rich. Justice pervades thy borders', and is found alike by the noble' and the ignoble'. Law sits supreme on her throne', and the sword is her servant'. Lovely art thou', O peace'! and lovely is thy voice in all the land`. cts. PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN BARTER. LESSON. 19. (4) B gave 750 lbs of tea, at $1.08 a lb, for sugar at 8 cts. a lb; how much did he receive? Ans. 90 cwt. 1-17. (5) C has flannel at 50 cts. a yd. cash, but in barter, 56 D has muslin worth 31 1-4 cts. a yd. cash; how must he sell it a yd. to meet C's barter price? Ans. 35 cts. (7) E has 17 cwt. hams at 13 1-2 cts. a lb. G has 1200 lbs. of cheese at 14 cts. albs. which receives money on the exchange? Ans. E $107.04. (7) B gave 2 hds of peach brandy at 75 cts. per gallon, for 56 yds of cloth, what was it a yd? Ans. $1.68 3-4. (8) H has 1286 yds. of linen, at 43 cts. a yd. which he barters with A for 265 lbs. of chocolate and $515.88 in cash; what was the chocolate a lb? Ans. 14 1-2 cts. nearly. (9) L has 2108 lbs of flax, at 10 cts. a lb. and 31 doz. of eggs at 11 1-2 cts a doz. which he sells for $135.25 in cash and the balance in salt at $1.58 a bbl. how much salt did he get? Ans. 50 bbls. (10) B. bought of D 105 tons of iron at 100.03 a ton, and paid in cash $650, 250 lbs. of leather at 20 cts. a lb. 150 bu. coal at 45 cts. a bu. 85 gal. of brandy at $75 a hhd. and the bal. in coffee at 30 cts. a lb. how much coffee paid the balance? Ans. 615 lbs. nearly. FALSE SYNTAX.-LESSON 20. RULE 22. When a noun or pronoun is used before the present participle, and has reference to no verb, it is in the nominative case absolute. As, the boy, being hurt, the people sent for a coach. Him being lost, this consequence will follow. This sentence is faulty, for the pronoun him, has the objective form, and yet stands before the present participle, independent of the sentence, in violation of rule 22d, therefore, him, should be he. Thus:-He being lost, this consequence will fol low. Whose grey top shall tremble, him being destroyed. Her having lost the sense of shame, virtue was held at a cheap rate. Him only being excepted, who was a much greater man than Solomon. OBS. Some times the present participle is omitted and the noun or pronoun appears to come before the past participle only. As, he taken, victory is ours: that is, he being taken, victory is ours. Him only excepted who was a wiser man than Solomon. Him taken, victory is ours. ĕgz-hib'it com-mis-sion kom-mish'shun ex-hib-it com-mit-tee kom-mit'tē ex-is-tence com-mix-ion ĕgz-is'tense ĕks-plís-it ĕks-sik kate ěks-tink'shun ěks-ting'gwish ěks-trinʼsik făk-tish'us con-sid-er kön-sid'ur ex-trin-sic con-sis-tence kon-sis'tense fac-ti-tious con-tin-gent kön-tin'jént fa-mil-iar fă-mil'yǎr con-tin-ue kön-ti/ü fla-ge-tious fla-jaish'us PEACE AND WAR, CONTINUED.-LESSON 22. WAR. 1. Terrible art thou', O war'! and terrible is thy voice in the land;-terrible are thy bannered hosts', and gory are thy footsteps on the ragged turf of the tented field. Thy votaries pass like the hurricane', and like an army of locusts they devour the earth. The honours of the grove are fallen, the hearth of the cottage is cold`, the village is wrapped in flames', and smoking ruins bestrew the dessolate plain`. 2. Man looks on his fellow man with wild dismay`; for the fruit of the toil of his years', is swept from his view', and in the evening of his days he is left desolate". The temple of his God', is profaned`, the soldier's curse resounds in the house of prayer, the marble isle is tramped by iron hoofs', and a troop of horse', neigh beside the altar`. 3. Law and order, are forgotten'; violence and rapine are abroad, and the golden cords of society', are loosed`. Here, are the shrieks of wo', and the cry of anguish; there, is suppressed indignation', bursting the heart in silent despair. 4. Look at that youth;-be is the first born of maiden beauty--and yesterday', he bounded like the roebuck, and glowed like the summer fruit;-active in sports', and strong in labour. He has passed in a moment to decrepit old age". He is more infirm than his grandsire, on whose bald head have descended the snows of eighty winters:--but his were the snows of nature`; the youth's are the ravages of war`. 