, some, Pequods we are grieved to relate, were sent to the West Indies extinct. and sold into slavery. The remainder were divided between the Narragansetts and the Mohegans.

The two

4. Give a particular account of the armament-their number, -commander, and route. What assistance was received? 5. Describe Mason's arrangements-his approach-and the fate of the Pequods within the fort?-6. Of those remaining? 7. How many were destroyed? What was done with the residue?

74

D. III.

THE FOUNDERS OF NEW HAVEN.

PT.I. Sachems, Uncas and Miantonomoh, between whom was mutual hatred, now engaged to live in peace. CH. VIII. The lands of the Pequods were regarded as conquered territory, and the name of the tribe was declared extinct.

First

8. The prowess of the English had thus put the natives in fear, and a long peace ensued. All the thanks churches in New England commemorated this delivergiving. ance, by keeping a day of common and devout thanksgiving.

Civil

9. The war had fallen heavily upon the colony. Their farming and their finances were deranged, but order and industry restored them. In 1639, they for1639. mally conjoined themselves, to be one state or commonwealth, and adopted a constitution. This ordainment. ed two annual general courts, at one of which, to be held in May, the whole body of freemen should choose a governor, deputy-governor, six magistrates, and other ments. necessary officers.

govern

Its arrange

10. THEOPHILUS EATON and JOHN DAVENPORT, 1637. puritans of much distinction in England, were regardFounded as the founders of the colony of New Haven. Haven. These two friends collected their associates, and ar

ers of N.

rived at Boston, July 26th, 1637. Massachusetts was desirous of securing such settlers, but they preferred a separate establishment; and seeking a commercial Arrival station, they explored the coast, fixed on Quinnipiac, and in 1638, they moored their vessels in its harbor.

at Boston.

11. The company had made some little preparation for the settlement the preceding summer, yet many sufferings were to be endured. The spring was uncommonly backward; their planted corn perished repeatedly in the ground, and they dreaded the utter failure of the crop; but at length they were cheered by warm weather, and surprised by the rapid progress of vegetation.

12. The first Sunday after they arrived, they met

7. With their lands? What two sachems engaged to live in peace?-8. On what occasion was the first New England thanksgiving?-9. When did they adopt a constitution? What can you say of the court held in May ?- 10. Who were the founders of New Haven? Describe their first operations ? - 11. What was the weather, and their prospects for a crop?

THE THEOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE.

75

and worshipped under a large tree, when Mr. Daven- PT. 1. port preached to them concerning the temptations of P'D. III. the wilderness. Not long after, the free planters as- CH. IX. sembled in a large barn belonging to Mr. Newman, April 18, and subscribed, what, in distinction from a church 1638. union, they termed a plantation-covenant.

ment.

13. Under this covenant they continued until the next year, when they formed themselves into a body 1639. politic, and established a form of government. The Governgovernor and magistrates were to hold annually a general court, to regulate the affairs of the colony. Eaton was chosen governor. They purchased their Eaton lands from the natives, and gave to the place the name governor. of NEW HAVEN.

Mr.

CHAPTER IX.

Intolerance of the times.

disturb

1. ANNE HUTCHINSON, a resident of Boston, at this time advanced religious opinions, so entirely at variance with those of the Puritan settlers, that a ❝ great disturbance" arose in the Bay colony. Gov. Vane considered that whether her opinions were true or false, The the she had a right to enjoy them herself, and explain ological them to others. Mr. Cotton, the minister of Boston, and the most celebrated of all the clergy of Massachusetts, was also, at first, inclined to defend Mrs. Hutchinson: but the ministers, generally, regarded her doctrines, not only as false, but, as dangerous to such a degree, that, if let alone, they would overthrow both church and state.

2. In this extremity, a synod of ministers was assembled at Boston. Mr. Davenport had opportunely

12. Where did they worship on the first Sunday? Where enter into the plantation-covenant? -13. What political arrangements did they make the next year?

