French war, fictions of ministers and generals | Lassalle (Ferdinand), the Apostle of State-support during the late, 106
Fuegians, amongst the lowest barbarians, 38
Gladstone's (Mr.) Whitby speech as the cham- pion of the poor against the rich, 304 Gothic architecture, its emotional expression, 81 Greek education, staple of ancient, 80 Greene and his contemporary dramatists, prede- cessors of Shakspeare, 9
Grote (George), tribute to his memory, 189 Guicciardini's personal and political records, 220; the family possessed the feline faculty of always falling on their feet, 222; his civil and political youa, 225; his embassy to King Ferdinand of Arragon, 225, 226; a foe to popular as well as to priestly and monarchical tyranny, 227; his insight into weaknesses and vices, ib. ; po- litical maxims, 228; maxims illustrating his Machiavellism, 229; comparison between him and Machiavelli, 230; shelved as a statesman, becomes the historian, 231; his imaginary conversations, ib.; his great work the famous (and tedious) Istoria d'Italia,' 232
Hall (Dr.), Shakspeare's son-in-law, 14 Handel, according to Beethoven the greatest musician in the world, 87
Handwriting of distinguished men, 110, 111 Hardinge's (Mrs. Emma) spiritualistic new Ten Commandments, 164
Hare (Dr.), the American physicist, on spirit manifestations, 175; his apparatus for freeing spirits from the control of any medium, 180 Hearing (acute) of cats and other animals, 78 Heber's (Bishop) edition of Jeremy Taylor's works, 60
Herschel (Sir John), tribute to his memory, 188 Home, the Spiritualist, receives a gift of sixty thousand pounds, 174; his precise experi- mental proof of the immortality of the soul, 181; claim to the power of altering the weight of bodies, 184; his performance with an accor- dion, 185
Houdin's (Robert, the celebrated prestidigitateur) autobiography, 165; his mode of preparing himself and his son for their exhibitions, 178 Huggins's (Dr.) testimony as to the manifesta- tions of Psychic Force, 182; his unsurpassed ability as a spectroscopic observer, ib. Hugo's (Victor) Marion Delorme,' 117 Hullah's operas and songs and musical exercises and studies, 89; history of modern music and lectures, 77
Hussites and Catholics, their contest one between two races for supremacy in Bohemia, 57
Instinct, essence of an, 43 International, insurgent apparition of the, 138; International labour-congresses, 139; semi- socialist proposals of the Government, 306 Italy in the sixteenth century, 220
James I. not the fool that history represents him to have been, 11
Jowett's (Professor) dialogues of Plato, 261; the subtlety and simplicity of his analysis renders him a consummate interpreter, 273 Jullien's promenade concerts, 90; madness and suicide, ib.
Keats' snuffed out by an article,' 199 Lamartine's extravagant account of the battle of Waterloo, 105; and of Trafalgar, ib.
to co-operative societies, 139
Laveleye (M.) on English and Irish landlords, 135
Le Play's (M.) Les Ouvriers Européens,' 93 Leclaire's (M.) principle of giving a share of profits to his work people, 139
Leslie's (T. E. Cliffe, LL.B.) land systems and in- dustrial economy, 121.
Laycock (Dr.) on the reflex action of the brain, 165, 166
Levi's (Professor Leone) Report on the Liquor trades, 208
Lindsay's (Lord) testimony for Spiritualism, 179; personally witnessing Mr. Home's floating in the air from one room to another through the windows, 180
Lock-outs and strikes, 131 Longe's (F. D.) refutation of Mill's wage-fund theory, 124
Lucy's (Sir Thomas) prosecution of Shakspeare for deer-stealing, 4; his family, 5; powerful at the Court of the Tudors, ib.
