STAPLE, another form of STABLE; firm, established.

STARCH, another form of STARK, stiff, firm, confirmed, established; as, "stark mad." Starch is used for stiffening linen, &c. It also means stiff, formal, precise. Compare MARCH from mark; CROUCH from crook; MILCH from milk; BREACH from break; SPEECH from speak, &c.

STAVE, another form of STAFF, a stick used for supporting or assisting one while walking; and hence, the term has been applied to the officers in special attendance on a general, as "the General's staff." STAVE off is to keep off, or to defend one's self with a stave. STAVE, to break (in the past tense, STOVE), is properly to break up any thing made of staves, as a barrel.

STEEPLE, from steep, high. See page li. STEP, that which enables us to ascend, is also from steep.

STERN (the steering place), the hind part of a ship.

STICK (a long, slender piece of wood), a staff. STICK, to fasten or pin against; to adhere to.

STICKLE, a frequentative of STICK, to stick or adhere to, to defend or advocate.

STOCK, the trunk or stem of a tree; so called from being stuck or fixed in the ground; a family or race; fixed quantity or store of any thing; a stock or capital in trade; that part of a gun in which the barrel is stuck or fixed.

STOCKS, a place of confinement, in which the legs of the offenders are stuck. STOCKS, a frame in which ships are stuck or fixed, while building. STOCKS, the public funds.

STRAIN, to squeeze or press; to press too much or violently; to force or constrain. Hence, to strain one's ancle; to strain a point.

STUD (another form of stood), a number of horses standing together; a set of horses; a nail or button for fixing or keeping things steady; the head of a nail or similar ornament set or fixed on any thing.

TADPOLE. See GADFLY, page lvii. TALENT, a weight or sum of money; also (from the parable of the Talents), a natural gift; a faculty or power.

TAMPER, to try a person's temper, with the view of practising upon it.

TANTALIZE, from Tantalus, as to HECTOR, from the Trojan hero Hector. The etymology of the vulgar term, "TO BURKE," may yet puzzle posterity.

TAP, to strike or hit with the tip of any thing, as the finger; to knock gently.

TAPER, a wax candle; a light. Hence,TAPER (formed like a taper), conical; slender.

TENDER (to extend the arm), to offer. TENDER (put for attender), a small vessel which attends upon the fleet, &c.

TENDRIL, the young or tender spirals of

news. From TIDE, which primarily meant time. Hence, TIDY, doing every thing in its proper time; orderly; neat.

TIGHT, from tied. See page li.

TRICE is from thrice, and means in an instant; before you could say thrice. TRIFLE. It seems another form of trivial. TWILIGHT, the waning light between day and dark.

TWIN, from twoen. TWAIN, TWINE, and TWEEN, as in between, are the different forms of the same word.

TWIST, that which is twiced. See page li. UPHOLSTERER, another form of UPHOLDER, (upholdster, upholsterer,) a bearer or supporter at a funeral; one who undertakes to supply funerals; and hence, one who provides furniture or UPHOLSTERY for houses. pare UNDERTAKER; and see HOLSTER, page Îviii.

Com

USHER, one that stands at a door, for the purpose of introducing strangers or visitors; and hence, an under teacher-one who introduces or initiates young children in the rudiments or elements of learning.

UTTER, for outer, farther out; and hence, extreme, as in "utter darkness;" also (to give out words), to speak (to give or sell out); to publish; to vend. See EXPRESS. "Till to the bridge's utter gate I came."-SPENSER. VAULT, an arched cellar. Hence, VAULT, leap in an arched or circular direction.

to

Το

WARN, from the old verb ware-en, as in beware. Compare LEARN* from lear-en; for the old form was lear, whence LCRE warn is, to tell a person to beware, or to be wary.

WAVER, from wave. "For he that wavereth is like a WAVE of the sea, driven with the wind and tossed."

WHISK, a quick sweeping motion; a kind of brush for sweeping; hence, WHISKER, from the resemblance to a whisk or brush. "No thought advances, but the eddy brain

Whisks it about, and down it goes again."-POPE. WIG, an abbreviation of PERIWIG, which is corrupted from the French PERUKE.

WILD, will, willed, wil'd, WILD. Selfwilled, or following one's own will.

