tyrannus, Lycaon. As subst., Arcas, -adis, Arcas, son of Jupiter and Callisto, progenitor of the Arcadians; pl. Arcades, -um, Arcadians, natives of Arcadia, in the Peloponnesus. arceō, -ēre, -ui, , 2, a., shut up, enclose; keep away, hold off, keep at a distance; drive away, avert, restrain, hinder, prevent. Arcitenēns, -entis, [arcus + tenēns, from teneō], adj., holding | a bow, carrying a bow, bow-bearing. As subst., Arcitenēns, -entis, the Bow-bearer, the god Apollo. Arctos, -1, acc. Arcton, [ ̃ApêтOS], f., Great Bear, a constellation near the north pole. Cf. N. to p. 71, 1. 48. arcus, -ūs, m., bow; by metonymy,

rainbow; of waves, swell; of a serpent, in pl., folds, coils; of a shore, in pl., bays; of a structure or cavern, arch, vault. ārdēns, -entis, [ārdeō], adj., glowing, burning, fiery; hot, ardent. ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsum, 2,

n.,

be on fire, burn, blaze; be inflamed, be aglow; flash, shine; burn with rage; burn with love; be afire, glow.

ārdēsco, ardēscere, arsī,

[ārdeō], 3, n., take fire, kindle, be inflamed, be on fire; gleam, light up.

arduum, -1, [arduus], n., steep

place, height, eminence; difficulty. arduus, -a, -um, adj., steep, high,

elevated, lofty; hard, difficult. ārea, -ae, f., ground, site; open place, yard; threshing-floor. ārēns, -entis, [āreō], adj., dry, parched; thirsty, arid. āreō, ārēre, āruī,

, 2, n., be

dry, be parched. Arethusa, -ae, ['Apélovσa], f., Arethusa, a famous spring on

the island of Ortygia, within the walls of Syracuse. For the story of the spring see N. to p. 128, 1. 25. argenteus, -a, -um, [argentum], adj., of silver, made of silver; of a silver color, silvery. argentea prōlēs, the Silver Age. argentum, -1, n., silver; by metonymy, silver work, plate; silver

money.

Argīvus, -a, -um, [Argos], adj., of Argos, Argive; as the Argives were Greeks, Greek, Grecian; hence pl. as subst., Argīvī, -ōrum, Greeks.

Argolicus, -a, -um, ['Apyoλikós],

adj., Argolic; Grecian.

Argos, sing. only in nom. and acc., n., and Argī, -ōrum, ["Apyos], m., Argos, the capital of Argolis, in the eastern part of the Pelopon

nesus.

argumentum, -ī, [arguō], n., argument, evidence, proof; material, contents, subject. animi laetī argumenta, indications of a glad heart.

arguō, -guere, -guī, -gūtum, 3, a.,

make known, prove, declare; censure, blame, accuse, reprove, de

nounce.

āridus, -a, -um, [āreō], adj., dry,

parched, arid; hot, burning; dried up, scanty, poor. ariēs, -ietis, m., ram; as a constellation, Ariēs, -ietis,. the Ram, one of the signs of the Zodiac; as military term, battering-ram.

Arīōn, -onis, acc. Arīona, [Apíwv], m., Arion, a wonderful Greek musician, said to have been a native of Lesbos. See N. to p. 52, 1. 1. Arīonius, -a, -um, [Arīōn], adj., of Arion, Arion's.

arista, -ae, f., beard of grain; by synecdoche, head of grain, ear of grain.

arma, -ōrum, n. pl., armor, outfit, referring to defensive weapons, as coat of mail, helmet, shield, greaves; implements of war, arms, weapons; protection, defence; war, forces; also, in a general sense, implements, tools. armātus, -a, -um, [armō], adj., armed, in arms, equipped; furnished, provided. As subst., armātī, -ōrum, armed men, men in arms, soldiers.

armentum, -1, [ārō], n., cattle for

plowing; plow-cattle, plow-kine; oxen; herd, drove.

armifer, -era, -erum, [arma + ferō], adj., bearing arms, armed; warlike.

armus, -1, [apμós], m., shoulder,

of animals; whereas umerus is the shoulder of a human being.

arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, I, a., plow, cultivate, till.

arripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptum, [ad + rapiō], 3, a., snatch to one's self, grasp, seize, lay hold of. ars, artis, f., skill, art; practice, virtue; cunning, trick, business, profession; science, knowledge. artifex, -ficis, [ars, faciō], (1) As adj., skilled, clever, dexterous; (2) As subst., artifex, -ficis, m. and f., artificer, author, contriver, trickster.

artus, -a, -um, [arceō], adj., dense,

close, confined, narrow, strait. artūs, -uum, m., pl., joints, limbs ; by synecdoche, body, frame, form of a being.

arvum, -1, [arvus], n., plowed land, plowland; arable land, field, glebe; in pl. often plains, regions, country.

arvus, -a, -um, [ārō], cultivated by plowing, arable.

arx, arcis, f., castle, citadel, stronghold; highest point, summit; the Capitol at Rome. summā in

arce, at the very top, upon the extreme height.

