spective spies of the two famous chiefs gave the alarm to both camps at the same time; but, unhappily for Philip, his antagonist was prepared for the event, while he was not. "All fled at the first tidings, [of the spies,] left their kettles boiling, and meat roasting upon their wooden spits, and run into a swamp with no other breakfast, than what Capt. Church afterwards treated them with." Church sent his lieutenant, Mr. Isaac Howland, on one side of the swamp, while himself ran upon the other, each with a small party, hoping, as the swamp was small, to prevent the escape of any. Expecting that when Philip should discover the English at the farther extremity of the swamp, he would turn back in his own track, and so escape at the same place he entered, Church had, therefore, stationed an ambush to entrap him in such an event. But the wariness of Philip disappointed him. He, thinking that the English would pursue him into the swamp, had formed an ambush for them also, but was, in like manner, disappointed. He had, at the same time, sent forward a band of his warriors, who fell into the hands of Church and Howland. They, at first, attempted to fly, and then offered resistance; but Church ordered Matthias* to tell them the impracticability of such a step. He accordingly called to them, and said, "If they fired one gun they were all dead men." This threat, with the presence of the English and Indians, so amazed them, that they suffered "the English to come and take the guns out of their hands, when they were both charged and cocked.” Having secured these with a guard, armed with the guns just taken from them, Church presses through the swamp in search of Philip, towards the end at which that chief had entered. Having waited until he had no hopes of ensnaring Captain Church, Philip now moved on after the company he had sent forward, and thus the two parties met. The English had the advantage of the first discovery, and, covered by trees, made the first fire. Philip stood his ground for a time, and maintained a desperate fight; but, a main body of his warriors having been captured, which, by this time, he began to apprehend, as they did not come to his aid, he, therefore, fled back to the point where he entered the swamp, and thus fell into a second ambush. Here the English were worsted, having one of their number slain, viz. Thomas Lucas, † of Plimouth: thus escaped, for a few days, Philip and some of his best captains: such were Tuspaquin and Tatoson. This was August the 3d, and Philip's numbers had decreased, since the 1st, 173, by the exertions of Church.

Philip, having now but few followers left, was driven from place to place, and lastly to his ancient seat near Pokanoket. The English, for a long time, had endeavored to kill him, but could not find him off his guard; for he was always the first who was apprized of their approach. He having put to death one of his own men for advising him to make peace, this man's brother, whose name was Alderman, fearing the same fate, deserted him, and gave Captain Church an account of his situation, and offered to lead him to his camp. Early on Saturday morning, 12 Aug., Church came to the swamp where Philip was encamped, and, before he was discovered, had placed a guard about it, so as to encompass it, except a small place. He then ordered Captain Golding § to rush into the swamp, and fall upon Philip in his camp; which he immediately did-but was discovered as he approached, and, as usual, Philip was the first to fly. Having but just awaked from sleep, and having on but a part of his clothes, he fled with all his might. Coming directly upon an Englishman and an Indian, who composed a part of the ambush at the edge of the swamp, the Englishman's gun missed fire, but Alderman, the Indian, whose gun was loaded with two balls, "sent

*One of Church's Indian soldiers, but of whom he makes no mention.

An improvident fellow, given to intoxication, and, from Church's expression about his being killed, “not being so careful as he might have been," it leaves room to doubt whether he were not, at this time, under the effects of liquor. He had been often fined, and once whipped, for getting drunk, beating his wife and children, defaming the character of deceased magistrates, and other misdemeanors.

Church, 41. In the account of Tatoson, Church's narrative is continued.

Captain Roger Goulden, of R. I. Plimouth granted him 100 acres of land on Pocasset, in 1675, for his eminent services. Plim. Records.

14

PHILIP.-SALES OF HIS LANDS.

[BOOK III. In a deed dated 23 June, 1664," William Brenton, of Newport, R. I. merchant," "for a valuable consideration" paid by him, buys Matapoisett of Philip. This deed begins, " I, Pumatacom alias Philip, chief sachem of Mount Hope, Cowsumpsit and of all territories thereunto belonging." Philip and his wife both signed this deed, and Tockomock, Wecopauhim,* Nesetaquason, Pompa quase, Aperniniate, Taquanksicke, Paquonack, Watapatahue, Aquetaquish, John Sassamon the interpreter, Rowland Sassamon, and two Englishmen, signed as

witnesses.

In 1665, he sold the country about Acushena, [now New Bedford,] and Coaxet, [now in Compton.] Philip's father having previously sold some of the same, £10 was now given him to prevent any claim from him, and to pay for his marking out the same. John Woosansman [one of the names of Sassa mon] witnessed this deed.

The same year the court of Plimouth presented Philip with a horse, but on what account we are not informed.

