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"which they may do lawfully, and thus
"the specie is collected from every part of
"the kingdom. It is suspected that these
agents, unknown even to themselves,
are employed by THE HIGHEST AU-
"THORITY.This is the natural con-
sequence of the system which has been
"pursued; and the consequence already
"is, that every pound sterling which we
"have to pay even to our own troops
"abroad, costs us thirty shillings. Our
army, however, must be paid, and we
"are so far involved that we must go on.
"As soon as Parliament meets, which,
"whether there is a general Election or
not, must be before Christmas, some
strong measure must be adopted for the
"supply of specie. There is an idea of
calling in, and paying in Bank notes for
"all the plate in the Kingdom. But that
"would obviously afford no relief-since if
"the price of bullion is the cause of the
"disappearance of specie now, it would
"equally disappear then; and the quantity
"of plate in the Island is not great.'
This cannot be true; or, at least, I think
it impossible that any persons intrusted
with any power above that of a ticket porter,
should entertain the notions here ascribed
to the "highest authority."But, as to
the state of the finances of the country,
there is no exaggeration there. This part
of our public concerns is fast drawing to a
crisis. When a guinea is worth 30s. men
ought to look about them.This, though
the natural consequence of war, and though
the thing must be made more and more
desperate by the continuance of war, is one
of the grand impediments to peace. It
was, indeed, one of the real causes of this
present war. The paper is in such a state
that it cannot support itself against the
effects of a free intercourse with France.

-The

lation. Real gold and silver will not keep
company with our paper, unless one is to
be bought and sold with the other, and
then each will fetch its real value.-
Local Token bill must be repealed before
it goes into operation, or there must be a
great issue of tokens some where to supply
the place of those now in circulation; for,
otherwise no trade can possibly be carried
on. -Were it not for the national debt
all would be easily settled; but, indeed, .
it is that Debt which has made all the paper.
They began together, and together they will
live as long as they can. -What will be
done about the pay of the Judges, &c. &c.
who have fixed annual, or daily, sums, I
hardly know; for, if the gold should get
to about £7. 14s. an ounce, a one pound
note will be worth only half as much
as it used to be; and yet, times will not
be very favourable to the raising of the
pay of any of the people in public employ-
ment. When people talk of dearness,
they forget how the paper has fallen in
value. If a guinea be worth 30s. a load
of wheat which sells for £30. does, in
fact, sell for only about £20., and so on
as to other things.Hume foretold ex-
actly what is now taking place; and I
would advise the ministers to read his
book. They will derive much more profit
from him than from the Morning Chro-
nicle, who now complains of our system.
Alas! Mr. Perry, it is too late to recover
things. Pitt decided its fate. It may be
made to go on a little faster or a little
slower; but its end will be the same; and
all that is worth talking about is, what are
the consequences that it will produce as to
the liberty and independence of the na-
tion. This is indeed a question worthy of
being discussed by men of real wisdom;
but the Prince Regent will, I am afraid,
look about him in vain for many men of
that description. If there were a man in
power endued with profound insight as to
this subject; a man capable of foreseeing
what would happen and of providing ac-

-I do not see any reason to suppose, that the depreciation will not proceed as rapidly as it has done for two years last past. It began to be sensibly felt and clearly understood very soon after I was shut up in Newgate, for the cause mention-cordingly, he would have in his hands ed in the last page of this Register. The matter was then made so very plain, that those began to see who had been blind all the days of their lives. So that, there was, at any rate, one good that resulted from my suffering. I made clowns able financiers; or, at least, as able as Pitt and his set, if not a little more so.——— -To return to the matter before us; the buying up of the plate would be nonsense. It would disappear the moment it got into circu

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more power to do good than ever before fell to the lot of a human being.One thing is certain, that every man in the country thinks that some great change is at hand. Every man thinks this, except those men who never think beyond their own particular interests, and who occupy in the creation a rank little superior to that of the badger or the otter. Of men who do think, who have minds, and who extend their wishes to the well-being of

others; who have some sentiment of honour, who know what freedom and what country mean; of such men there is not one, who does not expect to see some great event in England; but, no one has an opinion as to what it is to be. It is truly curious to observe with what eagerness those who still adhere to the name of Pitt get rid of every topic connected with the paper-money. They are afraid to think on the subject. But, their avoiding it will not prevent what is to happen.- The remedy of which I possess the knowledge would do much; but, I do not flatter myself that it will ever be called for in a way that shall induce me to divulge it.

