1961 1992

OF

VOLUME IV.

PART I.

GALLERY OF NATURE.

BOOK II.

19

21

GEOLOGY continued.

Chap:

Page

XXXIV. Atmospherical Department

1

SECT. I. Composition of the Atmosphere

ib.

ii. Atmospheric Air

4

iii. Atmospheric Water

14

iv. Atmospheric Carbonic Acid

v. Atmospheric unknown Bodies

vi. Variation of the Atmosphere

24

XXXV. Zones and Climates ·

41

XXXVI Nature, Properties, and Variations of Heat 50

Sect. i. Sources and Effects of Heat

ib.

ii. Variation of Local lleat

67

iii. Variation of Heat in Countries best known, or most

exposed to it

74

XXXVII. Degrees and Effects of severe Cold in High

Latitudes, &c.

86

Sect. i. Cold of the South Polar Regions

ib.

ii. Ice-Islands, and Sufferings of Lieutenant Riou, in

the Guardian Frigate

95

ii. Cold of the North Polar Regioris

, as ascertained by

Lord Mulgrave

100

iv. The same, as ascertained by Capt. Cook, with his

Discovery of a Passage from the Pacific Ocean,

Northward

106

v. State of the Globe within the Arctic Circle

111

vi. Effects of Cold at Hudson's Bay, in 1741-2

114

vii. Extraordinary degree of Cold at Glasgow, in Jan.

1780

121

XXXVIII. Evaporation

129

XXXIX. Formation and Nature of Dew, Mist, Fogs,

Clouds, Rain, Snow, apd Hail

189

Sect. i. General Remarks

ib.

ji. Annual Fall of Rain

150

jii, Fall of Butter-like Dew in Ireland

152

153

iv. Dense Fog on the Island of Sumatra

v. Violent Showers of Rajn in different places

155

vi. Storm of Salt Rain

157

VOL. IV.

b

157

ib.

ib.

Chap

Page

v. Violent Showers of Rain in different places

155

vi. Storm of Salt Rain

vii. Volcanic Showers, or Rain

161

1. General Remarks

2. Showers of Ashes in the Archipelago

ib,

3. Shower of Dust that fell on a Snip near Iceland ib.

4. New kind of Rain

162

5. Surprising Shoal of Pumice-Stones found floating

on the Sea

165

viji. Shower of Fishes

166

ix. On the Nature of Snow

ib.

1. Configuration of its Crystals

2. Mode of its Formation

170

x. Snow of a Red Colour

172

1. Descent of Red Snow at Genoa

ib.

2.

in the Alps

173

xi. Avalanches, or falling Masses of detached and in-

cumbent Snow-heaps, from the Summits of lofty

Mountains

175

xii. General Nature of Hail

181

xiii. Violent Hail-Storms, accompanied with Stones of

unusual size

182

XL. On Winds, or Atmospherical Currents

185

Sect. i. General Remarks on the Nature and Origin of Winds,

Trade. Winds, Monsoons, Partial Winds, and Hur.

ricanes

ib.

ii. Methodical Arrangement, Intensity, and Velocity

of Winds

205

iii. Perennial, or Trade Winds

207

iv. Periodical Winds

211

1. Tropical Sea. Winds, or Monsoons

ib.

2. Etesian Wind

217

3. Tropical Land Wind

219

4. Khumseen

222

5. Sirocco

223

6. Long-Shore Wind

224

7. Land and Sea Breezes

225

8. Harmattan

226

v. Topical or Toral Winds

232

1. Samiel, or Samyel

ib.

2. Simoom

233

3. Mistral, or Circius, and Autun

234

vi. Occasional Winds; as Hurricanes, Tempests, Tor.
nados, and Whirlwinds

235

1. Hurricanes of the West Indies

ib.

2. Hurricanes of the Indian Coast

238

3. Hurricane in Huntingdonshire, Sept. 8, 1741 244

4. Tempest at Wigton, Cumberland

246

5. General Remarks on Tornados, or Whirlwinds

6. Dreadful Whirlwind at Cambridge, New England 249

7. Whirlwind at Corne Abbas, Dorsetshire 251

Chap

ib.

Page

8. Account of two considerable Hurricanes in

Northamptonshire

252

9. Fiery Whirlwind in Norfolk

253

10. Whirlwinds of Sand

ib.

XLI. On the Prester, or Water-Spout

256

Sect. i. General Remarks

ib.

ii. Genuine Presters, or Water-Spouts

262

1. Observed in the Mediterranean

2. In the Moors of Lancashire

265

3. Near the Lipari Islands

266

ji. Mimic Water-Spouts

267

1. At Hatfield, Yorkshire

ib.

2. Another at same place

:

268

3. In Lincolnshire

269

XLII. General Nature and Properties of the Electric

Fluid

270

Sect. i. Its relation to common Matter

ib.

ii. Communication and Velocity of Electricity

275

iii. Atinospherical Electricity

297

XLIII. Electricity of Thunder and Lightning

300

Sect. i. General History of this Interesting Discovery

ib.

ii. Invention and Curious Properties of the Electrical

Kite

305
iii. Means of preventing Mischief from Lightning 308

iv. Thunder-Storms remarkable for their Violence or

Effects

312

v. Death of Professor Richman by Lightning

353

XLIV. On Magnetism

362

Sect. i. General Remarks on the Theory of Maguetism ib.

ii. On the Cause of the Change in the Magnetic Needle 377

iii. Magnetic Experiments

387

XLV. Aurora Borealis and Australis

393

Sect. i. General History and Remarks

ib.

ii. Surprising Lights in the Air, March 6, 1716 400

iii. Lumen Boreale, or Streaming

414

iv. Remarkable Red Lights seen in various places in

the Air, Dec. 16, 1737

416

V, Account of Luminous Arches

421

XLVI. Blazing Balls and Burning Stones

425

Sect, i. General Remarks

ib.

ii. Various Extraordinary Meteors, or Lights, in the

Sky

427

iïi. Blazing Meteor seen all over England, March 19,

1719

432

iv. Meteor of a Flaming Sword seen in Yorkshire, and

elsewhere

441

v. Luminous Meteor at Peckham

442

vi. Various Fiery Meteors, with Observations

, Bass,
C W-r1-... 26 :-). Riza:

2:0
But, i L10 of 16 7.18, A2 Deces-

i. Wata Sara; urrical Appearases cé Figznes

is *** *2.5: Ai, 1.. je faro dessa
bos, 3 s'a: 1- , in of Arpara! E-stuie, ty
4", Cres de 7:1:; *2: ::. .:: aces

514 iv. Current 2: Lurie Retrze issir e des

516 1. Fasilia, o leitas, sees at Dacizie

521 vi. Pyrasidal Air21.ce in the treated, observed in Lex

592 vii, Parhelia at Sudbury, suik

593 viis. Two Mock-Suns and an Are of a Ranbow in.

524 in. Braatiful liridescent Arcles in a Mist

526 z. Peculiar wiar and Luras Irises in South America 528 ni. Lunar Rainbow in Derhyshire

529 zii, Description of a Glory on Mount Realt, near the Vale of Clwyd

530 XLIX, Of Sounds and Echoes

553 tuit. i. Gmeral Observations on the Nature of Sound, Whispering Domes, and Echoes

ib. ii. Extraordinary Whispering Places and Echoes

546 iii. Singular Sympathetic Action of Two Pendulum Clocks on each other

547