5. Things unholy and unclean', come abroad from their Jurking places', and deeds of darkness are perpetrated in the face of broad-eyed day`. The ear of maiden delicacy, no longer feels a shock at the tale of outrage', and her eyes have grown familiar with sights of abomination. The sacred, soothing rites of burial', are denied', and human bones are thrown by human hands a human heads`. 6. These are the things which Providence has set before thee'. hild of reason',-son of woman', wilt thou have peace', or war; cursing, or blessing? To which doth thine heart incline thee? Choose ye this day, the portion of thy life`. LOSS AND GAIN. LESSON 23. NOTE. Loss and gain furnishes a mo e o computing the loss sustained or profit gained upon the purchase and sa e of property. RULE 1. Find the value of the property in question, at the prime cost. 2. Find its value at the price of sale, and the difference will show the loss or gain. Thus :— (1) B bought 50 yds. of cloth at 50 cents a yard, and sold it again for 56 1-4 cents a yard:what did he gain? 1 50 X 50 25.00 prime value. 50X5625= 28.1250 amt. of sale. and 28.1250-2500-$ 3.125 Ans. (2) B bought 150 yds. at $3.75, and sold at $3.90:—what did he gain? Ans. $22.50. OBS. 1. The difference between the buying and selling price, multiplied by the quantity, will give the loss or gain. (3) B bought wheat at 75 cts. a bu. and sold the same for 91 cents a bu. :-what did he gain on 2400 bu.? 91-75-19X2400 $456.00 Ans. OBS. 2. When the gain or loss is a given rate per cent. on the amt. of purchase or sale. RULE 1. Find the gain or loss as above. Then 2. As the prime cost is to 100, so is the gain or loss to the required per cent. Thus :- (4) B sold tobacco for 20 cts. a lb. which cost him 16 cts.: what did he gain per cent.? 20-16.04 gain. Then, as 16: 100 :: 04:25; for 100X.04-16=.25 pr. ct. A bought 150 bu. corn at 50 cts. a bu. and sold at 45 a bu.: at what rate per cent. did he lose? Ans. 10 per cent. FALSE SYNTAX.-LESSON 24, RULE 23. The verb in the infinitive mood, may be used independently of the rest of the sentence. It is then styled the infinitive mood absolute. As, to be plain, he left his work undone. Oвs. The nominative case independent, the nominative case absolute, and the infinitive mood absolute, must not be confounded They present totally different features, and, with a little observation, may be readily distinguished. Joseph, help the man to a chair. Here the noun, Joseph, is applied in the form of an address, and has no grammatical relation with any word in the sentence, but stands independent ⚫n what follows. Hence, it is distinguished by the phrase, nominative case independent. Joseph being ill, they sent for the doctor. In this example, the noun, Joseph, is used before the present participle, and has no relation with the parts which form the sentence. styled the nominative case absolute. This is To confess the truth, I suspected Joseph's motives. The phrase, to confess the truth, has no grammatical relation with the sentence that follows;-this therefore is styled the infinitive mood obsolute. Strictly speaking, case has nothing to do with either of the foregoing forms of speech. SPELLING.-LESSON 25. im-bit-ter im-bit'tur pa-vil-ion pă-vil'yun im-plic-it im-plis'it per-di-tion pĕr-dish'un in-pres-sion Im-prěsh'un per-fid-ious in-flec-tion in-flek'shun per-mis-sion pĕr-fid'yus pĕr-mish'un in-fringe-ment in-frinje'ment per-ni-cious per-nish'us in-i-tials in-ish'ălz per-sis-tance pĕr-sis'tănse in-scrip-tion in-skrip'shun pe-ti-tion pē-tish'un in-sip-id in-sip/pid phy-si-cian fe-zish'ăn in-stinc-tive pō-zish'un in-trin-sic prē-sizh ́un ju-di-cial jū-dish'al pre-dic-tion pré-dik'shun ju-di-cious jū-dish-us pre-fix-ion pré-fiks'yun li-tig-ious lě-tij'us pro-dig-ious prō-dij'us pro-fi-cient pro-fish'ent 1. We took the same journey', says father Sicard', which the children Israel pursued in their departure from Egypt', |