Going out from

was mostly of New England blood. Crown Point, among others, the following pioneer New England families are found: The family of John Wood on Deep River; the Humphrey and Woodbridge families on Eagle Creek Prairie; the Ball and Warriner families at the Lake of the Red Cedars; and the large Taylor, Edgerton and Palmer families, whose descendants are now the large Creston community, all of New England origin. Again, there may be named the Kenney families of Orchard Grove from Maine; the Warner families from Connecticut; the Saxton family of Merrillville, having still a conch shell brought here by the pioneer, Ebenezer Saxton, which shell, according to their family tradition. came over in the May Flower. James Farwell and family from Vermont, also John Bothwell; George Willey and Charles Marvin from Connecticut originally; Elijah Morton from Vermont; the Spaulding family and yet others of New England descent. Not to mention the later "New Hampshire Settlement" in the center of Lake Prairie, not to mention the Towle families and others in the city of Hammond, in the early days New England families and "York-Yankees" were well scattered over Lake County.

Solon Robinson, the authority for Lake County in its earliest years, stating what it had become in 1847, says: That there were then in the county about fifty frame houses, five churches, two brick dwelling houses, two brick offices, and one small out building, these the only brick buildings then in the county. and these at Crown Point, and four or five stores in the county; and then he adds: "Majority of the inhabitants Yorkers and Yankees.

About one hundred

German families, fifteen or twenty Irish, about twelve English."

* * *

Going now to La Porte County, General Packard, an authority for that county, says: "The first settlers in Michigan City arrived in 1833, and it may readily be presumed that they found few attractions to welcome them. To their view there was presented only sand hills and swamps. Hoosier Slide towered up many feet higher than now, and further back across the creek that passed through the woods, * * * a low, wet, swampy tract of country occupied all the locality." But in imagination, discouraging as the prospect was, they saw a harbor and a city destined to be there. A town was started. Its growth in 1834, 1835, and 1836, was astonishingly rapid. There were hotels and business houses, and W. D. Woodward, who came in 1836, says that there were then nearly three thousand inhabitants.

"At the end of 1836, besides the numerous warehouses and commission and forwarding houses, there were twelve dry goods stores." And the first log cabin, so far as is known, had been built in August, 1833. And now General Packard speaks of the early settlers, "They who first peopled Michigan City were pushing, active, intelligent, and enterprising men. Some of them became the heaviest business men at that time in the State. They were chiefly from the eastern States; and with them, to suggest a business enterprise was to see it accomplished."

Surely the writer in "The Indianian" had not examined the early settlement of the northwestern corner of Indiana. It cannot be said accurately that the early settlers here were "mainly" from "Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and the Carolinas."

While just credit is given to what Southern families did come here, the enterprise and energy and industry that have made this region what now it is, came "mainly" from New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Canada, England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Holland, Sweden, and Norway.

Note. When in 1835 Abijah R. Bigelow settled in La Porte County, in Clinton township, "he brought a small colony with him who were mostly Canadians." East of Hebron, in Porter County, was a neighborhood of early settlers called Yankee Town.

Furthermore, in regard to the settlers of La Porte County, Professor Cox, State Geologist, in his report for 1873, says: "Though a few French were numbered among the first settlers, the greater portion of the present population trace their ancestry to New York, Pennsylvania, and New England, and retain in a marked degree the characteristic habits, thrift and energy of their ancestors."

From the enrollment of the Old Settlers' Association of La Porte County it appears that of the constituent members, in number 108, there were born in Indiana 18, in Pennsylvania 12, in New England 12, in Ohio 18, in New York 19, in the South 19, in England 2, and in Scotland, Ireland, Spain, District of Columbia, New Jersey, Illinois, and Madeira Island, one each, and one with no birth place given, making 69 from the eastward as against 19 from the South, not counting those born in Indiana and Illinois, which would make 19 more, or as many as came from the South.

And yet further, from a careful examination of the full enrollment of more than seven hundred members, it has been found that at least 92 of the early

settlers were born in New England, 150 in New York, 53 in Pennsylvania, 109 in Ohio, 34 in various eastern places, 161 in Indiana, and III in the South, making 438 from the east as against III from the South, not counting those born in Indiana.

The early settlers of southern Indiana, probably of Central Indiana, were no doubt quite largely from the South, and some of them brought their slaves with them, and held on to them for years; but qute surely Northern Indiana, and especially the north tier of counties, was not settled up that way, and slaves, as such, could not have lived so near to what was in those days the line of freedom. In this latitude, of forty-one and a half degrees, were some of the most northern stations of that once noted Under Ground Railroad.

Evidence is not at hand for giving the birth places of pioneers south of the river; but some were from the east, some from the south, and some from Europe.

CHAPTER XXXV.

MCCARTY.

From the report for 1898 of the Historical Secretary of the Lake County Old Settlers' Association the following is taken:

"Some weeks ago I found in the possession of Mr. W. McCarty of Creston, a grandson of Judge B. McCarty, the old Day Book of E. S. McCarty of West Point.

"Its opening date is July 1 or 2, 1839. I think it is the oldest day book existing in the county. The store was first opened by Dr. Lilley in May, 1837. Some of the entries are copied as items of interest for this generation. I omit names now, giving prices: I lb. saleratus, 19; 1 lb. tea, 50; 1 qt. molasses, 25; 6 yds. calico, 24; 1.44; I spool thread, 13; 1-2 yd. muslin, 13; 1 ball wicking, 13; 2 lbs. sugar, 34; 4 gals. gin (1.50) 6.00; 1 gal. whiskey, 56; 1-2 doz. brooms, 1.50; I lb. raisins, 25.

Again, a few names: Robert Wilkinson, 6 yds. calico, 38, 2.28; Foley, 3 pints gin, 75; J. C. Batten, 8 yds. sheeting, 1.34; 2 pair socks, 1.25; 1 pair stockings, 75; 2 yds. sheeting, 34; James Farwell, 2 lbs, tobacco, 50; Solomon Nordyke, I set buttons, 38; then there is a credit of 6 days work 4.50, 4 days work (75) 3.00.

Again, a few more items showing prices. I bunch