Mesmer and his followers, 161 Mill's (J. S.) programme of the Land Tenure Re- form Association, 121; dictum that 'the labourers need only capital not capitalists,' 122; Japanese etiquette in the happy despatch of the wage-fund, 124
Molière's avowal of plagiarism, Je prends mon bien ou je le trouve, 102
Monkeys having a strong taste for tea, coffee, and spirituous liquors, and for smoking tobac- co, 34 Monopolies, industrial, 243; undertakings which competition cannot regulate, ib.; undertakings which tend to become monopolies, 244; ques- tion whether they should be conducted by private enterprise or Government manage- ment, ib.; discussed by Mr. Mill, 244, 245; French view of monopolies, 245; summary of arguments in favour of Government manage- ment, 246; application of those views to har- bours and natural navigations, 247; to canals and docks, ib.; to lighthouses, roads, 248; bridges and ferries, railways, ib.; failure of competition in railways, 249; Irish railways an example of the evils of competition, ib.; impotence of the Legislature in limitation of profits, 250; and for continuous traffic, 251; objections to purchase of railways by the Government, ib.; tramways, 251, 252; gas- works, 253; water supply, 254; Post Office, 255; telegraphs, ib. ; suggestions for improve- ments, 256-258; patronage and jobbing in the management of public works, 258, 259 Music, origin of vocal and instrumental, 77; immense antiquity of wind instruments, ib.; pre-historic flute, ib.; what constitutes pitch, 78; the limits of musical sound about six oc- taves, ib.; what constitutes intensity of musi- cal sounds, ib. ; quality or timbre, ib. ; mode of determining the form of the vibrations of dif ferent instruments, 79; differently formed waves of sound transmitting a different stroke
and quality of sound to the ear, ib. ; difference between noise and musical sound explained by M. Beauquier, ib.; three fundamental harmo- nics of a note, ib.; modern music the supreme art-medium of emotion, 81; peculiarities of music for the generation and expression of emotion, 82; power of music in controlling and disciplining emotion, 82, 83; difference in the morale of Italian and German music, 83; moral and emotional functions of music, ib.; Greek and Hebrew music, 83, 84; art of des- cant, 84; development of modern music, ib. ; first and greatest discovery, ib.; the perfect cadence, ib.; Carissimi the very type of the transition period, 84, 85; modern music a new art with recently discovered principles, 85; how far England is, or has been, a musical country, ib.; John Dunstable, in 1400, repre- sents a great musical force in this country, ib.; English Church music, ib.; the famous song 'Sumer is a cumen in,' ib.; foreign origin of all the forms of modern music, 85, 86; English madrigals, 86; Anglo-French school of Pel- ham Humphrey and Purcell, ib.; Purcell to be ranked with Mozart, ib.; Handel (accord- ing to Beethoven) the greatest musician who ever lived, 88; Rossini, Weber, 88'; Mendels- sohn, ib.; influence of John Hullah on music in England, 89; Curwen's Tonic Sol-fa system, ib.; tonal difference between the Hullah and Sol-fa methods, ib.; Henry Leslie's choir, 90; three proposals respecting musical education, 91; the consolations of music, 92
Navy, mismanagement of the, 232; loss of the 'Captain,' 233; Mr. Reed's report to Mr. Chil- ders that it was utterly unsafe, 234; defects in the ship, and warnings, 234, 235; description of its loss with 500 men, 235; proceedings of the Flying Squadron, 237; the Megæra,' 238; loss of the ship, ib. ; sacrifice of ships balanced with the supposed economy of the Adminis- tration, 238, 239; grounding of the court,' 240; necessity of not dispensing with navigating officers, 241; their duties, ib.; gun- boats, 242; premature compulsory retirement of experienced officers, ib.; the command of the Channel Fleet, ib.
Neil's Shakespere,' a critical biography, 1 Nervous system, six kinds of action to which it ministers, 36
Odger's International Association for the emanci- pation of the working class, 293
Ouvry (Col.) on the agricultural community of the Middle Ages, 93
Operative associations for productive purposes, causes of their failure in France, 133; Co-opera- tive Society of Paris Masons, 134
Paris workmen (the) rebel successively against every form of government, 296; the dethrone- ment of Paris, 299
Pea-fowl, Sir R. Heron on the habits of, 31 Peasant proprietorship, shipwreck of enthusiasts of, 137
Plagiarism in modern literature, shades and de- grees of, 102; exemplified from Sheridan, Byron, Scott, Balzac, Lamartine, Sterne, Broug- ham, ib.