·

Ascraeus, -a, -um, adj., of Ascra, a town in Boeotia, birth place of Hesiod, the early Greek poet who wrote the "Theogony and the "Works and Days." As subst., Ascraeus, -1, the man of Ascra, the bard of Ascra, the Ascrean, i. e. Hesiod. aspergō, -inis, [aspergō, spatter upon, from ad + spargō], f., a besprinkling, sprinkling; spray. drops.

aspiciō, -ere, -exi, -ectum, [ad + speciō], 3, a., look at, behold, observe; inspect, examine; see, consider, ponder.

Astraea, -ae, l'Aorpaía], fem., Astraea, daughter of Zeus and Themis, or, according to others, of Astraeus and Eos. In the Golden Age, it was said, she lived among men and blessed them; and when the earth became too wicked for immortals to dwell upon it, she was the last of them to leave it. astrum, -1, [ǎoтpov], n., star, constellation; in pl. often sky, heavens.

at, conj, introducing (1) a contrast, but, but on the other hand, but yet; (2) a qualification, after a negative and si, etsi, etc., but yet, yet, nevertheless, however, at least; (3) a direct opposition, but, but on the contrary. āter, ātra, ātrum, adj., black, dark, gloomy; sad, dismal. Atlantiadēs, -ae, [Atlas], m., patr., descendant of Atlas; ap

plied to Mercury, grandson of Atlas, being the son of Atlas's daughter Maia.

Atlās, -antis, ["ATλas], m., (1) Atlas, son of the Titan Iapetus, and king of Mauretania, in northern Africa. According to Ovid, he refused hospitality to Perseus, and was metamorphosed into a mountain; hence (2) Atlas, a high mountain in the northwestern part of the continent of Africa.

atque, before consonants ac, conj.,

mi

(1) copulative, and also, and even, and; (2) comparative, as, than, than as. similis atque, just as. contra atque, contrary to what. simul ac, as soon as. Atrīdēs, ae, [Atreus], m., patr., son of Atreus, applied to both Agamemnon and Menelaus, Agamemnon being the older. nor Atrīdēs, Menelaus. ātrium, -iī, n., in a dwelling, hearth-room, the room containing the family hearth; forecourt, hall; by synecdoche, dwelling, house. attamen, at tamen. attenuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum, [ad+ tenuō, I, a., make thin: diminish, lessen; reduce, impair, weaken.

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atterō, -terere, -trīvī, -trītum,

[ad + terō], 3, a., rub against; rub away, wear; waste, injure. Attis, -idis, acc. Attin, ["ATTIS],

m., Attis, a beautiful shepherd of Celaenae, in Phrygia. He was beloved by the goddess Cybele, and having suffered a violent death was changed into a pinetree, or, as some say, into a violet. attollō, -ere, -, [ad + tollo], 3, a., lift up, raise up, raise; erect, elevate, exalt.

attonitus, -a, -um, [ad + tonō], stunned, astounded; awe-struck; frantic, frenzied. terrōre attonitus, struck with terror. auctor, -ōris, m and f., creator, originator, producer; of persons, father, progenitor; of cities or structures, builder, founder; of statements, author, narrator, witness, authority, teacher; of deeds or works, counsellor, promoter, director, adviser.

auctus, -ūs, [augeō], m., an augmenting, increase, accession; growth, abundance. audācia, -ae, [audāx], f., courage,

boldness; daring, bravery. audāx, -ācis, [audeō], adj., cour

ageous, bold, daring, spirited; audacious, presumptuous, foolhardy, rash.

audeō, -dēre, ausus sum, 2, semidep., venture, dare; dare to do, risk, attempt.

audiō, īre, -īvi or -il, -Itum, 4, a., hear, hear of; listen to, regard; assent to, agree to; heed, obey. Neut part as subst, auditum, -1, that which has been heard, audīta, -ōrum, what has been heard.

auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum, [ab + ferō], irr., a., take away, remove, carry away, carry off; sweep away, snatch away, destroy ; obtain, get, receive.

augeō, augere, auxi, auctum, 2, a., increase, enlarge, augment; add to, extend.

augurium, -ïî, [auguror], n., obser

vation of omens, interpretation of omens, augury; prediction, interpretation.

auguror, -ārī, -ātus, [augur), I, dep., actas augur; augur, predict, divine, foretell; surmise, imagine, suppose.

