An Elementary Treatise on Hydromechanics: With Numerous Examples

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D. Van Nostrand, 1885 - 298 Seiten
 

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Free Surface of a Liquid at Rest
13
Common Surface of Two Fluids
15
Two Fluids in a Bent Tube
16
Pressure on Planes
17
The Whole Pressure
18
Centre of Pressure
21
Embankments
27
Embankment when the Face on the Water Side is Slanting
29
Pressure upon Both Sides of a Surface
33
Rotating Liquid
35
Pressure at any Point of a Rotating Liquid
37
Strength of Pipes and Boilers
39
Examples
42
CHAPTER II
50
Conditions of Equilibrium of an Immersed Solid
52
Depth of Flotation
54
Stability of Equilibrium
57
Position of the Metacentre Measure of Stability
60
Specific Gravity
66
The Standard Temperature
67
Methods of Finding Specific Gravity
69
Specific Gravity of a Solid Broken into Fragments
72
Specific Gravity of Air
73
Weights of the Components of a Mechanical Mixture
75
The Hydrostatic Balance
76
The Common Hydrometer
77
Sikess Hydrometer
78
Nicholsons Hydrometer
79
Examples
80
CHAPTER III
88
Pressure of the Atmosphere
89
Weight of the Air
90
The Barometer
91
The Mean Barometric Height
92
Manometers
93
The Atmospheric Pressure on a Square Inch
94
Boyle and Mariottes Law
95
Effect of Heat on Gases
98
ThermometersFahrenheit Centigrade Reaumur
99
Comparison of the Scales of these Thermometers
100
Expansion of Mercury
101
Pressure Temperature and Density
103
Absolute Temperature
105
ART PAGE 56 The Pressure of a Mixture of Gases
106
Mixture of Equal Volumes of Gases
107
Mixture of Unequal Volumes of Gases
108
Formation of Vapor Saturation
109
Volume of Atmospheric Air without its Vapor
110
Formation of Dewthe Dew Point
112
Effect of Compression or Dilatation on Temperature
113
Thermal CapacityUnit of HeatSpecific Heat
115
Specific Heat at a Constant Pressure and at a Constant Volume
116
Sudden Compression of a Mass of Air
118
Mass of the Earths Atmosphere
120
Necessary Limit to the Height of the Atmosphere
121
Decrease of Density of the Atmosphere
122
Heights Determined by the Barometer
124
Table of Specific Gravities
130
Examples
131
PART II
136
Velocity of Efflux
137
The Horizontal Range
140
Time of Discharge when the Height is Constant
141
ART PAGE 79 Time of Emptying any Vessel
142
Time of Emptying a Cylinder into a Vacuum
144
Time of Emptying a Paraboloid
145
Orifice in the Side of a Conical Vessel
146
Velocity of Efflux through an Orifice in the Bottom
147
Rectangular Orifice in the Side of a Vessel
149
Triangular Orifice in the Side of a Vessel
151
Coefficient of Resistance
167
Resistance and Pressure of Fluids
170
Work and Pressure of a Stream of Water
172
Impact against any Surface of Revolution
174
Oblique Impact
178
Maximum Work done by the Impulse
180
Examples
181
CHAPTER II
185
Motion of Water in Pipes
186
Uniform Pipe connecting Two Reservoirs
188
Coefficient of Friction for Pipes
191
The Quantity Discharged from Pipes
194
The Diameter of Pipes
197
Sudden Enlargement of Section
199
Sudden Contraction of Section
201
Elbows
204
Bends
206
111a Equivalent Pipes
207
Discharge Diminishing Uniformly
208
ART PAGE 112 General Formula for all the Resistances
209
Flow of Water in Rivers and Canals
211
Different Velocities in a CrossSection
212
Transverse Section of the Stream
215
Mean Velocity
216
Processes for Gauging Streams
218
Most Economical Form of Transverse Section
221
Trapezoidal Section of Least Resistance
222
Uniform Motion
224
Coefficients of Friction
226
Variable Motion
228
Bottom Velocity at which Scour Commences
232
Transporting Power of Water
233
Back Water
235
River Bends
236
Examples
237
CHAPTER III
242
Velocity of Efflux of Air according to Mariottes Law
244
Efflux of Moving Air
247
Coefficient of Efflux
249
The Quantity Discharged
250
Coefficient of Friction of Air
251
Motion of Air in Long Pipes
252
Law of the Expansion of Steam
254
Work of Expansion of Steam
256
Work of Steam at Efflux
257
Work of Steam in the Expansive Engine
259
Examples
260
CHAPTER IV
263
ᎪᎡᎢ PAGE 141 The Siphon
264
The Diving Bell
266
The Common Pump Suction Pump
268
Tension of the PistonRod
270
Height through which Water Rises in One Stroke
271
The Lifting Pump
273
The Forcing Pump
274
The Fire Engine
276
Hawksbees Air Pump
277
Smeatons AirPump
279
The Hydraulic Ram
280
Work of Water Wheels
282
Work of Overshot Wheels
283
Work of Breast Wheels
284
Work of Undershot Wheels
285
Work of the Poncelet Water Wheel
286
The Reaction Wheel Barkers Mill
288
The Centrifugal Pump
290
Turbines
292
Examples
294
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Seite 66 - SPECIFIC GRAVITY. THE Specific Gravity of a body, is the ratio of its weight to the weight of an equal volume of some other body assumed as a standard.
Seite 30 - ... is equal to the area of the surface, and altitude equal to the depth of the centre of gravity of the surface below the surface of the fluid.
Seite 275 - The resistance which is opposed to a pump rod in raising water, is ~equal to the weight of a column of water whose base is the area of the piston, and...
Seite 271 - ... feet. To ascertain the force necessary to work this pump, we are to consider that the piston lifts a column of water whose base is the area of the piston; and height the distance between the level of the water in the well and the spout, at which the water is delivered.
Seite 50 - He first established the truth, that a body plunged in a fluid loses as much of its weight as is equal to the weight of an equal volume of the fluid!
Seite 30 - EB ; ic, the pressure exerted by a fluid in any direction upon a surface is equal to the weight of a column of the fluid, whose base is the...
Seite 77 - ... (The weight of a floating body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced.) MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES.
Seite 177 - Hence the total pressure upon the side of a vessel containing water will be equal to the weight of a column of water whose base is equal to the area of...
Seite 130 - ... kind is given in Lindenau's Barometric Tables, constructed on the supposition that the temperature diminishes in harmonic progression through a series of heights increasing in arithmetic progression. It must also be noticed that we have assumed the temperature of the mercury in the barometer to be the same as that of the air surrounding it; but in some cases, as for instance when observations are made in a balloon, the barometer may not remain long enough in the same place to acquire the temperature...

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