Plato's Dialogues,' by Professor Jowett, 259; two leading aims of Platonic translation, 260; the three cardinal points of Platonic chrono logy, 262; how Plato wrought the teaching of Socrates and his predecessors into a single fabric, 264; the doctrine of reminiscence, ib.
the Republic' the greatest monument of Plato's genius, ib.; his pervading fallacy of confusing the method of science with science itself, 265; two characteristic weaknesses of an- cient speculation, 267; Plato's view of the office of mythology, 268; distinguishes four kinds of madness, 269; the relation of justice to happiness, 270, 271; confusion of ethics and politics, 271; the Megarians and Eleatics, 273; Plato's Laws' sums up the highest religious thoughts of heathenism, 274; historical view of his Dialogues, 275
Poles, their policy in Austria, 56 Purcell's originality and fertility in music, 86 Pythagorean discovery of the harmonic ratios, 266
Reformation (The), powerful in developing indi- vidual character, 3
Robinson's (Sir Spencer) dismissal as Controller of the Navy, 236
Rochdale Co-operative Manufacturing Society, and Paris Working Societies, 133 Rogers's (Thorold) new edition of the 'Wealth of Nations,' 125
Rosse (the late Earl of) on the relation of Land lord and Tenant in Ireland, 127; anecdote respecting his detection of conjurors' tricks, 184
Rossini's greatness as a musician, 88 Russell (Mr. Odo) at Versailles, the Prime Minis ter's unparelleled disavowal of, 285
Salmon, combats of male, 30 School Boards a supplemental and remedial mea- sure, 141; the London School Board, ib. See Education.
Scott's (Sir W.) rate of composition, 101 Shakspeare allied by his mother's side to gentle blood, 1; prosecuted for deer-stealing by Sir Thomas Lucy, 4; his poetical vengeance on the Lucys, 5; his times favourable to dramatic poetry, 7; Meres's criticism on him, 9; Shak- speare compared to Greene, Peele, Marlowe, and Ben Jonson, ib.; the poems of Venus and Adonis' and 'Lucrece,' ib.; his genius, knowledge of his art, energy and imagination, ib.; Chettle's testimony to his genius and in- tegrity, 10; rapid progress to wealth and fame, 11; daughters, ib.; contradiction of his sup- posed intemperance, ib.; editions of his plays and poems in circulation before his death, 12: collected edition of his dramatic works pub lished by Heminge and Condell in 1623, ib. ; Shakspeare not indifferent to literary fame, 13; particulars of his family, 14; did not put forth all his strength until the close of the 16th century, 16; characteristics of his later com- positions, 17; sources of his plots, ib.; com. pared with Lord Bacon, ib. ; a sincere and pro- found religious element permeant through his writings, 18; his nuditas animi,' 19; flexi- bility in the style, structure, and colour of his language, 20; wit and pathos, 21; his songs unapproachable, 22; the representative Eng- lishman of the sixteenth century, 23; his poetry that of action and passion, rather than of reflection, ib.; prominence of his female characters, 24; his women compared with Spenser's, ib.; one omission in the great dramatist, 25
Sidney's (Sir Philip) character and death, 23 Smith's (Sydney) answer to an inquiry about his grandfather, 104
Smollett's advice on the treatment of the sick sailor, 241
Socrates' teaching, moral and political, not re- lating to nature and the universe, 263; his doctrine that knowledge is the apprehension of the universal, 264
Somerset's (Duke of) sarcasm on the state of the army and navy, 239 Spectrum-analysis, its application to the study of the component elements of the sun, 182 Spenser's long residence in Ireland, 1 Spiritualism: the Spiritualists, a great and in- creasing sect in the United States and Eng- land, 161; directions given to family circles for communicating with spirits by table rap- ping and tilting, 162, 163; gifts possessed by mediums, 163; writing and drawing mediums, ib.; mode of using the planchette, ib.; medi- cal and trance mediums, 163, 164; spiritual investigations by direct action on material bodies, inanimate as well as animate, 164; living men and women caught up from the ground and borne aloft in the air, ib.; Satanic agency in table-turning, 167; practical trial of fallacy in the use of the planchette, 168; unconscious cerebration and latent thought, 169, 170; anecdotes illustrating cerebral ac- tivity, 170, 171; Satanic answer of a table that Christ was in hell, 172; Mr. Dibdin and the Spiritualists equally wrong and equally right each right