WM. COBBETT. Bolley, 16th September, 1812.

LORD YARMOUTH'S LETTER To the Editor of the Courier. SIR-Your Paper of yesterday, which I have just seen on my return from Windsor, contains, under the head Foreign News, this extract from the Gazelle de France, asserting as impudent and scandalous a falsehood as any that ever disgraced the press

"Lord YARMOUTH, and his worthy imi❝tators, obtained their liberty under the 66 guarantee of their parole. In violating "that guarantee, they have offended the "delicate sentiment of honour. Lord Yar"mouth was the first to set an example, so "much the more fatal, as its author is of "the most elevated rank."- I have always avowed, both at Verdun and at home, my opinion, that the detention of the English in 1803, however cruel, by its being a measure never resorted to on former occasions, was justified by the seizure of French 1. property and French subjects in British ports, before our Ambassador had ceased to exercise the functions of his high office at Paris. This opinion left me no pretext, however miserable, for the breach of a parole of honour. Since, however, a charge of its violation has been brought forward in the French papers, and repeated with various comments in the English, I am compelled to clear myself, which I shall do in a few words, premising, that I can support my assertion by the original passports signed by the French Minister. -In May 1803 the English in France were declared prisoners of war, and as such gave their parole of honour.-For several months I and many others were permitted to reside Dilcormist

wherever we pleased, till the cruel disre-
gard of some English Gentlemen to the
comforts of their fellow-prisoners, occa-
sioned our being confined in fortresses on
their effecting their escape.—I had passed
more than two years in the fortress of Ver-
dun, when I learnt that Mr. Fox had, at
the command of the Prince of Wales, to
whose gracious interference I am proud to
owe my liberation from captivity, applied
for and obtained my return to England on
parole of honour, to go back to France
whenever my return should be demanded.
A similar parole was signed by the Earl of
Elgin and General Abercromby, and we
sailed together from Morlaix in May, 1806.
Upon my being sent back to Paris, almost
immediately afterwards, by Mr. Fox, I de-
manded and obtained my release from this
parole, as a necessary preliminary to my
being under the protection afforded by the
Law of Nations to diplomatic Agents.—
Since it has thus become necessary for me
to recur to the year 1806, I take this op-
portunity of adding to the papers, then
published, the instructions accompanying
Mr. Fox's dispatch of the 18th July. These
instructions I owe it to myself to publish
in refutation of the charge once advanced,
and now revived, of having, contrary to
the tenor of my instructions, produced His
Majesty's full powers at a time when (22d
July) no choice remained but to do so or
break off the negociation. It will, of
course, be remembered, that M. D'Oubril
had then concluded a treaty, and that he
used all the weight belonging to the Mi-
nister of so great a friendly power, to
obtain an official character to be attached
to the British negociation. No obloquy
could induce me, for obvious reasons, to
make this document public in 1806-7; it
is now harmless, and I have a right to add
it to the official papers of that year.-
The story of M. de Clermont and the snuff-
box, in 1811, is private, and of no mo-
ment, nor should I notice it, but that the
pen is in my hand. It is entirely un-
founded, never having received that or
any other mark of the French Emperor's
recollection or approbation, then or at any
other time.I have the honour to be,
Sir, your obedient humble servant,

London, 13th August, 1812.

YARMOUTH.

P. S. It is usual to direct one's letter to some friend who will give it publicity; I have taken a shorter course, that of sending it to the press in the first instance.

Instructions accompanying Mr. Fox's Dis patch of July 18.

"ON ONE HAND. "The cession of Sicily is intolerable,because the retaining it was proposed to us as an indacement for relinquish ing our favourite mode of negociation: if it be ceded, the following difficulties will besides

occur:

"First, where to find an equivalent:-an equivalent for a possession we can keep, in spite of the French, ought to be of the same nature likewise. How can this apply to Dalmatia, or other places

that have been mentioned? Nay, even strictly, to the ex-Venetian territories,where even there seems to be

little chance of obtaining? Secondly,―It is not possible to surrender to the enemy the only remaining portion of the King of Naples' dominions, without obtaining some adequate, or nearly adequate, compensation for that Prince.-Such an application of the Haus Towns appears absurd upon the face of it; and till further explanation shall have been made, one can hardly conceive any country upon the Adriatic where the said Prince can be in any degree of security.