WINNOW, to separate the grain from the chaff by means of the wind; to sift or ex

amine.

WIZARD. For the affix, ARD, see page 1. WRONG, from wring, as SONG from sing. WRONG means wrung, or wrested from the right or correct course of conduct.

*Also WEAR (wear-en), worn; and TEAR (tear-en),

Jection, to cast back or refuse; subject, subjection, cast under, in the dominion or power of, &c.

PORT, to bear or carry. Port, bearing or carriage; porter, a carrier; portable, fit or able to be carried; portmanteau (for carrying a mantle or cloak); portfolio (for carrying a folio); comport, comportment; deport, deportment (the manner of conducting or demeaning one's self); export, to carry out; exportation; import, to carry into, to imply or mean, to be of importance; importation; important (carrying into), of consequence; purport (to bear forward), to import or mean; report, a carrying back, sc. of noise (as the report of a gun) or news; reporter; support, to carry or bear under, to assist or uphold; supporter; transport, to carry beyond, sc. the seas, or ourselves, transportation, &c.

PRESS, to force or urge. Press, a frame or case in which clothes, &c., are kept in press, or when folded up; also, the machine used for printing or impressing the paper with the types; and figuratively, the term has been applied to printing, and in an especial manner to newspaper printing. Hence, the terms "liberty of the press," "licentiousness of the press,' ," "gentlemen of the press ;” the press-gang (persons commissioned in war times to press or force mariners to serve in the navy). A press-bed folds or shuts up in the form of a press; express is to press out or UTTER our thoughts; also, to send out or off speedily or specially; whence the term expressly. The other words in which this root is found, are numerous and easy; as pressure, compress, depress, impress, oppress, suppress, &c.

LATIN ROOTS.

inactive, inactivity, overact, react, reaction, transect, transaction, inactive, &c. Also (from its frequentative, AGITO, to drive, tɔ stir up, or excite), agitate, agitation, agita tator, cogitate, cogitative, cogitation, &c. Hence, also, navigable, navigate, naviga tion, navigator, circumnavigate, circumnavigator, circumnavigation, &c.

ALTER, another. Alter, alterable, alterant, alteration, alterative, altercation, altern, alternate, alternative, adulterate, adulteration, subaltern, inadulterate, &c.

AMO, to love; AMATUS, loved. Amiable, amiably, amiableness, amiability, amour, amorous, amorously, amorousness, amateur, amatory, enamour, paramour, &c. Also (from its derivative AMICUS, a friend), amity, amicable, amicably, amicableness, enemy,t enmity, inimical, &c.

ANGULUS, a corner, an angle. Angle, angular, angularity, equiangular, quadrangle, quadrangular, rectangle, rectangular, triangle, triangular, &c.

ANIMA, breath, spirit, life. Animate, animated, animation, animal, aninialcule, inanimate, inanimated, reanimate, reanimated, exanimate, &c.

ANIMUS, the mind. Animadvert, animadversion, animosity, equanimity, magnanimity, magnanimous, magnanimously, pusillanimity, pusillanimous, pusillanimously, unanimity, unanimous, unanimously, &c.

ANNUS, a year. Annals, annalist, anniversary, Anno Domini, or A.D., annual, annually, annuity, annuitant, biennial, triennial, septennial, perennial, millennium, superannuate, superannuation, &c.

ANTIQUUS, old or ancient. Antiquary, antiquarian, antiquated, antique, antiquity, ancient, anciently, ancientness, antic, &c.

APTUS, fit, apt, meet. Apt, aptly, aptness, aptitude, adapt, adaptation, inaptitude, inept, ineptly, ineptitude, &c.

AQUA, water. Aquatic, aqueous, aquarius, aquafortis, aquamarina, aquavitæ, aqueduct, terraqueous, &c.

ARMA, arms. Arm, arms, army, armour, armorial, armory, armada, armament, armistice, unarmed, &c.

AGO, to do or act; ACTUS, done. Agent, agency, act, active, actively, activeness, activity, actor, actress, action, actionable, actual, actually, actuary, actuate, cogent, cogency, counteract, enact, enactor, enactment, exact, exactly, exactor, exactness, exaction, exigence, exigency, exigent, inaction,

*Port. From PORTO, to carry: PORTATUS, carried.

