148 P'D. III. FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN GEORGIA. PT. II. 3. The company arrived at Yamacraw Bluff, afterwards Savannah, on the first of February, 1733. Here Oglethorpe built a fort. His next care was to have a Feb. 1. good understanding with his neighbors, the powerful 1733. chiefs of the Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws, and ChickOgleasaws. Oglethorpe invited them to meet him in a arrives. general council at Savannah. By means of an interCouncil preter, he made them the most friendly professions, of chiefs. which they reciprocated; and these amicable dispositions passed into a solemn treaty. thorpe 4. Georgia was soon increased by five or six hundred emigrants; but most were idle, and many vicious. 30 acres In order to procure a more efficient population, eleven given to townships of 20,000 acres each, were laid out on the settler. Savannah, Altamaha, and Santee rivers, and divided into lots of fifty acres each. One of these was to be given to every actual settler. Scotch 5. This arrangement proved so attractive, that a large number of emigrants soon arrived. Highlanders, and from Scotland, built the town of Inverness, afterwards Darien, on the Altamaha; and Germans, a town which they called Ebenezer, on the Savannah. Germans. 6. The charter granted to the trustees of Georgia, vested in them, powers of legislation for twenty-one 1736. years; and they now proceeded to establish regulations Civil for the government of the province, in which the intement. rests of humanity were regarded, more than those of trade. govern Og builds 7. In 1736, Oglethorpe erected three forts, one on the Savannah, at Augusta; another called Frederica, in the vicinity of the Scotch settlement on the island of 3 forts. St. Simons; and a third, named Fort William, on Cumberland island. The Spaniards remonstrated, and insisted on the evacuation of the country, as far as the thirty-third degree of north latitude. 3. Where and when did the company arrive? What was first done? What was Oglethorpe's next care? What powerful nations sent their chiefs to the council? What was done at the council?-4. How was the settlement increased? What was done to procure a more efficient population? -5. What effect had this arrangement? What town was built by Scotch Highlanders? What by Germans? 6. What was done in relation to government?-7. What three forts did Oglethorpe next build? What ground was taken by the Spaniards? OGLETHORPE. 149 8. Oglethorpe about this time returned to England. P’t. II. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the British P'D. III. forces in Carolina and Georgia, and sent back with a regiment of six hundred men. CH. I. unsuc 9. England, having declared war, Oglethorpe twice invaded Florida. His second expedition proved wholly 1740 Og. is unsuccessful, and produced the unfortunate results of an increase of the public debt, and a temporary distrust cessful.. between the people and their general. The same year, Charleston, in South Carolina, was destroyed by fire. To relieve the sufferers, the British parliament gener- burned. ously voted £20,000. Charles ton invaded 10. In May, 1742, a fleet was sent from Havanna, from which, debarked a Spanish army at St. Simons. 1742 Oglethorpe had collected troops and posted himself at June. Frederica. He was not in sufficient force openly to Georgia attack the enemy; but was himself attacked by a by the Spanparty of Spaniards. His troops, particularly the High-ards. landers, under Captain McIntosh, fought bravely— repulsed, and slew two hundred of the enemy at "the Bloody Marsh." gem them 11. Oglethorpe next attempted to surprise the invaders, by marching to attack their camp in the night. A traitor, who discharged his gun, and then ran into the Spanish lines, defeated his plan. But Oglethorpe A stratamade the Spaniards believe, by a stratagem, that the makes soldier was sent to them by him, to advise them to remain. Some ships from South Carolina appearing in sight, the Spaniards thought they were going to fall into a trap; and they embarked in such haste, that their artillery, provisions, and military stores, fell into the hands of the Georgians. retire. ter of 12. Georgia, in its early settlement, was distin- Charac guished by the peculiar humanity in which it was Oglefounded. Oglethorpe "sought not himself, but others;" thorpe. 1 8. What appointment had Oglethorpe ? 9. What two expeditions did he undertake? What bad results occurred? What misfortune happened to Charleston ? What generous act is recorded here? 10. Give an account of the Spanish invasion? Who repulsed the Spaniards?-11. By what stratagem were they induced to retire?-12. What was the conduct of Oglethorpe ? 150 THE OLD FRENCH WAR. PT. II. and, for ten years, he gave his disinterested services, without claiming so much as a cottage or a farm. P'D. III. Whit the two 13. The eloquent Whitfield, with the two Wesleys, the three founders of the sect of Methodists, sympafield and thized with Oglethorpe in his benevolence; and each Wes spent some time in America, assisting him in his enleys. terprise. Whitfield founded, near Savannah, a house for orphans. In 1752, the Trustees, wearied with a of troublesome and profitless charge, resigned their office, Georgia. and Georgia became a royal province. Trustees 14. Louisiana, after having been for fourteen years, under a company of avaricious speculators, formed at Paris, reverted to the French monarch; and Bienville was appointed governor. He found the Chickasaws very troublesome, as they favored the English, rather 1732. than the French. The Natchez, under their influence, The had committed murders, for which the whites had de- wholly destroyed them. Bienville ascended the Tomstroyed. bechee to attack the Chickasaws. He was to be aided Natchez The Chicka- by a French army from the Illinois. saws de- and the Chickasaws destroyed them. stroy a They came first, French arrived, he found the Indians more than a match for army. his force, and immediately retired down the stream. CHAPTER II. Old French War.