Thirdly, The distance of Malta from

any friendly country, and consequently from any certain source of supply, may render the possession of that island to us extremely difficult, at least, if not precarious.

ON THE OTHER HAND. "The allowing the French to recede from their original basis, so far as to substitute an exchange in the case of Sicily, may become less objectionable, if such a change be at the declared desire of Russia, and should lead to an arrangement more suitable to the views of that power. In such case, provided compen sation be made to the King of Naples, we shall have given up well understood English objects for what we deem 10 be ili-understood Russian objects; but in cases of confederacy, there is nothing to be ashamed of in such a

we shall soon find our

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The Provisional Commissioners of the Government of the Duchy of Lithuania to the Clergy of the Diocese of Wilna.

(Continued from page 350.)

provisional Government of Lithuania, in order to consecrate this great reunion, had resolved to give a portion of one thousand francs to a Lithuanian girl who should marry a man born in the Greater Poland, and a second gift of one thousand francs to a Pole who should marry a Lithuanian girl. By chance it occurred that the first couple immediately presented themselves the evening the city was magnificently iland received the nuptial benediction.-In luminated. The National Theatre was thrown open gratis. The piece entitled The Cracovians was played. The festival closed with a ball, of which Count Pac, a Lithuanian, did the honours. The transparencies were beautiful, and the inscriptions very ingenious. Several French and Polish Generals were present at the ball, which was also honoured by the presence of His Majesty the Emperor and King.This same Gazette (the Lithuanian Courier) announces, this day, the refusal of the Grand Seignior to ratify the treaty of peace concluded at Bucharest, between the Russian and Turkish Plenipotentiaries.— His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon was still at Wilna on the 15th. He enjoys the best possible health.

transaction. If we hold
out, it is probable Rus-
sia will make a separate
peace, by which means
selves completely des-
titute of all continental
connexion or influence
whatever, Hanover
will remain in the pow-
er of the enemy, pro-
bably guaranteed to
Prussia, and we can
have no possible means
of recovering a pos-
session so essential to
the honour of the King
and nation, than by
conquering some part Seventh Bulletin of the Grand Army.-
of the world which
France would accept
as an equivalent for the
Electorate. Of this I
can see no prospect,
and should therefore
consider all hope of ho-
nourable peace as put
off for ever.

"Under these circumstances I am of opinion that, at any rate, time ought to be gained, and that our endeavour ought to be, if possible, to make some arrangement, which, though exceptionable, might obtain to us the two grand points-Hanover, and the preservation of our Russian connexion.-N. B. Corsica, Sardinia, Majorca, and Minorca, might all, or any of them, be useful in producing such an arrangement."

(Sent July 16, 1806, with the Dispatch.

Wilna, July 16.

His Majesty has erected upon the right bank of the Vilia an intrenched camp, surrounded by redoubts; and constructed a citadel upon the mountain on which was the ancient palace of Jagillons. Thus, two bridges upon piles are being constructed. Three bridges upon rafts are already established. On the 8th His Majesty reviewed a part of his guard, composed of Laborde and Roguet's divisions, commanded by Marshal the Duke of Treviso, and the old guard under the orders of Marshal the Duke of Dantzic, in front of the intrenched camp. The fine appearance of these troops excited general admiration.-On the 4th, Marshal, the Duke of Tarentum, set out from his head-quarters in Rossien, the capital of Samogitia, one of the handsomest and most fertile provinces in Poland; the General of Brigade, Baron Ricard, with a part of the 7th division, to march upon Poniewicz;