4go, to do. It is much better to English Latin and Greek verbs in a general way, (that is, by the infinitive mood,) than to give the exact translation, which, with persons ignorant of the learned languages, seems to limit their meaning to the first person singular, present tense. Besides, it is ridiculous. to hear children calling out, "pendeo, I hang;" cado, I kill;" "pario," &c. &c.

cial, artificially, &c.

AUDIO, to hear; AUDITUS, heard. Audible, audibly, audience, audit, auditor, audi torship, auditory, inaudible, &c.

AUGEO, to increase; AUCTUS, increased. Augment, augmentation, auction, § auctioneer, author, authoress, authorize, authoriz

Navigate is from NAVIS, a ship, and AGo, in the sense of to lead or conduct.

Enemy, Enmity. The prefix en in these words (which we derive through the French) represents in in its negative sense. See page 1.

Ars. When two words are given, as ARS (ARTIS), the first is the nominative, and the second the geni tive or possessive case. In such words the deriva tives are formed from the genitive case.

Auction. Because the price goes on increasing till the sale is effected.

Author. Properly, one who increases, generates, or produces any thing.

ation, authority, authoritative, authoritativeness, unauthorized, autumn.

BARBARUS, rude, savage. Barbarous, barbarously, barbarian, barbarity, barbaric, barbarism, barbarize, Barbary, barb. BELLUM, war. Belligerent, belligerous, rebel, rebellion, rebellious, rebelliously, rebelliousness, &c.

BENE, well, good. Benediction, benefaction, benefactor, benefactress, benefice, beneficed, beneficence, beneficent, beneficial, beneficially, benefit, benevolence, benevolent, benison, unbeneficed, &c.

BIBO, to drink. Bib, bibulous, imbibe, imbiber, wine-bibber, &c. See BIB, page liii. BIS, BI, twice, two. Biscuit, bidental, biennial, biformed, bifurcated, bigamy, bigamist, bilinguous, biped, bisect, bisection, bivalve, bivalvular, &c.

BONUS, good. Bonus, s., boon, bounty, bounteous, bounteousness, bountiful, bountifully, bountifulness, &c.

BREVIS, short, brief. Brevity, breviary, breve, brevet, brief, briefness, abbreviate, abbreviation, abridge, abridgment, &c.

BRUTUS, brute, senseless. Brute, brutal, brutally, brutality, brutalize, brutify, brutish, brutishly, brutishness, &c. "Brutum fulmen" (Brutus).

CADO, to fall out or happen; CASUS, fallen. Cadence, cadency, cadent, cascade, case, casual, casually, casualty, casuist, casuistical, casuistry, accidence, accident, accidental, accidentally, coincide, coincidence, coincident, decadence, decay, deciduous, incidence, incident, incidental, incidentally, occasion, occasional, occasionally, occident, &c.

CADO, to cut, to kill; cæsus, cut, killed. Decide, decision, decisive, decisively, circumcise, circumcision, concise, concisely, conciseness, excise, excision, incision, incisor, indecision, precise, precisely, preciseness, precision, fratricide, homicide, homicidal, matricide, parricide, parricidal, regicide, suicide, suicidal, uncircumcised, undecided, undecisive, unexcised, vaticide, &c. CALCULUS, a small stone or pebble. Calculate, calculation, calculating, calculator, calculable, incalculable, miscalculate, &c.

CAMPUS, a plain, an open field. Camp, campaign, decamp, decampment, encamp, encampment, champaign, champagne, Campania, champion, &c.

CANDEO, to be white, to shine, to be bright, to glow with heat, to inflame. Candent, candid, candidly, candidness, candour, candidate, candle, candlemas, chan

dler, chandelier, incendiary, incen'se, v., in'cense, s., censor, &c.

CANO, to sing; CANTUS, sung. Canorous, cant, canter, cantation, canticle, cantator, canto, chant, chanter, chantry, chanticleer, charm, charmed, charmer, charming, charmingly, ac'cent, s., accent', v., accentuate, accentuation, accentual, des'cant, s., descant', v., enchant, enchanter, enchantress, enchanting, enchantingly, enchantment, incantation, precentor, recant, recantation, &c. CAPIO, to take, to hold or contain; CAPTUS, taken. See page lxiv for the derivatives of this word.