Augustus, -1, [augustus, majestic], m., Augustus, cognomen of Octavius Caesar, the first emperor of Rome. His reign commenced with the battle of Actium, B. C. 31, and ended with his death, A. D. 14. In his time was the Golden Age of Roman literature and art. aulaeum, -1, [avλaía], n., tapestry; of a theatre, curtain. Cf. N. to p. III, 1. 89.

aura, -ae, [aŭpa], f., air in motion, breath of air, breath, breeze; air, atmosphere; breath of life, vital air; the upper air, heavens. aurātus, -a, -um, [aurum], adj., adorned with gold,gilded; of gold, golden.

aureus, -a, -um, [aurum], adj., of gold, golden; gilded, gold-gleaming, glittering like gold; beautiful, magnificent. vis aurea, goldproducing power, power of turning things into gold.

aurifer, -era, -erum, [aurum + ferō], adj., gold-bearing, goldproducing.

aurīga, -ae, [aurea + agō], m., charioteer, driver; of a boat or ship, pilot. auris, -is, f., ear.

aurēs prae

Ausonia, -ae, [Ausones, the Ausonians], f., Ausonia, country of the Ausones in southern Italy, Lower Italy; by metonymy, Italia, Italy.

Ausonis, -idis, adj., Ausonian, of Ausonia. Ausonis ōra, the Ausonian coast, the coast of Lower Italy.

auspicium, -il, [auspex], n., divination from the flight of birds, augury from birds, auspices; sign, omen; as military term, since the commander-in-chief took the auspices for the whole army, guidance, command; hence authority, will, power.

auster, -strī, m., south wind; per

sonified, Auster, -strī, Southwind, god of the south wind; by metonymy, realm of the south wind, southern country, the South.

austrālis, -e, [auster], adj., south

ern, south. polus austrālis,

the south Pole.

ausum, -1, [audeō], n., daring attempt, bold deed; venture, bold undertaking.

aut, conj., marking an important difference, or; sometimes corrective or conditional, or at least, or else, or rather, otherwise. aut

or.

aut

-or-or.

- aut, either aut aut, either autumnālis, -e, [autumnus], adj., of autumn, autumnal. autumnus, -ī, m., autumn, fall. auxiliāris, -e, [auxilium], helping, auxiliary; affording help, helpbringing

auxilium, ī, n., help, aid, support; assistance, relief, remedy; as military term, pl., auxiliary troops, auxiliaries. avāritia, -ae, [avārus], f., greed, avarice, cupidity.

avārus, -a, -um, [aveō, eagerly desire], adj., eagerly desirous; greedy, covetous, avaricious; in a good sense, earnestly desirous, eager, zealous.

ävellō, -vellere, -velli and -vulsi,

-vulsum, or -volsum, [ab + vellō], 3, a, tear away, pluck off; snatch away, pluck; remove by force.

avēna, -ae, f., oat, oats; by me

tonymy, straw, reed, such as might be used for a shepherd's pipe; hence oaten pipe, shepherd's pipe. Avernus, -a, -um, [ǎopvos, without birds, because birds could not fly over Lake Avernus on account of its exhalations], adj., Avernian, of lake Avernus, a small lake on the west side of Italy near Cumae, famous as a supposed entrance to the Underworld; hence by metonymy, of the Underworld, of the Lower World.

āvertō, tere, -ti, -sum, [ā +

vertō], 3, a., turn away, turn aside; avert, ward off, repulse; retire, withdraw; divert, alienate, estrange.

avidus, -a, -um, {aveō], adj., desirous, eager, greedy; ravenous, gluttonous, insatiable.

avis, is, f., bird; omen, portent, sign; auspices.

avītus, -a, -um, ‘[avus], adj., of a grandfather; hence of ancestors,

ancestral.

āvius, -a, -um, [ā + via], adj., out of the way, remote; trackless, pathless, impassable. Neut. pl. as subst., āvia, -ōrum, n., unfrequented places, solitary places, solitudes.

avus, -ī, m., grandfather; by metonymy, forefather, ancestor.

axis, -is, m., axle of a chariot or

wagon, axle-tree; by metonymy, sometimes in pl., chariot, car, wagon; of the earth or heavens, axis of revolution, hence axis of the heavens, pole, heavens.

B,

Babylōnius, -a, -um, [Babylōn], adj., of Babylon, Babylonian. bāca, -ae, f., any small round fruit; berry, olive-berry, olive; by metonymy, pearl, Bacchēus, -a, -um, [BákxeioS], adj., of Bacchus, Bacchic. Bacchiadae, -ārum, [Baкxiádai), m., descendants of Bacchis, an early king of Corinth; Bacchiadae, Bacchiads. Having been deprived of power at Corinth by Cypselus, tradition said, some of the family migrated to Sicily and founded the city of Syracuse, in the year 734 B. C. bacchor, -ārī, -ātus sum, [Bacchus], I, dep., celebrate the festival of Bacchus; revel, rave. Bacchus, -1, [Вáκxos], m., Bacchus, also called Dionysos; son of Jupiter and Semele, foster-son of Silenus, and god of wine and intoxication; by metonymy, the vine, grape-vine, grape, wine. baculum, -1, n., staff, walking-stick stick, cane. Baliaricus, -a, -um, [Baliārēs, Baλiapeîs, slingers], adj., Balearic, of the Baleares, natives of the Balearic islands, east of Spain, famous as slingers. ballista, -ae, [Báλλw], f., ballista, a military engine on the principle of the catapult, which hurled stones with great force and to a considerable distance. The stones hurled were rounded off

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