the Prussian General Kleist had been sent | manded by Prince Bagration, was on the upon Chawle; and the Prussian Brigadier 1st of July at Kobren, where it had colde Jeannerel, with another Prussian bri- lected. The 9th and 13th divisions, under gade, upon Tilch. These three Generals General Tormazow, were still further off. have arrived at their destinations. Gen. On the first intelligence of the passage of the Kleist was only able to reach a single Niemen, Bagration put himself in motion Russian Hussar; the enemy having hastily to march upon Wilna; he effected his evacuated Chawle, after setting the maga-junction with Platoff's Cossacks, who were zines on fire.-General Ricard arrived early in the morning of the 6th at Poniewicz. He had the good fortune of saving the magazines which were in it, and which contained 30,000 quintals of meal. He took 160 prisoners, among which were four officers. This expedition does the greatest honour to the detachment of the Prussian Death Hussars, who were charged with the execution of it. His Majesty has bestowed the Legion of Honour on the Commandant of it, to Lieut. De Reven, to Sub-officers Werner and Pommeroit, and Brigadier Grahouski, who in this affair distinguished themselves. The inhabitants of the Province of Samogitia are distinguished for their patriotism; they were free, their country was rich, but their destinies changed with the fall of Poland. The better and finest parts of the country were given by Catherine to Soubow: the peasants, free as they were, were compelled to become slaves. The flank movement made by the army upon Wilna having turned this fine Province, it will be of the utmost utility to the army. Two thousand horses are on their march to repair the loss of the artillery. Considerable magazines have been preserved. The march of the army from Kowno upon Wilna, and from Wilna upon Dunabourg and Minsk, has obliged the enemy to abandon the Banks of the Niemen, and rendered this river free, by which numerous convoys arrive at Kowno.-We have at this moment more than 150,000 quintals of meal, 2,000,000 rations of biscuit, 600,000 quintals of rice, &c. The convoys succeed each other with rapidity; the Niemen is covered with boats.-The passage of the Niemen took place on the 24th, and the Emperor entered Wilna on the 28th. The 1st army of the west, commanded by the Emperor Alexander, is composed of 9 divisions of infantry, and 4 of cavalry: driven from post to post, it now occupies the intrenched camp at Drissa, in which the King of Naples, with the corps of Marshal Dukes of Elschingen and Reggio, several divisions of the 1st corps, and the cavalry corps of Counts Nansouty and Montbrun, keep it. The 2d army, com

opposite Grodno. Arrived upon the top of the Ivie, he learned that the road to Wilna was shut against him: he discovered that the execution of the orders he had received would be rash, and cause his ruin, Soubotnicki, Trobone, Witchnew, Volojinck being occupied by General Grouch's, General Baron Pagol, and the Prince of Eckmuhl's corps; he therefore retrograded, and took the direction of Minsk: but, arrived mid-way towards that town, he learned that the Prince of Eckmuhl had entered it; he again retrograded: from Newig he marched upon Slousk, and from thence upon Bobreusk, from whence he will have no other resource than that of crossing the Borysthenes. Thus the two armies are completely divided and separated, there being between them a distance of an hundred leagues. Prince Eckmuhl has seized upon the strong place of Boreson, upon the Beresina: 60,000 lbs. of powder, 16 pieces of besieging artillery, and some hospitals, have fallen into his power. Considerable magazines were set on fire; a part was, however, saved.-On the 10th, General Latour Maubourg sent the division of light cavalry, commanded by General Rosmeke, advanced towards Mer. It met the enemy's rear-guard at a short distance from that 'town. A very brisk engagement took place. Notwithstanding the inferiority of the Polish division in number, it remained master of the field. The General of Cossacks, Gregoriow, was killed, and 1,500 Russians were killed and wounded. Our loss, at the utmost, was not more than 500. The Polish light cavalry fought with the greatest intrepidity, and its courage supplied the want of number. The same day we entered Mer.—On the 13th the King of Westphalia had his headquarters at Nisvy.-The Viceroy has arrived at Dockchilsoui.-The Bavarians, commanded by General Count G. St. Cyr, were reviewed on the 14th at Wilna, by the Emperor. Deroy and Wrede's divisions were very fine. These troops have marched on Slouboku.-The Diet at Warsaw, being constituted into a general Confederation of Poland, has named Prince Adam Czartorinski for its President. This

Ferreri.On the 23d, at six o'clock in | the morning, the Viceroy arrived at Bechenkoviski. At ten he passed the river, and threw a bridge over the Dwina. The enemy were inclined to dispute the passage; but his artillery was dismounted. Colonel Lacroix, Aid-de camp of the Viceroy, had his thigh broken by a ball.The Emperor arrived at Bechenkoviski on the 24th, at two o'clock in the afternoon. The division of cavalry of General Count Bruyeres, and the division of General Count St. Germain, were sent on the route of Witepsk. They reposed when they had performed half their march. On the 20th, the Prince of Eckmuhl advanced upon Mohi