CAPUT (CAPITIS), the head. Cap, cap-àpie, cape, capital, capitally, capitular, capitulation, captain, chaplet, chapter, bicipi tal, bicipitous, occiput, precipice, precipitance, precipitant, precipitate, precipitation, precipitous, recapitulate, recapitulation, &c.

CARO (CARNIS), flesh. Carnage, carnal, carnally, carnival,t carnivorous, charnelhouse, incarnate, incarnation, &c.

CAUSA, a cause, a reason. Cause, causeless, causal, causality, causation, causative, accuse,‡ accuser, accusation, accusatory, accusative, excuse, excusable, inexcusable, recusant, &c.

CAVEO, to beware, to avoid; CAUTUS, avoided. Caution, cautionary, cautious, cautiousness, incautious, precaution, &c.

CAVUS, hollow. Cave, cavern, cavity, concave, concavity, excavate, excavation, &c. CEDO, to go, to go back, to yield; CESSUS, yielded. See page lxiv.

CENSEO, to think, to judge, to estimate or value; CENSUS, judged. Censor, censorial, censorious, censoriousness, censure, censurer, censurable, census, &c.

CENTRUM, the middle point or centre. Centre, central, centrality, centric, centrifugal, centripetal, concentric, concentrate, concentration, eccentric, &c.

CENTUM, a hundred. Cent, centage, centenary, century, centennial, centesimal, centigrade, centipede, centurion, &c.

CERNO, to sift or separate by a sieve, to distinguish, to perceive, to judge or determine; CRETUS, separated. Concern, concerning, decree, decretal, discern, discernment, discerner, discernible, discerning, discreet, discreetness, discretion, discretional, discretionary, discrete, discretive, discrimi nate, discrimination, discriminative, indiscernible, indiscreet, indiscretion, indiscrete, indiscriminate, indiscrimination, secret, secrecy, secretary, secrete, secretion, unconcern, undiscerning, &c.

CERTUS, certain, sure. Certain, certainly, certainty, certify, certificate, certitude, as

*In composition, CANO makes cino (centus), as accino (acentus).

t Carnival. The latter part of the word is from valeo, to bid farewell.

Accuse. From accuso to bring (causam) R cause or charge (ad) against a person.

Excuse. From excuso, to get a person (ex) out of (causa) a cause or charge. To free from blame.

Secret. From (se, aside or apart, and cretus, separated) SECRETUS, put apart or concealed: and hence, secret.

certain, ascertainable, incertitude, uncertain, uncertainty, &c.

CIEO, to stir up, to call; CITUS, roused, cited. Cite, citation, excite, exciter, excitement, excitable, excitability, exciting, &c. CIRCULUS, a circle, a ring. Circle, circular, circularly, circularity, circulate, circulation, encircle, semicircle, semicircular, &c. CIVIS, a citizen. Civic, civil, civil war, civilly, civility, civilian, civilize, civilizer, civilization, incivility, uncivil, uncivilly, uneivilized, &o.

CLAMO, to cry or call out; CLAMATUS, exclaimed. Claim, claimer, claimant, clamour, clamourer, clamorous, clamorously, acclaim, acclamation, acclamatory, declaim, declaimer, declamation, disclaim, disclaimer, exclaim, exclamation, exclamatory, irreclaimable, proclaim, proclaimer, proclamation, reclaim, reclaimable, reclamation, unclaimed, unreclaimed, &c.

CLARUS, clear, bright, manifest. Clarify, clarified, clarification, clarion, clarionet, clear, clearness, clearance, declare, declaration, declarative, declaratory, &c.

CLAUDO, to shut, to close; CLAUSUS, shut. Clause, close, closely, closeness, closet, conclude, conclusion, conclusive, conclusiveness, disclose, disclosure, enclose, enclosure, exclude, exclusion, exclusive, inclusive, inconclusive, inconclusiveness, preclude, preclusion, preclusive, recluse, seclude, seclusion, inconclusiveness, &c.

CLINO, to bend, to lean, to lie down. Clinic, clinical, decline, declinable, declination, declension, disincline, disinclination, incline, inclination, inclinable, indeclinable, recline, undeclined, &c.