CHAPTER IX.-1. What caused a disturbance in the colony? What was Gov. Vane's view of the case? What that of the clergy generally? - 2. What assemblage was held at Boston ?

ance.

76

THE FIRST UNIVERSITY OF THE NEW WORLD. P'T. I. arrived from London, and Mr. Hooker, desirous to preP'D. III. pare minds for political as well as religious union, reCH. IX. crossed the wilderness from Hartford. Mrs. HutchinMrs. H. son's opinions were unanimously condemned by the synod; and herself, and the most determined of her adherents were banished.

banished.

3. The unfortunate woman, excommunicated from the church, became an outcast from a society, which 1638, had but now followed and flattered her. She went to first to Rhode Island, to join the settlement, which her 1643. followers had there made. From thence, she removed Mrs. H. with her family to the state of New York, where she destroymet death in its most appalling form; that of an Indian midnight massacre.

ed,

Mass. be

4. Some of the earliest cares of the Puritan fathers, were to provide the means of instruction for their children. At the general court in September, 1630, the 1630. sum of four hundred pounds was voted to commence gins a a college building, at Newtown, now called Camcollege. bridge. In 1638, Mr. John Harvard, a pious divine 1638. from England, dying at Charlestown, left to the college Mr. Har a bequest of nearly eight hundred pounds; and grativard's tude bequest. perpetuated his name in that of the institution. All the several colonies cherished the infant seminary, by contributions; regarding it as a nursery, from which the church and state, were to be replenished with qualified leaders.

Follow

5. RHODE ISLAND. The most respectable of the banished followers of Mrs. Hutchinson went south, 1638. headed by WILLIAM CODDINGTON and JOHN Clarke. ers of The latter had been persecuted as a baptist. By the Mrs. H. influence of Roger Williams, they obtained from MiR. I. antonomoh the noble gift of the island of Aquetneck,

obtain

called RHODE ISLAND, on account of its beauty and fertility. Here they established a government, on the principles of political equality and religious toleration. Coddington was made chief magistrate.

2. What was done in regard to Mrs. Hutchinson ?-3. What became of her? -4. What was done in regard to the education of the young? Who was John Harvard? For what is he remembered?-5. Who gave away the island of Aquetneck? To whom? What name was given to it? On what principles was government established?

NEW HAMPSHIRE-DELAWARE.

77

P'D. III.

CH. IX.

6. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Another portion of the dis- PT. I. ciples of Mrs. Hutchinson, headed by her brother-inlaw, Mr. Wheelright, went north; and, in the valley of the Piscataqua, founded Exeter. It was within a 1629. tract of country lying between that river and the Mer- Mr. rimac, which Wheelright claimed by virtue of a pur- right's chase made of the Indians. This claim interfered with Indian that conveyed by patent to Mason and Gorges, and patent. was accordingly disputed.

Wheel

New

7. In the meantime, small, independent settlements, were made along the water courses, by emigrants from Massachusetts and the other colonies; but they did not flourish, for they imprudently neglected the culture of 1641. their lands, present necessities being scantily supplied Hampby fish and game. In 1641, these settlements, induced shire setby a sense of their weakness, petitioned Massachusetts to receive them under its jurisdiction. The general court granted their request, and they were incorporated with that colony.

tlements.

The

8. DELAWARE. While the other sovereigns of western Europe were extending their dominions by colonizing America, Gustavus Adolphus, the hero of his 1627. age, sent over a number of his subjects from Sweden and Finland. They settled on the east side of the Dela- and Fins. ware, calling that river Swedeland stream, and the country, New Sweden.

Swedes

9. In 1629, the Dutch purchased a tract of land on the west side of the same river, near Cape Henlopen. 1629. This nation, as well as the Swedes, claiming the coun- Dutch. try, dissentions afterwards arose among the settlers.

6. Who founded Exeter? Where is it? What claim had Mr. Wheelright to the land? Who disputed his claim?-7. What further may be said of New Hampshire at this early day?-8. What eminent person sent over a colony to America? Where did the Swedes and Fins settle ?-9. Was there a settlement of the Dutch near?

G2

The