Call ye my Whole, ay, call

The lord of lute and lay;

And let him greet the sable pall
With a noble song to-day:

Go, call him by his name;

No fitter hand may crave

To light the flame of a soldier's fame
On the turf of a soldier's grave.

Caroline Elizabeth Norton (1808-77) was one of the three lovely daughters of Thomas Sheridan, son of Richard Brinsley Sheridan. They were called "The Three Graces." Mrs. Norton's poems show smoothness of versification, and an uncommon wealth of illustration. The principal long ones are "The Sorrows of Rosalie," "The Undying One," and "The Child of the Islands." She also wrote several novels, of a somewhat gloomy tendency. Her mar

ried life was unhappy, and she was for many years separated from her husband. Two years before her death she was left a widow, and the next year married Sir W. StirlingMaxwell.

Richard Monckton Milnes (1809-85), afterward Lord Houghton, was an author both in prose and verse. His "Memorials of a Tour in Greece" are a record of his travels in that country; he edited "The Life and Letters of Keats," and wrote "Monographs, Personal and Social." His principal volumes of verse, "Palm Leaves," and "Poems of many years," contain very graceful and pleasing pieces. "I Wandered by the Brookside,' is the best of his songs.

Martin Farquhar Tupper (1810-89) was a poet whose enormous success (so far as an immense sale of his poems betokens success), it is difficult to account for except on the supposition that the great mass of humanity loves the commonplace. His "Proverbial Philosophy"-a series of somewhat trite observations couched in irregular blank verse-ran through forty editions in his life - time, and is always to be found on booksellers' counters. His other works are

not worth mentioning, except a pretty story called "The Crock of Gold."

Charles Mackay (1812-89), a Scottish poet and songwriter, was born in Perth. His songs are vigorous, and his voice was always raised on the side of freedom and the rights of the poor. His most popular song is "There's a good time coming!"

William Edmonstoune Aytoun (1813-65), a Scottish poet and miscellaneous writer, is best known by the "Bon Gaultier Ballads,” humorous satires on popular follies, and "Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers," spirited mementos of the persecutions of Covenanters in Scotland. He was son-inlaw of John Wilson (Christopher North), and for many years contributed regularly to "Blackwood's Magazine." He was professor of rhetoric and belles-lettres at the University of Edinburgh.

Arthur Hugh Clough (1819-1861) was an English poet who chose Scottish characters and scenery for the subjects of his verse. He tried a 66 new departure" in the "Bothie of Tober- na - Vuolich," a Highland legendary poem which received warm praise from the critics, and which is written in hexameters, somewhat in the style of Longfellow's "Evangeline," but without the smooth and correct rhythm of that delightful poem. Various shorter poems and some prose pieces have been published since his death.

Coventry Kearsey Dighton Patmore (1823-83) was for many years assistant librarian in the British Museum. "The Angel in the House," a domestic poem in four parts, is the favorite among his poetical works.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-82), one of a singularly gifted family, was by profession an artist, but is known in literature by his "Early Italian Poets" (prose), and by his two volumes, "Poems," and "Ballads and Sonnets." His poetry, like his art, is full of the loftiest romance and sentiment.

Alexander Smith (1830-67), a Scottish poet, was, like Burns, a native of Ayrshire. When very young he published "The Life Drama," a poem which was at first overpraised, and then correspondingly abused, with charges of spasmodic writing, plagiarism, and so forth. The truth was. that having had access to but few books, he had studied Keats and one or two other poets until his style produced the effect of an echo. Had he lived longer, it is probable that he could have done better work. His prose-works, Dreamthorpe," "A Summer in Skye," etc., are written with a picturesque vigor and a delicate sympathy with nature which betray the poetic spirit. He was a close friend of Sydney Dobell (1824-74), himself a poet of no mean order, and they published together a volume of war-sonnets called forth by the Crimean War.

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It is now generally known that "Owen Meredith" is only the pseudonym of Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton (183192), son of the celebrated novelist, and himself in later life Lord Lytton. His chief poem is "Lucile," a romantic tale written in anapæstic verse, perhaps the most popular single poem of its class since Scott's. His shorter poems are marked by strong passion expressed in melodious verse. Most of his life was passed in diplomatic service.

Travelers have been busy during this stirring century, and have left most interesting accounts of the wonders they saw. Of the great number who might be mentioned, we select a few as typical ones. David Livingstone (1817-73), a native of Scotland, was up to his time the greatest of African travelers. He began life as an operative in a cotton-factory, and obtained his early education in an evening - school. Afterward he studied both medicine and divinity, and in 1840 was sent to Africa as a medical missionary. His "Missionary Travels and Researches" belong to this period. The details of his later work are to be found in his very interesting "Last Journals," which include

his wanderings and discoveries in Eastern Africa from 1865 to within a few days of his death. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

CHAPTER XLV.

WALTER SCOTT.

ANY great writers have we passed in review, feeling for them interest, gratitude, admiration, rever

M

ence, wonder and delight; now we greet one with a glow of all these sentiments and, in addition, a rare personal affection. His poetry entranced our early years; his romances delighted our maturer taste; his personal character and history claim our undying sympathy and respect.

Walter Scott (1771-1832) was born in Edinburgh, both his parents being of "gentle" though not "noble" birth. An illness of his infancy left him partly paralyzed, and though he recovered his general health, he remained lame through life; a trial made the greater through his being by nature of active temperament and much bodily strength. He made the best of his lameness-as he did of all troubles -and by his wonderful vigor pushed his way through the world in a fashion that left behind many a man whose limbs were free from any defect.

He became a great walker, and in his prime often tramped, with his stout stick, twenty or thirty miles a day. In youth he was sensitive about his disability, but not morbid, as is shown by the fact that when the play of Richard III. was acted by the young folks he volunteered to take the part of Richard, saying that the limp would do well enough to represent the hump.

He was, as in duty bound, a sturdy Briton, and at five years old, heard of Washington's defeat at Long Island with

keen delight. At school he learned but little, lacking the perseverance and self-denial for hard study. He did however, shadow forth his future greatness in one way; he was a good story-teller. His fine memory helped him out with his lessons, but it was "easy come, easy go," and he never became an exact scholar in any branch. He was an omniverous reader and describes himself as "driving through a sea of books like a vessel without pilot or rudder."

Scott entered the University of Edinburgh, but, as his college course was interrupted by a severe illness, he began. the study of law (his father's profession) without taking a degree. After serving his apprenticeship to his father, a "Writer to the Signet," he was admitted, at twenty-one, to the bar. Five years later he married Charlotte Carpenter, the daughter of French parents living in England. They began their married life at Lasswade, where they were poor but happy, Mrs. Scott proving a loving and lovable wife, though by no means the wisest and noblest of her sex. Their winters were passed in Edinburgh.

Scott seems to have developed into an author very slowly. When he was twenty-five years old, a lady friend to whom he showed some pieces he had written had occasion to tell him that it sounded odd to say "the little two dogs," instead of the "two little dogs." Yet his style in later years, though far from faultless, was quite up to the standard of his time. His first publications, translations of Bürger's "Lenore," and "The Wild Huntsman," produced a marked sensation in Edinburgh. The Scottish people had just lost their national bard, Robert Burns, and were ready to welcome a new light whenever it should rise.

The first work worthy to foretell Scott's future in any degree was his "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border," in which he did for Scotland all that Bishop Percy had done for the ballad poetry of England in his "Reliques," by rescuing from fast-following oblivion a mass of folk-lore of unmistakable value and interest.