canon-bitt

B. As adj.: (See the compounds.)

730

"A goodly person, and could manage fair His stubborn steed with canon-bitt Spenser: F. Q., I. vii. 87. canon-law, s. The body of ecclesiastical law as laid down by the canons.

"This is mere moral babble, and direct
Against the canon-laws of our foundation."
Milton: Comus, 808.

History of the Canon Law:

(1) Before the Reformation: A community, civil or religious, no sooner comes into existence than it requires rules for its government, and those first formed require to be modified and developed and added to during the whole period that the community exists. Hence the first germs of the canon law are to be sought for in apostolic times, while its complete development took place at the period when the power of the papacy reached its height. The oldest canons are called Apostolic canons (q. v.). The canons of the Councils of Nice (A. D. 325), Constantinople (A. D. 381), Ephesus (A. D. 431), and Chalcedon (A. D. 451), obtained civil sanction by decree of Justinian. Till the twelfth century the canon law consisted mainly of these canons collected, together with the capitularies of Charlemagne and the decrees of the popes, from Siricius, A. D. 398, to Athanasius IV., A. D. 1154. In A. D. 1114 Ivo, Bishop of Chartres, commenced to collect the decrees made by popes and the cardinals; Gratian, a Benedictine monk, methodized the col. lection, and published it in 1150. There followed the Decretals of Gregory IX., in A. D. 1234. [DECRETAL.] Next came the "Sext" of Boniface VIII., A. D. 1298 [SEXT], the Clementines or Constitutions of Clement V., A. D. 1308 [CLEMENTINE], and the Extravagants of John XXII., A. D. 1317. [EXTRAVAGANT. These, with some more recent Extrava; gants," constitute the " Corpus Juris Canonici (The Body of Canon Law). Some lawyers graduated in canon and others in civil law, while not a few did so in both. As the fully-developed canon law greatly exalted the ecclesiastical over the civil power, it was never very cordially accepted by the English Parliament, and there was a national canon law composed of legatine and provincial constitutions.

(2) Since the Reformation: By 25 Hen. VIII., c. 19, repealed by 1 Phil. and Mary, c. 8, but re-enacted by 1 Eliz., c. 1, a revision of canon law was ordered, and only those parts of it were left binding which were not repugnant to the common or statute law. In the 27th year of Henry VIII., degrees in canon law were abolished, not however by Parliament, but by mandate. In 1603, under James I., certain ordinances analogous to canons were enacted by the clergy, but never received the sanction of Parliament. It has therefore been adjudged that where they introduce anything new they are not binding on the laity.

canon-lawyer, s. One skilled in or practicing

canon-law.

canon-type, 8. [CANON, II. v.] *canon-wise, a. One learned in ecclesiastical

law.

reviled and ruffled by an insulting and only -canon-wise prelate "Milton: Of Reformation in England, bk. i.

*căn-òn (2), 8. [CANNON.]

cañon (3) (pron. can-yon), 8. [Spanish.] A mountain gorge, a defile.

căn-on-ĕss, s. [Fr. chanoinesse; Low Lat. canonissa; from canon, and fem. suff. issa.] A woman who holds a canonry, or is a member of an order of

canons.

"There are, in popish countries, women they call secular canonesses, living after the example of secular canons."Ayliffe.

*ca-no-ni-al, a. [CANON.] Canonical. ca-năn-ic, cạ nòn -I-cạn, *căn-ồn-ique, a. [Fr. canonique; Eng. canon; -ic, -ical.]

1. Pertaining to or according to the canons. "With neither hands, nor feet, nor faces, Put in the right canonic places."

Moore: Twopenny Postbag.

2. Constituting or contained in the canon of Holy Scripture. As a distinctive term applied to the received Scriptures, first used by Origen, Opp. v. 3, p. 36 (ed. de la Rue). (Trench: On the Study of Words, p. 96.)

"Public readings there are of books and writings, not -canonical, -Hooker.

3. Fixed or regulated by the canons. "His Christian church-imposed the obligation of can onique hours "-Donne: Letters.

4. Spiritual; ecclesiastical.

canonical hours, s. pl. Stated hours of the day appointed and set apart by the canons for devotional exercises. They are: Matins, Lauds, Sexts, Nones, and Vespers. (See these words.)

