A NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER, CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL KATIONS, EMPIRES, KINGDOMS, STATES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, FORTS, SEAS, HARBOURS, RIVERS 13379 OF THE KNOWN WORLD, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE EXTENT, BOUNDARIES AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS OF EACH COUNTRY; THE GOVERNMENT, CUSTOMS, ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY R. BROOKES, M. D. THE WHOLE RE-MODELLED AND THE HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL DEPARTMENT BROUGHT BY JOHN MARSHALL, ESQ. WITH NUMEROUS ADDITIONS BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR, INCLUDING THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED AND CONTAINING A BRIEF DICTIONARY OF COMMERCE, GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF ALL THE MONEYS IN THE KNOWN WORLD, AND ALL THE MINERALS, VEGETABLES, ANIMALS, BIRDS, FISHES, AND INSECTS, THAT ARE ENTERED according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by W. MARSHALL & Co., in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PRINTED BY T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS PHILADELPHIA. A NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER, OR GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. AA AA, the name of 13 rivers, in Western Europe, viz. 1st, rises . Samogitia, runs through the Duchy of Courland into the bay of Riga; 2nd, in Saxony, falling into Lake Blanken; 3d, in Switzerland, falling into Lake Lucerne; 4th, do. into Lake Walstadten; 5th, do. into the Aar river; 6th, in Westphalia, falling into the Wehr; 7th, do. into the Vecht; 8th, do. into the Ems; 9th, in Holland, falling into the Vecht, at Swartsluys; 10th, do. into the Oldyssel; 11th, in Overyssel, falling into ake Giter; 12th, in Brabant, falling into the Dommel; and 13th, in pas de Calais, France, falling into the sea at Gravelines. dach, the name of a river in Switzerland, and of two others in Suabia, nd also of a town in Suabia, about 30 miles N. of Constance. Aahaus, the chief town of a small district of the same name, in the government of Munster, one of the Prussian states, in the province of Westphalia. Aan-Charain, a village near Jerusalem, said to be the pace where Zacharius lived. It is frequented by pilgrims; and near it there is a convent, a large elegant building, with a handsome cupola, and under it an extraordinary fine mosaic pavement; the a ar, which is a very splendid one, encompassed with marble steps, is said to be built on the very spot where John the Baptist was born. Aalborg, one of the four bishoprics of the Peninsular province of Jutland, being the most northerly part, and about 120 square miles in extent, containing about 90,000 inhabitants. The chief town, of L.e same name, is situate on the south coast of the Gulf of Lymfiord, in N. lat. 57. 3. E. long. 7. 56. Next to Copenhagen it is the most considerable town in Denmark. It has an exchange for merchants; the episcopal palace, two churches, two poor-houses, a hospital, convent and cathedral school-house, are all respectable edifices; and it has a considerable trade in corn, herrings, re-arms, saddles, gloves, &c. It was taken by the Swedes in 1643 and 1658 Aar, a large river in Switzerland, which rises in a lake, near Mount Saalberg, in the S. of the canton of Bern, and running N. W. through the whole extent of the lake of Brienz and Thun to Bern, takes a circuitous course to Soleure; whence it flows E. to Arburg, and N. E. to Brugg; below which, being joined by the Renss and Linmatt, it falls into the Rhine opposite Waldschut; also the name of two other rivers, one ris AA ing in the Grand Duchy of the lower Rhine, falling into the Rhine, the other rising in Nassau, falling into the Lahn. Aargau, formerly a district, but formed into a canton of Switzerland; about 650 sq. m. in extent. Pop. in 1798 about 130,000. Aarhuus, the second of the four bishoprics of Jutland; it is a very fruitful district, on the side of the Peninsula, extending for about 60 m. along the shore of the Cattegat, bounded on the W. by the bishopric of Viborg, intersected by numerous streams, abounding with fish, and is richly adorned with forests. It contains the residences of a great portion of the nobility of Denmark. The chief town of the same name is situate on the coast, in 56. 10. N. lat. 10. 13. E. long. The town is divided into two unequal parts, by water conveyed from a lake about 15 m. in the interior. It is large and populous; and has six gates, wc principal churches, two market-places; a university, a free-school, and a well-endowed hospital, and has a considerable trade in grain, timber, &c. Aaron's Island. See St. Malo. Aaronsburg, t. Northumberland Co. Pa. It is situated a little more than a mile E. of Elk creek, which unites with Penn's creek, falling into the Susquehanna, 5 m. below Sunbury Aaronsburg, p.t. Centre Co. l'a. 15 m. E. Bellefonte. Abach or Weltenburg, a market town in Lower Bavaria, seated on the Danube, 7 m. from Ratisbon. It is defended by a citadel, and is remarkable for Roman antiquities, as well as for its mineral waters, which are celebrated for curing various diseases. Long. 11. 56. E. lat. 48. 53. N. Abade, or Sheick Abade, a village of Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile, 80 m. S. of Cairo; immense architectural ruins testify its having been the site of a great and populous city. Abadeh, a considerable town at the mouth of the Tigris, province of Fars, Persia. Abakansk, a town situate on a branch of the river Yenisei, in the province of Kolhyvane, government of Tobolsk, Asiatic Russia. It was founded in 1707, and rebuilt in 1725, and since fortified: some ancient tombs with fine inscriptions, bespeak it to have been a place of impor tance, prior to the conquest of Siberia by Russia. N. lat. 54. E. long. 91. 14. Abalak, a town in the vicinity of Siberia, cele hrated for an image of the Virgin, which is visit |