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low. -
The garrison, which consisted of
2,000 men, had the temerity to wish to de-
fend it; but they were sabred by the light
cavalry. On the 21st, 3,000 Cossacks
assailed the advanced posts of the Prince of
Eckmuhl; they were the advanced guard
of Prince Bagration, arrived from Bo-
brunsk. A battalion of the 85th arrested
this cloud of light cavalry, and drove it
back to a considerable distance. Bagration
appears to have availed himself of the little
activity with which he was pursued, to ad-
vance upon Bobrunsk; and thence he re-
turned against Mohilow. We occupy
Mohilow.We
Mobilow, Orcha, Disna, and Polotsk. We
are marching on Witepsk, where, it ap-
pears, the Russian army is concentrated.
Herewith is a plan of the intrenched
camp, and of the lines which the enemy
had constructed before Drissa. It is a work
which must have cost much time.

Tenth Bulletin of the Grand Army.
Wilepsk, July 31.

The Emperor of Russia and the Grand Duke Constantine have quitted the army, and repaired to the capital. On the 17th, the Russian army left the intrenched camp of Drissa, and marched towards Polotsk and Witepsk. The Russian army, which was at Drissa, consisted of five corpsd'armée, each of two divisions, and of four divisions of cavalry. One corps d'armée, that of Prince Wittgenstein, remained for the purpose of covering St. Petersburg; the four other corps, having arrived on the 24th at Witepsk, crossed to the left bank of the Dwina. The corps of Ostermann, with a party of the cavalry of the Guards, put itself in motion at daybreak of the 25th, and marched upon Os

trovno.

Battle of Ostrovno.
On the 25th of July, General Nansouty,

The

with the divisions Bruyere and St. Germain,
and the 8th regiment of light infantry, en-
countered the enemy two leagues in advance
of Ostrovno. The action commenced. Se-
veral charges of cavalry took place; all of
them were in favour of the French. The
light cavalry covered itself with glory.
The King of Naples mentions the brigade
Pire, composed of the 8th Hussars, and
16th Chasseurs, as having distinguished
itself. The Russian cavalry, of which a
part belonged to the Guards, was over-
thrown. The batteries which the enemy
opened upon our cavalry were carried.
The Russian infantry, who advanced to sup-
port their artillery, were broken and sabred
by our light cavalry. On the 26th, the
Viceroy marching with the division Delzon,
at the head of the columns, an obstinate
action of the advanced guard, of from 15
to 20,000 men, took place a league beyond
Ostrovno. The Russians were driven from
their positions one after another.
woods were carried by the bayonet.-
The King of Naples, and the Viceroy,
mention with praise Generals Baron Delzon,
Huard, and Roussel. The 8th light infan-
try, the 84th and 92d regiments of the
line, and the 1st regiment of Croats, dis-
tinguished themselves.General Rous-
sel, a brave soldier, after being the whole
day at the head of the battalions, was visit-
ing the advanced posts at ten at night, when
a sentinel took him for an enemy, fired upon
him, and the ball shattered his scull. He
ought to have died three hours sooner, on
the field of battle, by the hands of the
enemy. -On the 27th, at day-break, the
Viceroy made the division Broussier file off
in advance. The 18th regiment of light
infantry, and the brigade of light cavalry,
of the Baron de Pire, wheeled to the right.
The division Broussier marched by the great
road, and repaired a small bridge which
the enemy had destroyed. At day-break,
the enemy's rear-guard, consisting of 10,000
cavalry, was perceived drawn up en echel-
lon on the plain; their right resting on the
Dwina, and their left on a wood lined with
infantry and artillery. General Count
Broussier took post on an eminence with
the 53d regiment, waiting till the whole of
his division had passed the defile. Two
companies of Voltigeurs had marched in
advance, alone; they skirted the bank of
the river, advancing towards that enormous
mass of cavalry, which made a forward
movement, and surrounded these two hun-
dred men, who were thought to be lost,
and who ought to have been so. It hap-

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