*canonical letters, s. pl. Letters which for merly passed between the orthodox clergy, as testimonials of their faith, to keep up the Catholic communion and to distinguish them from heretics. canonical life, s. The rule of life prescribed for the ancient clergy who lived in community. from the inferior clergy to their ecclesiastical canonical obedience, s. The submission due superiors.

canonical punishments, s. pl. Those spiritual punishments which the Church may inflict, as excommunication, degradation, penance, &c. *canonical sins, s. pl.

In the Ancient Church: Those for which capital punishment was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy, &c.

ca-non-i-cal-ly, adv. [Eng. canonical; -ly.] *1. According to or in a straight line. "I defy him to go on coolly, critically, and canonically planting his cabbages one by one in straight lines."-Sterne: Trist. Shandy.

2. In a canonical manner; according to the canons or canonical law.

"It is a known story of the friar, who on a fasting day bid his capon be carp, and then very canonically eat it."-Government of the Tongue.

ca-non-i-cal-ness, s. [Eng. canonical; -ness.] The quality of being canonical or in accordance

with canonical law.

"How then is the Church an infallible keeper of the canon of Scripture, which hath suffered some books of canonical Scripture to be lost? and others to lose for a being so esteemed, and afterward, as it were by the law long time their being canonical, at least, the necessity of of Postliminium hath restored their authority and canonicalness unto them."-Chillingworth: Religion of Protestants, pt. i., ch. 3.

ca-non-I-cals, s. pl. [CANONICAL.] The full robes of a clergyman, as appointed by the canons. ca-non-I-cate, s. [Fr. canonicat; Low Lat. canonicatus.] The dignity or office of a canon; a

canonry.

"The church, willing to testify the high opinion she entertained of his merit, presented him with a canonicate in the cathedral of Paris "-Berington: Abelard, p. 18. căn-on-i-çi, s. pl. [Lat. canonicus; from canon a rule.]

Music: A name given to followers of the Pythagorean system of music, as opposed to Musici, the followers of the Aristoxenian system. [PYTHAGOREANS.] (Stainer & Barrett.)

căn-on-iç'-1-ty, s. [Fr. canonicité.] The quality of being canonical or in accordance with the canons; canonicalness.

"The canonicity, that is, the divine authority, of the books of the New Testament, "-Newman: Development of Christian Doctrine, bk. iii., § 4.

căn-on-iş-a-tion, s. [CANONIZATION.] căn-on-ist, s. [Fr. canoniste.] A professor of canon-law.

"Of whose strange crimes no Canonist can tell In what commandment's large contents they dwell." Pope: Satires of Dr. Donne, Sat. ii. 43-4. "Among the priests who refused the oaths were some men eminent in the learned world, as grammarians, chronologists, canonists, and antiquaries.' Hist. Eng., ch. xiv.

Macaulay:

canor

of Augsburg, by John XV., in A. D. 993. In the third Lateran Council, A. D. 1179, the right of conferring such honor was limited to the Pope.

"It is very suspicious, that the interests of particular families, or churches, have too great a sway in canoniza tions."-Addison.

"Even at the canonization of a saint, . . .”—Mill: Liberty, ch. ii.

2. The state of being canonized.

căn ổn-ze, căn -ổn-işe, v. t. [Fr. canoniser; Sp. canonizar; Ital. canonizzare; Low Lat. canonizo-to enroll in a canon or list; canon-a list, register.]

I. Literally.

1. To enroll any person in the canon or list of saints; to declare any person a saint. would give my frank consent to his being canonized."-Scott: St. Ronan's Well, ch. xxvi. *2. To install in any ecclesiastical dignity or office. "Thus was the pope canonized With great honor, and intronized." Gower: Conf. Amant., i. 254. *3. To rate as highly as if included in the canon of Scripture.

"Bathsheba was so wise a woman, that some of her counsels are canonized for divine."-Bishop Hall: David's End. (Latham.)

II. Figuratively: To raise to the highest rank of honor and glory. fame, in time to come, canonize us." Shakesp.: Troil. & Cres., ii. 2.