In 1662, Wrentham was purchased of Philip by the English of Dedham. It was then called Wollomonopoag, and, by the amount assessed, appears to have cost £24 10s., and was six miles square. For this tract of land the English had been endeavoring to negotiate five years. "In Nov. 1669, upon notice of Philip, Sagamore of Mount Hope, now at Wollomonopoag, offering a treaty of his lands thereabouts, not yet purchased," the selectmen appoint five persons to negotiate with him "for his remaining right, provided he can show that he has any."‡ Whether his right were questionable or not, it seems a purchase was made, at that time, of the tract called Woollommonuppogue," within the town bounds [of Dedham] not yet purchased." What the full consideration was, our documents do not state, but from a manuscript order which he drew on Dedham afterwards, and the accompanying receipt, some estimate may be formed. The order requests them "to pay to this bearer, for the use of King Philip, £5, 5s. in money, and £5 in trucking cloth at money price." In a receipt signed by an agent of Philip, named Peter, the following amount is named: "In reference to the payment of KING PHILIP of Mount Hope, the full and just sum of £5, 5s. in money, and 12 yards of trucking cloth, 3 lbs. of powder, and as much lead as will make it up; which is in full satisfaction with £10 that he is to receive of Nathaniel Paine." § e next meet with a singular record of Philip, the authorship of which we attribute to John Sassamon, and which, besides extending our knowledge of Philip into his earlier times, serves to make us acquainted with Sassamon's acquirements in the language of the pilgrims.

We

"Know all men by these presents, that Philip haue giuen power vnto Watuchpoo and Sampson and theire brethren to hold and make sale of to whom they will by my consent, and they shall not haue itt without they be willing to lett it goe it shal be sol by my consent, but without my knowledge they cannot safely to: but with my consent there is none that can lay claime to that land which they haue marked out, it is theires foreuer, soe therefore none can safely purchase any otherwise but by Watachpoo and Sampson and their bretheren. PHILIP 1666."

Whether the following letter were written earlier or later than this we have no means of knowing; it is plain, however, from its contents, that it was written at a time when he was strongly opposed to selling his lands, and that the people of Plimouth were endeavoring to get him to their court, where they had reason to believe they could succeed better in getting thein than by a negotiation in his own country. The letter follows:

"To the much honored Governer, Mr. Thomas Prince, dwelling at Plimouth. King PHILIP desire to let you understand that he could not come to the court, for Tom, his interpreter, has a pain in his back, that he could not travil

Perhaps Uncompoin.

+ Worthington's Hist. Dedham, 20-from which work it would seem that the negotiation had been carried on with Philip, but Philip was not sachem until this year.

Ibid.

General Court Files.

Sometimes Tukpoo by abbreviation. A further account of him will be found in the life of Tatoson.

so far, and Philip sister is very sick. Philip would intreat that favor of you, and any of the majestrats, if aney English or Engians speak about aney land, he pray you to giue them no ansewer at all. This last summer he inaid that promis with you that he would not sell no land in 7 years time, for that he would have no English trouble him before that time, he has not forgot that you promis him. He will come a sune as posseble he can to speak with you, and so I rest,

your very loveing friend PHILIP P dwelling at mount hope nek."*

In 1667, Philip sells to Constant Southworth, and others, all the meadow lands from Dartmouth to Matapoisett, for which he had £15. Particular bounds to all tracts are mentioned in the deeds, but as they were generally or often stakes, trees, and heaps of stones, no one at this time can trace many of them.

The same year, for "£10 sterling," he sells to Thos. Willet and others, "all that tract of land lying between the Riuer Wanascottaquett and Cawatoquissett, being two miles long and one broad." Pawsaquens, one of Philip's counsellors, and Tom alias Sawsuett, an interpreter, were witnesses to the sale.

In 1668," Philip Pometacom, and Tatamumaque falias Cashewashed, sachems," for a valuable consideration," sell to sundry English a tract of some square miles. A part of it was adjacent to Pokanoket. In describing it, Memenuckquage and Towansett neck are mentioned, which we conclude to be in Swansey. Besides two Englishmen, Sompointeen, alias Tom, and Nananuntnew, son of Thomas Piants, were witnesses to this sale.

The next year, the same sachems sell 500 acres in Swansey for £20. Wanuco, a counsellor, and Tom the interpreter, were witnesses.

In 1668, Philip and Uncompawen laid claim to a part of New-meadows neck, alleging that it was not intended to be conveyed in a former deed, by Ossamequin and Wamsutta, to certain English," although it appears, says the record, pretty clearly so expressed in said deed," "yet that peace and friendship may be continued," "Capt. Willet, Mr. Brown and John Allen, in the behalf of themselves and the rest," agree to give Philip and Uncompawen the sum of £11 in goods.

TOM SANSUWEST, interpreter,
And NIMROD.

PHILIP NANUS KOOKE ‡ his
VNCOMPAWEN his mark.

mark,

The same year, we find the following record, which is doubly interesting, from the plan with which we are able to accompany it, drawn by Philip himself. He contracts or agrees, by the following writing under his hand, in these words: "this may inform the honoured court [of Plimouth,] that I Philip ame willing to sell the land within this draught; but the Indians that are vpon it may live vpon it still; but the land that is [waste]§ may be sould, and Wattachpoo is of the same minde. I have sed downe all the principall names of the land wee are willing should bee sould."

"From Pacanaukett

the 24 of the 12 mo. 1668."

PHILLIP P his marke.”

* 1 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. ii. 40. The original was owned by a Mr. White of Plimouth, about 30 years ago. It is probably another production of John Sassamon.

Written in another deed, Atunkamomake. This deed was in the next year. It was of 500 acres of land, "more or lesse," in Swansey; and £20 the consideration. Hugh Cole, Josias Winslow, John Coggeshall, and Constant Southworth were the purchasers, and Wanuco, a counsellor, one of the witnesses.

This double name, we suppose, was meant to stand for the signature of himself and wife So in the records.