passed at my native village, in the usual amusements and occupations of that age; but as I grew up I became satiated with the monotony of my life. A restless spirit prompted me to visit foreign countries. I said, with the cosmopolite, "The world is a kind of book in which he who has seen his own country only has read but one page." Guided by this feeling, I became a traveller. I have traversed France on foot, smoked my pipe in a Flemish inn'

"And the reader who has read thus far finds the words beginning to be familiar. He turns to OutreMer, and discovers the same passage in the chapter headed The Pilgrim of Outre-Mer.' The Schoolmaster, however, immediately recovers its own separate character, and for a page or two more one reads of the return of the narrator to his native village, and thenceforth of his travels by memory.

"In September, 1831, appeared the second chapter of The Schoolmaster, which proves to be substantially the same as The Norman Diligence in 'Outre-Mer.' The motto, indeed, is that which in the book precedes the Journey into Spain,' and the chapter in The Schoolmaster is longer. The slight mention of the cabaret in Outre-Mer is an abbreviation of a fuller and more detailed sketch in The Schoolmaster, where an old soldier and some wagoners have a half-operatic scene, and sing an apology for cider, an old French song of the fifteenth century. Both the French and an English version of the song are given; and it is a little curious, that, in the revised edition of Poets and Poetry of Europe, Mr. Longfellow has given Oliver Basselin's modernized version of the song as translated by Oxenford, but says nothing of his own earlier rendering.

"The third chapter of The Schoolmaster, published April, 1832, is 'The Village of Auteuil;' and one or two variations are interesting. The introductory paragraphs in Outre-Mer are new; and a happy little improvement is made, when, in place of the words in The Schoolmaster,

66

"I took up my abode at a maison de santé ; not that I was a valetudinarian, but because I there found society and good accommodations,'

"Outre-Mer has,

"Not that I was a valetudinarian; but because I there found some one to whom I could whisper, How sweet is solitude!'

"Dr. Dardonville in The Schoolmaster becomes Dentdelion in Outre-Mer, and some details are given in the first form which do not appear in the second. In the 'Outre-Mer' chapter, on the other hand, the account of the fête patronale is new. It would seem as if the author, in revising his chapters, removed them a little from a too literal transcript of his note-book, and threw over them a further air of refinement and imagination.

"In July, 1832, the fourth chapter was printed, headed 'Recollections of the Metropolis,' and consisting of a stroll through Paris with reference to certain historical sights. The fifth chapter, in October of the same year, continues this imaginary walk, but is occupied chiefly with a romantic story from a chronicle of the time of Charles VI. The sixth chapter, in February, 1833, resumes the walk, interrupted by the story, and brings the reader finally to the gates of Père la Chaise. The reader turns over the numbers afterward, expecting to find the chapter so headed which he remembers in Outre-Mer; but he discovers that The Schoolmaster

has come to an abrupt close. The reason appears in the publication, this year, of the first part of OutreMer, containing, as we have shown, material used in the first three chapters of The Schoolmaster. OutreMer appeared at first with no name attached, but it was probably tolerably well known who wrote it; and when the second part appeared, shortly afterward, Professor Longfellow's name was openly mentioned with it. It is a little odd, however, that, in the book-notices of the September number, 1833, there is a very goodnatured notice of the first part of Outre-Mer, which closed with Père la Chaise, but without a word that indicates a knowledge of the authorship, and several quotations from pages which had already formed part of The Schoolmaster. However, this innocence may have been assumed, though one would not have predicated it from an acquaintance with more modern magazine editors. The last three chapters of The Schoolmaster were not reprinted, and the serial was not resumed perhaps because the author preferred the more satisfac tory and more dignified appearance in book-form. A prior publication in a magazine was more likely to ob scure a book then than now. It is not impossible that the slight conception of a schoolmaster was reserved also for future use in the tale of Kavanagh.'

The publication of the Outre-Mer of Professor Longfellow, together with a number of articles by him in The North-American Review, served to call attention to him in a marked degree. In 1835 Mr. George Ticknor, professor of modern languages at Harvard, having resigned his position, Mr. Longfellow was appointed his successor.

But we must return to Bowdoin for the purpose

of recording several things that took place previous to the removal of the young and popular professor to Cambridge. One of these events was his marriage, in September, 1831, to Mary Storer Potter, daughter of Judge Barrett Potter and Anne Storer Potter of Portland. Those who saw him at this time describe him as somewhat of an exquisite in appearance, always swinging a slender little cane as he walked about. This custom he continued for a time in Cam bridge also. He became very popular as an instructor. President Hamlin of Middlebury College, who entered Bowdoin in 1830, says: "Longfellow had occupied the chair about one year. Our class numbered fifty-two, the largest freshman class that had up to that time entered college; and many of its members were attracted by Longfellow's reputation. His intercourse with the students was perfectly simple, frank, and gentlemanly. He neither flattered nor repelled: he neither sought popularity, nor avoided it. He was a close and ardent student in all Spanish and French literature. He had no time to fritter away; but he always and evidently enjoyed having students come to him with any reasonable question about languages, authors, literature, mediæval or modern history, more especially the former. They always left him, not only with admiration, but guided and helped and inspired."

During his residence in Brunswick Mr. Longfellow became a member of the Maine Historical Society; and in 1834 he held the office of librarian and cabinet-keeper. It was therefore peculiarly fitting, that, on the recent occasion of Mr. Longfellow's seventy-fifth birthday, the Maine Historical Society should celebrate the occasion by having a series of careful and elaborate historical

and biographical articles prepared on the poet's ancestry and birthplace, etc. These articles have been of great use in the preparation of this volume.

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

As Mr. Longfellow went abroad to prepare himself for his Bowdoin College duties, so did he when he was called to Harvard College, this time for the purpose of studying the languages of Northern Europe, Danish, Swedish, etc. He took with him his young wife, whom he had the misfortune to lose at Rotterdam. She died, Nov. 29, 1835, from an illness contracted after confinement.

In an admirable and pains-taking article in The New York Evening Post for March 25, 1882,1 the writer, who is understood to be Col. Higginson, says,—

"How profound was the impression produced upon him, is evident from The Footsteps of Angels, and from the allusions in the early part of Hyperion. Mrs. Longfellow was, by the testimony of all who knew her, a person of rare loveliness of person and mind. Her father, Hon. Barrett Potter of Portland, was a judge of probate, and a man of strong character, holding very decided views as to the education of his children, of whom only the daughters lived to maturity. Although himself an old-fashioned classical scholar, he believed the study of Greek and Latin to be unsuitable for girls: all else was open to them,modern languages, literature, and mathematics. For all these, especially the last, his daughter Mary had a

1 The above-mentioned article, by reason of its fulness of detail, has been of more use in the compilation of this volume than any other newspaper memoir of the poet thus far published. It will be frequently quoted in the following pages.