lessen the clamour this had raised, yet the King did not stick openly to condemn it as both un-christian and unpolitic. He took pains to clear the Jesuits of it, and laid the blame of it chiefly on the King, onMadame de Maintenon, and the Archbishop of Paris. He spoke often of it with such vehemence, that there seemed to be an affectation in it. He did more. He was very kind to the refugees. He was liberal to many of them. He ordered a brief for a charitable collection over the nation for them all; upon which great sums were sent in. They were deposited in good hands, and well distributed. The King also ordered them to be denised without paying fees, and gave them great immunities. So that in all there came over, first to last, between forty and fifty thousand of that nation.' (Hist. of Own Time, i. 664.)

1. 906. Here begins the fable of the Pigeons and the Buzzard, the second episode of the poem. The Buzzard is Dr. Burnet, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, whom the pigeons or doves, the clergy of the Church of England, choose for their king. The 'plain good man, whose name is understood,' is James II. See note on Absalom and Achitophel, 1. 253.

1. 941. the fabric where he prayed is James II's Roman Catholic chapel at Whitehall.

1. 946. A sort of Doves. sort means 'number.'

'As when a sort of wolves infect the night

With their wild howlings at fair Cynthia's light.'

Waller's Poems, p. 314, ed. 1705.

1. 975. Here starved is printed in the original and early editions, though rhyming with served. See note on line 749, where it is sterved, rhyming with deserved.

1. 991. crops impure. crops, which is the word of the original editions, was changed by Broughton into corps, and this has been copied by succeeding editors, who print corpse, as Scott. Corpse, singular, is clearly inappropriate. Crops is evidently the right word.

1. 995. his poor domestic poultry. James II's Roman Catholic priests. 1. 1006. The bird that warned St. Peter of his fall. The cock,' says Scott, 'is made an emblem of the regular clergy of Rome, on account of their nocturnal devotions and matins.'

1. 1024. And sister Partlett, with her hooded head: this is the nun. 1. 1056. No Holland emblem could that malice mend. The Dutch were famous for emblems and pictures. In Prior and Montague's parody there is a reference to this hit at the Dutch. Mr. Bayes is made to boast of his drawings. 'Oh Lord! nothing at all. I could design twenty of 'em in an hour, if I had but witty fellows about me to draw 'em. I was proffered a pension to go into Holland and continue these emblems; but hang 'em, they are dull rogues and would spoil my invention.'

1. 1065. The birds of Venus, the Doves; and the phrase was doubtless intended to convey a reflection on the Church of England clergy. 1. 1074. The lay, i. e. the lay members of the House of Lords.

* 11. 1093, 94. This couplet is a free translation of two Greek lines: Ὅταν δὲ δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακὰ

Τὸν νοῦν ἔβλαψε πρῶτον ᾧ βουλεύεται,

attributed to Euripides, but really cited by the Scholiast in commenting on a passage of the Antigone of Sophocles. Barnes in his edition of Euripides paraphrases them in his Index by the following line :

'Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat.'

See a letter by the Rev. Edward Marshall, Literary Churchman, March 25, 1887.

1. 1119. The musquet is the male of the sparrow-hawk; the coystrel (or kestrel), according to Johnson, is 'a species of degenerate hawk.' 1. 1174. A Greek and bountiful, forewarns us twice. Compare

'Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.' Virg. Aen. ii. 49.

11. 1179-82. This denunciation against Burnet is supposed to refer to evidence given by him in 1675 before a committee of the House of Commons, revealing private conversations of the Duke of Lauderdale with himself, to the effect that he wished the Presbyterians in Scotland would rebel, that he might bring over the French papists to cut their throats.

1. 1188. And runs an Indian muck at all he meets. Dryden here takes a great liberty with the phrase 'run amuck,' which is of Malay origin, and has no connexion with our word muck. Scott, in his note on this passage, has the following: To run a-muck is a phrase derived from a practice of the Malays. When one of this nation has lost his whole substance by gaming, or sustained any other great and unsupportable calamity, he intoxicates himself with opium, and having dishevelled his hair, rushes into the streets, crying Amocca or Kill, and stabbing every one whom he meets with his creeze, until he is cut down, or shot like a mad dog.'

1. 1192. Captain of the Test. Burnet was at this time carrying on a controversy with Parker, Bishop of Oxford, who had proposed the abrogation of the Test. This probably is why this name is given to Burnet.

11. 1257, 58. The reference in this couplet is to Genesis xlix. 10: 'The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh come.'

1. 1260. Like Dionysius to a private rod. Dionysius, the tyrant of Syracuse, became, after he was deposed, a schoolmaster at Corinth.

1. 1268. the smiths of their own foolish fate. A translation from the Latin, in a passage quoted from Appius in a piece ascribed to Sallust,

Epistola ad Caesarem de Republica Ordinanda, i. I: 'Res docuit id verum esse quod in carminibus Appius ait, fabrum esse quemque fortunae suae.'

*1. 1278. Two Czars. Peter the Great and his brother Ivan were joint sovereigns of Russia from 1682. In 1689 Peter deposed his brother and made himself sole ruler.

1. 1283. Bare benting times, times when the pigeons have no food but bent, a coarse grass.

'The pigeon never knoweth woe

Until she doth a benting go.'

(Old proverb, quoted in Latham's edition of Johnson's Dictionary.) The word bent is rare. Browning uses it:

'For the rabbit that robs scarce a blade or a bent.'

GLOSSARY.

O. C. refers to the Stanzas on the death of Oliver Cromwell; A. R. to Astræa Redux; A. M. to Annus Mirabilis; A. A. to Absalom and Achitophel; R. L. to Religio Laici; and H. P, to The Hind and the Panther.

The numbers after O. C. and A. M. refer to the stanzas; in the other cases to lines of the poems.

A.

Abate, v. i. lessen, abate of virulence.' Preface to R. L.
Abbethdin, sb. chief judge among the Jews. A. A. 188.
Admire, v. i. wonder. H. P. iii. 388.

Affect, v. t. seek, desire. A. M. 273; A. A. 177.
Affright, sb. fear. A. A. 71.

Alga, sb. sea-weed. A. R. 119.

Allay, sb. alloy. H. P. i. 320.

Allude, v. i. compare. H. P. iii. 366.

Amain, adv. vehemently. H. P. iii. 620.

Antique, adj. strange, grotesque. H. P. iii. 488.

Armado, sb. army, A. M. 14.

Arose, p. p. arisen. O. C. 36.

Assay, v. t. try, essay. O. C. 12; H. P. iii. 796.

Atone, v. t. reconcile, harmonise, A. A. 179: used intransitively, R. L. 89. Auctority, sb. authority. H. P. i. 453, ii. 276. Elsewhere authority. Auspice, sb. patronage. A. M. 288.

Authentic, adj. authoritative, authorised. O. C. 2; H. P. iii. 838; Pref. to R. L.

B.

Bad, v. perfect of bid, ordered. H. P. i. 531.

Benting, adj. benting times,' times when pigeons feed on bent, a coarse grass. H. P. iii. 1283.

Big-corned, adj. big-grained, 'big-corned powder.' A. M. 149.

Bilander, sb. coasting vessel. H. P. i. 128.

Blatant, adj. howling, barking. H. P. iii. 230.

Bleaky, adj. bleak. H. P. iii. 612.