64

căn-ôn-ized, căn-ổn-iged, *can-on-yz-yde, pa. par. & a. [CANONIZE.] căn-ôn-īz-er, căn -ổn-ig-ěr, s. [CANONIZE.] He who canonizes, or raises any person to the rank of a saint.

căn-ôn-iz-Ying, căn-ồn-ig-Ing, pr. par., a. & 8. [CANONIZE.]

A. & B. As pr. par. & particip. adj.: In senses corresponding to those of the verb.

C. As substan.: Canonization.

"If the people resolve to take him sainted at the rate of such a canonizing, I shall suspect their calender more than the Gregorian."-Milton: Answer to Eikon Basilikè.

căn-on-ry, s. [Eng. canon, and suff. -ry (q. v.).] The dignity, position, or emoluments of a canon; an ecclesiastical benefice in a cathedral or collegiate church. (English.)

64

Bishops must therefore be allowed to keep their sees in Scotland, in order that divines not ordained by Bishops might be allowed to hold rectories and canonries in England."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiii.

†căn-on-ship, s. [Eng. canon, suff. ship (q. v.).] The same as CANONRY. (English.)

"As a canonship is given by the giving of a book, . . . .” -Baxter: Inf. Baptism, p. 322.

căn-o-pied, *can-o-pyed, a. [CANOPY.] Covered with a canopy. (Lit. & fig.)

Ca-no-pus, s. [Lat. Canopus (Pliny); Gr. kanōbos (Ptolemy).] The name of a city in Egypt. Astron.: The name given to the bright star in the constellation Argo. It is Alpha Argo navis. It is situated in the rudder of the imaginary ship.

"Lamps which outburn'd Canopus."

Tennyson: D. of F. Women, 146. căn'-o-py, s. [Ital. canopé; O. Fr. canopée; Fr. canape = a tent, canopy; Lat. canopeum; Gr. könöpeōn: = a bed with curtains to protect from mosquitoes, &c.; kōnōps: = a mosquito.]

I. Ordinary Language:

1. Lit.: A covering of state over a throne or bed. "There William and Mary appeared seated under a canopy."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xiii. 2. Figuratively:

(1) Applied to the heavens or the clouds.

"They became the apt scholars of this canonistic exposition."-Milton: Tetrachordon.

(2) Applied to any natural arch or covering.

through the high canopies of trees."-Pope:

II. Arch.: An ornamental arched or roof-like projection over a niche or doorway, especially in Gothic architecture.

"The entrances are decorated with richly carved pillars and canopies."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. iii. căn'-o-pỹ, v. t. [CANOPY, 8.] To cover as with a canopy. (Lit. & fig.)

"When lofty trees I see barren of leaves,
Which erst from heat did canopy the herd."
Shakesp.: Sonnets,

†căn'-o-py-Ing, pr. par. & a. [CANOPY, v.] *can-or, s. [Lat. canor a melody; cano-to sing.] A melody, or sweet singing. (Blount: Glossographia.)

Aylife. fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll,

marîne; gỗ, pot,

canorous

ca-nör -ous, a. [Lat. canorus singing, musical; cano to sing.] Tuneful, musical, melodious. "Birds that are most canorous, and whose notes we most commend, are of little throats, and short."-Browne: Vulgar Errors.

ca-nör-ous-ly, adv. [Eng. canorous; -ly.] In a tuneful or musical manner, melodiously. (H. More.)

ca-nör-ous-ness, s. [Eng. canorous; -ness.] The quality of being tuneful or musical, melodious

ness.

ca-no-ti-ĕr, s. [Fr.] A canoeman. *că-nous, *că -nos, *can-ois, a. [Lat. canus= white.] Hoary, gray.

Vnfrendlye eild has thus bysprent My hede and haffettis baith with canous hair." Douglas: Virgil, 141, 29. canse, v. i. [Icel. kallza to scold, abuse. Compare Gael. cainnteach peevish.] To speak in a pert and saucy style, as displaying a great degree of self-importance. (Scotch.)

can-sie, can-shie, a. [CANSE.] humored, saucy. (Scotch.)