in disbelieving the other's doctrine, and each wrong in maintaining his own, ib.; cures by faith in the efficacy of the treatment, 173; death produced by the ter- rorism of Obeah practices, 174; examples of injurious influence exercised by spiritualistic communications, ib.; a clergyman burning a table for lending itself to the dictation of Sa- tan, 175; men of science converted to spiritu- alistic views, ib.; Mr. Crookes's paper in the 'Spiritualist,' ib.; results experienced by the reviewer as to the fallacy of spiritualism, 175, 176; Mr. Foster, the American medium, and his manifestations, 177; description of the re- viewer's mode of testing him, ib.; transport of persons by invisible agency from one house to another, 186; levitation of the human body, and other feats of Spiritualism, 187; gullibility of the average public, ib.; Chevreul's treatise on the Baguette Divinatoire, 188 Stallions and mares, 30, 31
Swallows, migration of, 44 Stirling's Recess Studies,' 129
phy, 68, 69; foundation of his ethical edifice, 69; Liberty of Prophesying,' his most origi- nal and characteristic work, ib.; has two ends in view, ib.; his view of civil government, 70; community of spirit between him and Milton, although opponents on the question of Prelacy, 71; charge against him of a change of opinion on toleration, ib.; gorgeous eloquence in his 'Life of Christ,' and his sermons, 72; compared to Chrysostom, 73; contrasted with Milton, ib.; in similes the very Homer of preachers, 74; his unpruned exuberance and want of the art to blot,' 75; solemnity of his discourses marred by illustrations, ib.; his power of sar- casm, 76; want of masculine firmness and vigour, ib.
Tasso's imitations of other poets, 102 Tennyson's (Mr.) pathos, 190; contrasted with Byron, 197; minute details ruinous to great effects, 198; sublimity contrasted with pretti- ness, ib.; earliest poems, 199; his inexhausti- ble fancy and perception of moral and natural beauty, and other high qualities, ib.; not schooled in adversity, 200; his fame might rest on In Memoriam,' 201; extracts from 'The Princess,' 202; companion pictures from it and from Don Juan,' 203; 'The Princess compared with 'Don Juan' in point of wit and humour, ib.; great success of the 'Idylls of the King,' 203, 204; M. Taine on the absence of creative genius in Tennyson, 205; Arthurian poems, ib.; his working against the grain, and overlaying a train of thought contrasted with Byron's sudden inspirations, eagerly fol- lowed out, 199; Guinevere, 206; ' Vivien' as objectionable as Don Juan,' 206, 207 Thackeray's ironical praise of Dumas, 118 Thallium, the new metal detected by spectrum analysis, 183
Thiers' (M.) exaggeration respecting the French army, 106 Thornton (W. T.) on labour, 124; has turned champion of Trades' Unions, ib.; the first to disarm Mr. Mill of his wage-fund theory, ib. ; his industrial Utopia of pure co-operative asso- ciation, 132
Thurlow (Hon. T. J. H.) on Trades' Unions, 136 Trades' Unions, organisation of, 123; effect of unionism in raising wages, 131 Tramways, 251
Translation of poetry, considerations on, 190
Talleyrand's conversational brilliancy, source of, Utopias, Labour, 121
Taylor (Jeremy), the great glory of the English pulpit, 60; his career at Cambridge, 60, 61; contemporary there with Milton, 61; vicissi- tudes, poverty, and consolations, ib.; mar ried to Joanna Bridges, natural daughter of Charles I., ib.; imprisonment for invectives against Puritan preachers, ib.; happily settled at Portmore, 63; dedicates Ductor Dubitan- tium' to Charles II., ib. ; appointed to the See of Down and Connor, 64; anxiety to be trans- lated to an English bishopric, ib.; disturbed state of his diocese, ib.; opposition of Presby- terian ministers, ib. ; charity to the poor, 65; power of attracting friends, 66; an eager de- vourer of books, ib.; ethics his favourite science, ib.; eminently a Church of England man, 67; a constant assertor of the superior claims of Episcopal government, ib.; his Dis suasive from Popery,' a model of Christian Controversy, 68; characteristics of his opus magnum, the Ductor Dubitantium,' ib. ; that work in the main a treatise on moral philoso-
Varley's (C. E.) testimony to the physical marvels of Spiritualism, 186
Vega's (Lope de) dramatic compositions exceed 2000, 101
