Making Better Environmental Decisions: An Alternative to Risk AssessmentMIT Press, 2000 - 286 Seiten For the past quarter-century, government and the private sector have relied heavily on risk assessment for making decisions, allowing widespread environmental deterioration. In this book, Mary O'Brien recommends a simple yet profound shift to another decision-making technique: "alternatives assessment." Instead of asking how much of a hazardous activity is safe (which translates into how much damage the environment can tolerate), alternatives assessment asks how we can avoid or minimize damage while achieving society's goals. Alternatives assessment is a simple, commonsense alternative to risk assessment. It is based on the premise that it is not acceptable to damage human and nonhuman health or the environment if there are reasonable alternatives. The approach calls for taking precautionary measures even if some cause-and-effect relationships have not been fully established scientifically. The process must involve an examination of the full range of alternatives, including no action at all. Equally important, it must be democratic and include potentially affected parties. O'Brien not only makes a persuasive case for alternative assessment; she tells how to implement it. She also shows how this technique has profound implications for public health, for our stewardship of the environment, and for a truly democratic government. Published in association with the Environmental Research Foundation. |
Inhalt
Goal Replace Risk Assessment with Alternatives Assessment | 3 |
How Does Risk Assessment Actually Work? | 17 |
What Are We Defending with Risk Assessment? | 39 |
When Scientists Shut Their Eyes Pretending That the Safety of Hazardous Activities Can Be Estimated | 59 |
When Decision Makers Become Compromised Pronouncing Unnecessary Hazardous Activities Acceptable | 75 |
When a Society Isnt Serious About Environmental Health Assessing a Narrow Range of Options | 89 |
Who Loves Uses or Cooperates with Risk Assessment? | 101 |
Unnecessary Societal Triage Comparative Risk Assessment | 113 |
We Know How to Push for Alternatives Assessments | 171 |
The Essential Features of an Alternatives Assessment | 191 |
A Society That Assesses Its Alternatives | 203 |
Alternatives Assessment More Information Fewer Pages | 215 |
Getting Started | 225 |
Barriers to Alternatives Assessment | 235 |
Forces for Alternatives Assessment | 251 |
Notes | 255 |
Alternatives Assessment as an Alternative to Risk Assessment | 127 |
Alternatives Assessment The Case of Bovine Growth Hormone and Rotational Grazing | 129 |
Alternatives Assessment vs CostBenefit Analysis There Is More to Life Than Money | 139 |
We Already Know How to Do Alternatives Assessment | 147 |
References | 267 |
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Verweise auf dieses Buch
Risks and Decisions for Conservation and Environmental Management Mark Burgman Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2005 |
Sustainability Assessment: Criteria and Processes Robert B. Gibson,Selma Hassan Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2005 |