Cross, ill

2. Naut.:

(1) A cut made in a whale between the neck and fins, to which the cant-purchase is made fast for the purpose of turning the animal round in the process of flensing.

(2) A piece of wood laid upon the deck of a vessel, to support the bulkheads.

3. Coopering: One of the segments forming a side-piece in the head of a cask.

4. Shipbuilding: The angle, as of the head of a bolt. A bolt with a hexagonal or octagonal head is said to be six or eight canted.

5. Gearing: A segment of the rim of a wooden cog-wheel.

B. As adjective: (See the compounds.) cant-blocks, 8. pl.

Naut.: Large purchase-blocks, used by whalers to cant the whales round during the process of flensing.

cant-board, s. A division in the conveyer-box of a flour-bolt, to separate the different qualities of flour or offal.

cant-chisel, s. A long and strong chisel with the basil and a rib on one side.

cant-falls, s. pl.

Naut.: The ropes and blocks used by whalers to sling the animal to the side of the vessel.

cant-file, s. A file having the shape of an obtuseangled triangle in its transverse section; used in filing the inner angles of spanners and wrenches for bolts with hexagonal and octagonal heads.

cant-hook, s.

Naut.: A lever with a hook at one end, for raising heavy articles.

cant-molding, s.

Arch.: A molding with beveled instead of curved surfaces.

cant-purchase, s.

Naut.: This is formed by a block suspended from the mainmast head, and another block made fast to the cant cut in the whale.

cant-ribbons, 8. pl.

Naut.: Those ribbons or painted moldings along a ship's side which do not lie horizontally or level. cant-robin, s.

Bot.: The dwarf dog-rose, with a white flower. (Scotch.)

cant-timbers, s. pl.

Naut.: Timbers at the ends of a vessel rising obliquely from the keel; the upper ends of those on the bow are inclined to the stern, as those in the after-part incline to the stern-post above. The forward pair of cant-timbers are called the knightheads, and form a bed for the reception of the bowsprit. The timber at the extreme angle is built in solid, and is called the dead-wood.

cănt (2), s. & a. [Lat. cantus a singing, a song, from canto a frequent. form of cano to sing.] A. As substantive:

1. A monotonous whining; the whine of a beggar. 2. A whining or hypocritical pretension to goodness; hypocritical sanctimoniousness. "Clear your mind of Cant!' Have no trade with Cant." -Carlyle: Heroes and Hero-worship, lect. v. "Roundheads freed From cant of sermon and of creed." Scott: Rokeby, iii. 12.

3. Hypocritical talk of any kind. "But the Dutch are too shrewd to listen to the mischievous cant which the spirit of conquest borrows from

what is called the doctrine of nationalities."-London Times, Nov. 11, 1876.

4. The special phraseology or speech peculiar to any profession, trade, or class.

"Immorality has its cant as well as party."-Goldsmith:

The Bee, No. viii.; Augustan Age of England.

"One plotter used the cant of the law."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xvi.

5. A slang jargon.

B. As adj.: Pertaining to, containing, or of the nature of cant.

"The affectation of some late authors, to introduce and

multiply cant words, is the most ruinous corruption in any language."-Swift.

"She answered in the same tone of under-dialogue, using the cant language of her tribe."-Scott: Guy Man

nering, ch. iv.

*cănt (3), s. [Probably from Fr. quant-how much; Ger. gant an auction.] An auction.

"Numbers of these tenants, or their descendants, are now offering to sell their leases by cant, even those which were for lives."-Swift.

"Ane young man stert in to that steid Als cant as ony colt." Peblis to the Play, st. 6. kanten, kantern to cant, tilt.] [CANT (1), 8.] cănt (1), v. t. [Dan. kantre to cant, upset; Ger. 1. To incline or place on the edge, to tilt."

2. To give a sudden impulse to as to anything standing on its edge; to throw with a jerk or sudden force.

*2. To repeat in a monotonous and whining voice. "Walking and canting broken Dutch for farthings." Shirley: Gamester, iii. 3. 3. To use the special phraseology of any trade, profession, or class.

"Of all the cants which are canted in this canting world, the cant of criticism is the most tormenting."-Sterne: Trist. Shandy.