Vienna and Berlin contrasted, 59, 60 Village communities (Sir H. Maine's lectures on), 93; their organisation in typical districts of Russia and India, 93, 94; social economy of the Bushkir village communities, 94, 95; their principle adopted by the English emigrants who colonised New England, 95; the Ger- manic land-system, ib.; organisation of the Teutonic township, 96; its three portions or marks, ib.; English village communities be- fore the Norman conquest, 96, 97; the Indian village community the unit of social and po- litical organisation, 97; the constitution of our Indian villages, ib.; relation of the feudal sys- tem to village communities in Western Eu- rope, 98; M. Le Play's description of the vil- lage of Les Jault, ib.; the decision of history
for individual as against communistic posses- | Wellesley, Admiral, juggled out of his comman sion of land, 100
Waders, battling of male, 31
Wage-fund, absurdity of the theory, 125; its re- futation in brief compass, 125, 126 Wages in the building trades, 131 Weber's Huntsman's Chorus,' 88
under false pretences, 240
Wellington and Waterloo, according to Lamar tine, 105
Willmott's (Rev. R. A.) biography of Jeremy Taylor, 60
Zealander (Macaulay's New) traced to Horace Walpole, 103
ART. I.-1. Shakespeare: The First Folio | Edition of 1623. Reproduced under the immediate supervision of Howard Staunton, by Photo-lithography. Folio. 2. Shakespere a Critical Biography. By Samuel Neil. 12mo. London, 1861.
THE two works at the head of this article are samples of what has been done for Shakspearian literature within the last few years. It is a matter of congratulation to all students of the great dramatist that the appliances of modern science should have given us an exact facsimile of the first collected edition of the poet's works, and thus have enabled all readers to judge for themselves of the state and arrangement of the text as it first left the hands of the poet's literary executors. Mr. Neil's little book has done good service in presenting the facts of the poet's biography, and the most material documents relating to it, in their strict chronological order. The value of the slenderest notices derived from original papers in illustrating not only the life of the poet, of his family, and his neighbours in Warwickshire, but the spirit and manners of the period, can never be fully appreciated until the whole mass of evidence has been thoroughly sifted. Availing ourselves therefore of what has been brought to light by the indefatigable diligence of the poet's admirers within the last few years, and of such papers as still remain unpublished in the Record Office, we propose to lay before our readers a sketch of Shakspeare's life and times, carefully eliminating from the former those supposed facts and theories which have gathered round it on the faith of documents now generally regarded with discredit.
descent as well as by feeling, Spenser was intimately connected with the aristocracy of England. His life was spent at a distance from the metropolis. During his long residence in Ireland he treasured up the impressions he had received in his youth of the glories of Elizabeth, and the grandeur of Protestantism, its heroic sufferings, its eventual triumph over all forms of falsehood and deceit, moral, religious, social, scientific, and political. These impressions were never disturbed by too close an approximation to realities. Happily, it was never the poet's lot to witness the party and personal squabbles in which his knights indulged too freely in the court of his Gloriana, or to see prelates and Puritans divided, and both equally forgetful of mutual charity, in bitter controversies about square caps and white surplices. Hooker, on the other hand, owed his descent to the burgher class. The chief part of his life was spent in the quiet seclusion of the university. If Spenser was mainly indebted to his imagination for his knowledge of the external world, Hooker judged it by his books. His mind was as deeply tinctured with fathers and schoolmen-with an ideal Christianity enshrined in the past-as Spenser's imagination lingered over mediaval romances and Arthurian legends, Over both the past had a stronger hold than the present; the To Kaλòv of the one and the Tò díkalov of the other are equally heroical-both equally transcend the capabilities and the limits of poor, failing, commonplace humanity.
It was otherwise with Shakspeare. Like Spenser, he was allied by his mother's side to gentle blood; * like Hooker, too, he was
She was one of the heirs of Robert Arden
Of Shakspeare's great contemporaries, by of Wellingcote.'-Grant of Arms.
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