-Capture of Louisburg.-French and English claims to the Basin of the Mississippi. 1. IN 1744, war was again proclaimed between England and France. Louisburg, the capital of the island of Cape Breton, had been fortified with great care and expense, and was called, from its strength, the Dunkirk of America; while, from its position, it com 13. What eminent ministers of the gospel were with him? What change was made in 1752 ?-14. Ünder whom had Louisiana been? To whom did it revert? Whom did he appoint? Give an account of the attack upon the Chickasaws, and its result. CHAPTER II.-1. In what year was the "Old French War?" What can you say of Louisburg? PEACE OF AIX LA CHAPELLE. 151 manded the navigation of the St. Lawrence, and the P'T. II. fisheries of the adjoining seas. P'D. III. A secret betrayed 2. Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts, now medi- CH. II. tated an attack on this fortress. He laid open his designs to the general court of the colony, under an oath of secrecy. The plan being thought too great, too hazardous, and too expensive, it was apparently abandoned; but an honest member, who performed the family devotions at his lodgings, inadvertently discovered the secret, by praying for the divine blessing on the attempt. Forces com 3. The people approving the project, with which they became thus accidentally acquainted, were clamorous in its support. It was revived by the court, and after a long deliberation, the vote in its favor was car- 1745. ried by a single voice. Troops were immediately raised by Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire, manded to aid those of Massachusetts. The command of these Pepperforces was given to Colonel William Pepperell, a merchant of Maine, who sailed on the 25th of March, and arrived at Casco on the 4th of April. by Col. ell. 16, a feat. 4. A British naval force, under Admiral Warren, From having been applied to, joined the armament; and the April 30, whole arrived at Chapeau Rouge Bay, on the 30th of to June April. By a series of the most unprecedented good great luck, and by almost incredible exertions, the fortress was taken, and with it the whole island of Cape Breton. 5. Peace was proclaimed in 1748, and a treaty, signed at Aix la Chapelle, by commissioners from Enggland, France, and Spain, the basis of which was the 1748. mutual restoration of all places taken during the war: Peace of and Louisburg, to the grief and mortification of the Chapelle. colonies, reverted to the French. Its capture, had, however, done credit to their military prowess; as it had been, by far, the most brilliant exploit of the entire war. 2. What plan was formed by Governor Shirley? What did he in reference to it? How did the general court receive it? How did it come to the knowledge of the people? -3. What did they think of it? What was finally done by the court? From what states was an army raised? Who commanded? 4. What naval force joined them? What was the result of the combined effort?-5. On what basis was peace made at Aix la Chapelle ? Aix la 152 P'T. II. P'D. III. CONFLICTING CLAIMS. 6. The blood and treasure of the many, had again been spent without result, and peace was concluded CH. II. without a proper settlement of differences. This was Did not especially the case in regard to the American claims settle of the contracting powers. differences. Extent of as stated French 7. The French laid claim to all the lands occupied by the waters flowing into the St. Lawrence and the New Lakes; and all watered by the Mississippi and its France, branches; and, in the west, and on the north, they by were erecting fortresses, with an intent to unite and command the whole of this vast territory. phers. 8. The British, on the other hand, asserted a right to the entire country, as may be seen by their early claim the patents, to which they gave an extension from the same ter- Atlantic to the Pacific. These conflicting claims, it ritory. was clearly foreseen, must soon lead to another war. geogra British 9. A number of gentlemen, mostly in Virginia, of whom Lawrence Washington was one, procured in 1750. 1650, an act of the British parliament, constituting company them "the Ohio Company," and granting them six formed. hundred thousand acres of land, on, or near, the Ohio Ohio of the river. They caused the tract to be surveyed, and opened a trade with the Indians in the vicinity. 10. This becoming known to the French, the govHostile ernor of Canada complained to the authorities of New measures York and Pennsylvania, threatening to seize their traFrench. ders, if they did not quit the territory. Several of their number were accordingly taken, and carried to the French fort at Presque Isle. Gov. Dinwiddie 11. Dinwiddie, the governor of Virginia, alarmed at these movements on the part of the French, had sent a trader them as a spy, who returning, inamong alarmed, creased his fears, by vague accounts of the French posts near Lake Erie, without gratifying his curiosity as to the number or object of their forces. 6. Were these subjects of differences remaining unsettled? 7. What part of America was claimed by France? What were they doing to unite and command this territory ?-8. What was claimed by the British? Was there any prospect of a peaceable settlement of these differences? -9. Who were the Ohio Company? What grant had they? What did they do in reference to it?-10. What course did the French take?-11. Who was governor of Virginia? What report was brought to him? |