and well-organized school, with a provision even for infants, and it is supported by ample grounds. The Catholics have one male and female Orphan Asylum. The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio was incorporated in 1821. The edifice is in the northwest part of the city, and will accommodate 250 per sons. A part of the building is used for a poorhouse, and there are separate apartments for the insane.

The city is supplied with water raised from the Ohio River by steam power, capable of forcing into the reservoir 5,000,000 gallons of water each twelve hours. The reservoir is on elevated ground, (about 400 feet above the Ohio ;) its entire length is 368 feet; width, 135 feet; and 23 feet deep; estimated to contain 5,000,000 gallons of water. Cost, $796,000, and is the property of the city. The city is lighted with gas, supplied by the Cincinnati Gas Light and Coke Company. Capital, $100,000.

Cincinnati is an extensive manufacturing place. Its natural destitution of water power is extensively compensated at present by steam engines, and by the surplus water of the Miami Canal and the White Water Canal, which extend 25 miles, and connect with the White Water Canal of Indiana, half a mile south of Harrison, on the state line. The manufactures of the city, already enormous, may be expected to greatly increase. It appears that the manufactures of Cincinnati of all kinds, according to the census of 1850, employed a capital of $6,833,796, and produced articles valued at $19,685,022. These amounts, ac

cording to Cist, should be more than doubled to express the capital actually employed, and the value of articles produced. Wine, from the Catawba grape, is exten sively made from the produce of the numerous vineyards in the vicinity. There are 10 daily, 1 tri-weekly, and 21 weekly newspapers, and 6 semi-monthly, 24 monthly, and 2 quarterly publications printed in the city.

The site on which the Cincinnati observatory is erected is one of great beauty. The building crowns a hill which rises some 500 feet above the line of low water of the Ohio, and commands a varied and picturesque view. The main building is built of stone, 80 feet front, two stories and a half on the wings, and three in the centre. Through the centre of the main building, and founded on the natural rock, rises a pier of grouted masonry eight feet square, entirely insulated from the floors through which it passes, to furnish a permanent and immovable basis for the great equatorial telescope, one of the largest in the world, made at the Frauenhofer Institute, Munich. The focal length is about 17 feet; the diameter of the object glass, 12 inches; bearing magnifying powers varying from 100 to 1400 times. Clockwork is attached to the telescope, and its machinery and circles, by which its mass, weighing some 2500 lbs., is moved with such admirable accuracy that an object under examination may be followed by the telescope at the will of the observer. It is mounted on a stone pedestal, and rises, when directed to the zenith, some 20 feet above the floor of the

rooms. The apartment is surmounted by a roof of peculiar structure, and so arranged that a portion of the vertical wall and roof, strongly framed together, and mounted on wheels on a circular track, may, by a single person, be moved either north or south, when the entire heaven falls within the sweep of the telescope. On the floor below, in the transit room, is the transit telescope, and connected with it is an admirable sidereal clock, and also the machinery invented by Professor Mitchel; this mechanism consists of two instruments of entirely different construction, the one intended to record the observations of right ascension, the other observations of difference in declination. By means of the electro-magnet, the clock is made to record its own beats with surprising nicety, on a disk, revolving with uniform velocity on a vertical axis. This disk, covered with paper or metal, receives a minute dot, struck into it by a stylus, driven by a magnet, whose operating electric circuit is closed at each alternate beat, by a delicate vibrating wire attached to the pendulum of the clock by a spider's web; thus, at each alternate vibration of the pendulum, the circuit is closed; and the second is entered, magnetically, on the revolving disk. At the close of each revolution, the disk moves itself forward about the tenth of an inch, without check or interference with the uniformity of its angular motion, and a new circumference of time dots commences to be recorded. On the time scale thus perpetually forming the observer can enter, magnetically, by the touch of a key, the observed transit of

any star or other object across the meridian wires of the telescope. These entries are subsequently read from the disk, even to the thousandth of one second of time.

The trade of Cincinnati embraces the country from the Ohio to the lakes on the north, and from the Scioto to the Wabash east and west. The country bordering the Ohio River in Kentucky, for fifty miles down, and as far up as the Virginia line, obtain their supplies here. Its manufactures are sent into the Upper and Lower Mississippi country.

There are 6 incorporated banks, with aggregate capital of $5,800,000, besides 10 unincorporated banks; 8 fire insurance companies, 3 life insurance companies, and 1 live stock insurance company. Cincinnati is the greatest pork market in the world. The pork, bacon, lard, lard oil, star candles, soap, bristles, &c., amount in value to about 10 millions of dollars annually. Imports, year ending August 31, 1853, $51,230,644. Exports, same year, $36,266,108. Tonnage of the port, 1853, 10,191. There were 25 steamboats and 3 barges built in 1853, with an aggregate tonnage of 10,252 tons. The total arrivals of steamboats for the year 1853 was 3630, and the departures 4113.

Cincinnati enjoys great facilities for communication with the surrounding country. Two trunk-lines of railroads enter the city, viz., Little Miami and the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton. From each of these diverge numerous branches. Two other trunklines are constructing, viz., the Dayton Air Line and the Ohio and Mississippi, which is to extend to St.

Louis. From Covington, on the Kentucky side of Ohio, a railroad is constructed to the heart of Kentucky.

The city is divided into 16 wards, and is governed by a mayor, and a board of trustees of three members for each ward, styled the city council. The mayor is elected biennially, and the trustees annually.

Cincinnati was founded in 1789, by emigrants from New England and New Jersey, on the site of Fort Washington. It has grown with great rapidity, and being the great emporium of the centre, it must continue to increase with a ratio unprecedented.

CLEVELAND.

City and port of entry and court house Cuyahoga county. On Lake Erie, at the mouth of Cuyahoga River. It derives its name from General Moses Cleveland, an agent of the Connecticut land company, who accompanied the first surveying party to the Connecticut Reserve, and under whose direction the town was first surveyed in 1796. The Indian title to the land it occupies had been extinguished two years before; but on the opposite side of the Cuyahoga River the Indians retained their title till 1805. Cleveland was incorpo-rated as a village in 1814, and as a city in 1836. Population in 1799, one family; in 1825, about 500; in 1830, 1000; in 1840, 6071; in 1850, 17,054; in 1857, about 35,000. It is 130 miles north-west from Pitts