B. Intransitive: *1. To sing. "Sweet was the sang the birdies plaid alang, Canting fu' cheerfu' at their morning mang." Ross: Helenore, p. 59. go, gem; thin, this;

'The Doctor here,

When he discourseth of dissection,
Of vena cava and of vena porta,
The meseræics and the mesentericum,
What does he else but cant or if he run
To his judicial astrology,

And trowl the trine, the quartile and the sextile, &c. Does he not cant ? who here does understand him?" Ben Jonson: Staple of News, iv. 1. 3. To talk or whine hypocritically. căn -ta-bank, s. [Lat. canto, frequent. of cano to sing, and Ital. banco a bench.] One who sings on a bench; a ballad-singer.

cănt (3), v. i. [An abbreviated form of canter (q. V.).] Tocanter. (Scotch.) *cănt (4), v. t. [CANT (3), 8.]

1. To sell by auction.

"Is it not the general method of landlords to wait the expiration of a lease, and then cant their land to the highest bidder ?"-Swift: Against the Power of Bishops. 2. To bid a price for anything at an auction. "Two monks were outvying each other in canting the price of an abbey."-Swift: Hist. Eng., Reign of W. II. *cănt (5), *cănt-yn, v. t. [CANT (1), 8.] To break up into fragments, to divide, to share.

"Cantyn or departyn. Partior."-Prompt. Parv. Căn -tab, 8. [An abbreviated form of Cantabrigian (q. v.).]

căn-ta-bi-lê, adv. [Ital.]

Music: In an easy, flowing style.

Căn-ta-bri-an, a. [Lat. cantaber an inhabitant of Cantabria, the ancient name of the north part of Spain.] Of or pertaining to Cantabria. Căn-tại-brig-Y-ạn, a. & s. [Lat. Cantabrigia= Cambridge.]

A. As adj.: Of or relating to Cambridge or its University.

B. As subst.: A native or a resident of Cambridge. (Applied especially to members of that University.) *can-tail-lie, s. [Fr. chanteau, chantel.] [CANTEL.] A corner-piece.

"Item, ane bed maid of crammosie velvot enriched with phenixes of gold and teares, with a litle cantaillie of gold."-Inventories, A. 1561, p. 135. tcănt-a-li-ver, 8. [CANTILEVER, 8.] căn -ta-lon, s. [Etymology doubtful.] Fabric: A species of woolen stuff.

cănt-a-lôupe, cănt-a-leup, s. [Fr. cantaloupe; Ital. cantalupo, so called from the castle of Cantalupo in the Marca d'Ancona, in Italy.] A kind of small, round, ribbed muskmelon.

"An acre well planted will produce 400 bushels of canta leups."-Gardner.

căn tăn-kẽr-ous, a. [Etymology doubtful, but possibly from O. Eng. contek strife, quarrel.] Disagreeable, quarrelsome, crotchetty. (Colloquial.) căn-tar, căn-ta-rô, s. [Sp]

1. A weight in use in Europe and the East, varying considerably in different countries. At Rome it is 75 lbs.; at Cairo, 45 lbs.; in Sardinia, nearly 44 lbs.; and in Syria, about 500 lbs.

2. A Spanish liquid measure, ranging in capacity from two to four gallons.

căn-tar-e (e as a), v. t. [Ital.] To sing. cantare di maniera, cantara di manierata, phrase. [Ital.] To sing in a florid or ornamental style. (Stainer & Barrett.)

*cănt-a-ride, s. [CANTHARIDES.]

căn-ta -ta, s. [Ital. cantata a song; Low Lat. cantata a chant, an anthem.] A poem or dramatic composition set to music, with solos and choruses.

"A cantata consisted originally of a mixture of recitative and melody, and was given to a single voice, but the introduction of choruses altered the first character of the cantata, and gave rise to some confusion in the manner of describing it."-Stainer & Barrett.

*căn-ta-tion, s. [Lat. cantatio = a singing; canto to sing.] The act of singing.

"Cantation, singing or enchanting."-Blount. căn-ta-tör-ê, s. [Ital.]

