EXPLANATION

OF

THE MAP OF THE RACES OF MAN.

The numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and different shadings, indicate, respectively, the local positions of the Caucasian, Mongolian, Ethiopian, American, and Malay races. a a point out the Semitic race, both in Syria, Arabia, and in North Africa, Abyssinia and Nubia; b is the Circassian, Georgian, and Persian; c the Afghans and Hindoos, forming the Indian varieties of the Caucasian Race; dd is the Mexican, Brazilian, Peruvian mixed races of Spaniards and American Indians; e is the PapuanNegro races of New Guinea, New Hebrides, New Caledonia; fis the Finns and Lapps; g the Ugrians, &c.; h Esquimaux, all allied to the Mongolian race.

The perpendicular section shows the extreme elevations at which the habitations of man are found in various parts of the world. Korokorum, a pass in Tibet, elevation, 18,000 feet. Garoo Gartop, a village of Tibet, lat. 31° N.; long. 80° E.; elevation, 16,000 feet. City of Potosi, South America, 13,330 feet; Quito, 9543; Mexico city, 7570; Hospital of Great St. Bernard, in the European Alps, 8110; Madrid, city, 1944; Wanlockhead Village, Scotland, 1380 feet-the highest inhabited locality in Britain.

OF

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY:

EMBRACING

ORGANIC LIFE,

AND THE

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS, ANIMALS, AND MAN.

BIB

BY

WILLIAM RHIND,

HLOW

AUTHOR OF "FIRST CLASS-BOOK OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY,'

""ELEMENTS OF

EDINBURGH: SUTHERLAND AND KNOX.
LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL AND CO.

CRITICAL NOTICES OF FIRST CLASS-BOOK.

"We commend this work as carrying out the new and engaging method of teaching Geography; it has also the special merit of being carefully adapted to the purposes of class teaching. We have no doubt that books of this description are rapidly taking the place of works on Geography too long in use in our Schools. Mr Rhind states his conviction, that pupils of ten years of age are capable to appreciate the subjects so admirably arranged in this little book; if so, Schoolmasters and Parents are negligent who with. hold these improvements in school literature from their children, We include parents in this censure, because we know how often the teacher has to contend with obstacles from that quarter in the introduction of new books."-Educational Times.

"Mr Rhind has furnished an excellent book, which will not fail to command the patronage of the better class of Schools: In this much-condensed production, there is a large amount of very important matter, and we can, with great confidence, recommend it as admirably adapted to promote its object."-Christian Witness.

"To those desirous of studying the elementary principles of Physical Geography, we could not name a better text-book. The definitions are short and clear, and the illustrative diagrams will greatly assist the pupil in comprehending the different subjects. From Mr Rhind's experience as a lecturer on Natural History, we feel warranted in recommending his 'First Class-Book' as admirably adapted to initiate the young in a knowledge of Physical Science.”—Edinburgh Advertiser.

MURRAY AND GIBB, PRINTERS, Edinburgh.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE first portion of this Class-Book treats of the structure and properties of organic bodies, as it is necessary first to know something of the nature of plants and animals—their relations to each other and to the soil and atmosphere-before the laws of their distribution can be properly understood.

The second portion takes up the Geographical Distribution of Plants, Animals, and Man, and forms a continuation in advance of the more elementary principles of the First Class-Book.

In classes where it may suit the convenience of teachers, this first portion may be taught either before or after going over the First Class-Book.

While there is nothing here introduced but what experience has proved can be readily understood and appreciated by pupils generally, the chief object has been-to form a connected and systematic work suited to mental training; and to endeavour to raise the tone of instruction from the mere superficialities, or at best collections of isolated facts, which too frequently characterise "works for beginners ;". "-as if such elementary works should be something totally different from, instead of the actual outlines of, those sciences which the reading and experience of after years are to fill up and mature.

It has been remarked by an eminent living philosopher, "that few people have an adequate idea of the amount of knowledge that can be instilled at school." Fortunately the narrow and contracted views of school education are fast passing away, and a more enlarged and liberal system of study, suited to the requirements of the age, is now almost universally adopted.

The FIRST and SECOND CLASS-BOOKS form, together, an Elementary System of Natural Science.