COLO, to till or cultivate; CULTUS, tilled. Colony, colonial, colonist, colonize, colonization, cultivate, cultivation, cultivator, culture, agriculture, agriculturist, agricultural, horticulture, uncultivated, &c.

CONCILIO, to unite, to make friends. Conciliate, conciliation, conciliatory, reconcile, reconcilement, reconciliation, irreconcilable, unreconciled, &c.

CONTRA, against, opposite to. Contrary, contrarily, contrariness, contrariety, contrast, counter, counteract, &c.

Coquo, to boil, to cook; COCTUS, boiled. Cook, cookery, concoct, concoction, concoctive, decoct, decoction, &c.

COR (CORDIS), the heart. Core, cordial, cordially, cordiality, accord, accordant, accordance, accordingly, concord, concordance, discord, discordance, discordant, record, unrecorded, courage, courageous, encourage, encouragement, &c.

CORPUS (CORPORIS), a body. Corps, corpse, corporal, corporally, corporate, corporation, corporeal, corpulence, corpulency, corpulent, corpuscle, incorporate, incorporeal, &c.

CREDO, to believe, to trust; CREDITUS, trusted. Credence, credential, credible, aredibly, credibility, credit, creditable, cre

• In composition, CLAUDO makes cludo (clasus), as Inclado (inclusus).

t Contrast. The latter part of the word is from STO, to stand. To contrast is to make to stand or place in opposition for the purpose of comparison.

ditor, credulity, credulous, credulously, credulousness, creed, accredited, discredit, discreditable, incredible, incredibleness, incredibility, incredulity, incredulous, &c.

CREO, to make out of nothing; CREĀTUS, created. Create, creation, creative, CREATOR, creature, increate, miscreated, procreate, procreation, procreative, recreate, recreation, recreative, uncreated, &c.

CRESCO, to grow, to increase; CRETUS, grown. Crescent, crescive, accrue, concrete, concretion, concretive, decrease, decrement, decrescent, encrease, excrescence, cent, increment, recruit, supercrescence, unrecruitable, &c.

excres

CRIMEN (CRIMINIS), a crime, an accusation. Crime, criminal, criminality, criminate, crimination, criminatory, recriminate, recrimination, recriminatory, &c.

CRUSTA, a crust. Crust, crusty, crustily, crustaceous, crustation, crustiness, incrust, incrustation, &c.

CRUX (CRUCIS), a cross. Crucial, crucify, crucifix, crucifixion, cruciform, excruciate, excruciation, cross, crosier, cruise, cruiser, &c.

CUBO or CUMBO, to lie down, to recline at table. Cubation, incubus, incubation, incumbency, incumbent, recumbence, recumbency, recumbent, succumb, superincumbent, &c.

CULPA, a fault, blame. Culpable, culpably, culpableness, culpability, exculpate, exculpation, exculpatory, &c.

CURA, care, cure. Cure, curer, cureless, curable, curacy, curate, curative, curator, curious, curiousness, curiosity, care, careful, carefully, carefulness, careless, carelessly, carelessness, accurate, accurately, accurateness, accuracy, inaccurate, inaccurately, incurious, insecure, insecurely, insecurity, procurator or proctor, procuracy or proxy, procurable, procuration, procure, procurer, pro curement, secure, securely, security, sine. cure, insecure, &c.

*

CURRO, to run; CURSUS, run. Current, currently, currency, curricle, cursitor, cursory, cursorily, courant, courier, course, courser, coursing, concourse, concur, concurrence, concurrent, concurrently, discourse, discursive, discursively, excursion, excursive, incur, incursion, intercourse, occur, occurrence, precursor, recourse, recur, recurrence, succour, &c.

DAMNUM, loss, hurt, harm. Damage, damageable, damn, damned, damnable, damnably, damnation, damnatory, condemn, condemner, condemnable, condemnation, condemnatory, endamage, indemnify, indemnification, indemnity, undamaged, uncondemned, &c.

DECEM, ten. December, decemviri, decemvirate, decimal, decimate, decimation, decennial, &c.

DELICIA, delicacies, dainties. Delicious, deliciously, deliciousness, delicacy, delicate, delicately, delicateness, indelicacy, indeli cate, &c.