Music: A male singer. (Stainer & Barrett.) cănt'-a-tor-y, a. [Lat. cantator; -y.] Containing or pertaining to cant or affectation. cănt -ěd (1), a. [CANT (1), 8.]

canted

canted molding, s.

Arch. A molding which has angular turns, but no quirks or circular work.

canted pillar, canted post, s. One from which the angles have been removed, or are absent. canted wall, s. One which forms an angle with the face of another wall.

căn-tée ́n, s. [Fr. cantine a bottle-case, canteen; Ital. cantina a cellar; O. Fr. cant, Ital. & Sp. canto a corner.] [CANT (1), 8.]

1. A bottle or vessel used by soldiers for carrying liquor for drink.

the canteens were opened; and a tablecloth was spread on the grass."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xvi.

2. A chest or box in which the mess-utensils are carried for officers of the army; a mess-chest. 3. The place in a garrison in which drink is sold to the soldiers; a suttling-house.

the king of France established a sufficient number of canteens for furnishing his troops with tobacco."-Rees: Cyclopædia.

canteen-sergeant, s. A non-commissioned officer in charge of the canteen.

the pay and position of non-commissioned officers of the army appointed to be canteen-sergeants."London Daily Telegraph, Feb. 7, 1881.

*căn-tel,v. [CANTLE, 2.]

*căn -te1 (1), căn'-telle, s. [CANTLE, 8.] *căn -tel (2), 8. [CANT, 8.] Jamieson gives this word as meaning a trick, a juggle, but in the quotation it is evidently a misprint or misreading for cautel (q. v.).

"With castis and with cantelis."

Houlate, iii. 2. căn -tě-lēin, 8. [From Lat. cantilena=an old song, gossip.]

1. Properly: An incantation. 2. A trick.

cănt-ěl-eûp, cănt -ěl-ôup, s. [CANTALOUPE.] *can-tel-mele, adv. [Mid. Eng. cantel, and A. S. mál a bit.] In bits, bit by bit.

"Men gete it now by cantelmele."-Caxton: Book of Curtasye, 409.

căn-ter (1), s. [An abbreviation of Canterbury. Canterbury gallop or Canterbury paces were phrases applied to the easy, ambling pace at which prilgrims went to the shrine of St. Thomas à Becket at Canterbury.] An easy gallop.

"The canter is to the gallop very much what the walk is to the trot, though probably a more artificial pace."Youatt: The Horse; On Draught, p. 547.

cănter (2), 8. [CANT (2), 8.] One who cants; a hypocritical talker about religious subjects.

"Nor is her talent lazily to know,

As dull divines, and holy canters do.' Oldham: On Presenting a Book to Cornelia. cănt-er, v. t. & i. [CANTER (1), 8.]

A. Trans.: To cause a horse to move in an easy gallop.

B. Intrans.: To ride at a canter or an easy gallop. "For the rest, he loved trotting better than cantering, ."-Sir E. L. Bulwer: Pelham, ch. xlii. Cănt-er-bur-y, s. & a. [From the name of the early inhabitants of Kent. It was known under the Saxons as Caer Cant.]

A. As subst. The capital of Kent, seat of the Metropolitan See of all England. The first Archbishop of Canterbury was St. Augustine, A. D. 597, and one of the most celebrated was Thomas à Becket, who was murdered in the cathedral, 1170. It was to

his shrine (demolished 1538) that the celebrated Canterbury pilgrimages were made.

B. As adjective: (See the compounds.)
Canterbury-bell, s.

Botany:

722

căn-thar-ĕl'-lus, s. [Mod. Lat. equivalent of the plant.] The scientific name of the Chantarelle (q. v.).

căn thăr -1-dæ, s. pl. [Lat. canthar(is), and

suff. -ida.]

the hooks of the tarsi being deeply cleft; the head
Entom. A family of Coleoptera, distinguished by
is unusually large, wide, and doubled behind.
căn thăr-Y-dēg, s. pl. [CANTHARIS.]
†căn-thar-id-1-an, a. [Eng. cantharid(es);
-ian.] Of or pertaining to cantharides; hence, blis-
tering, powerful.

"Oh, how they fire the heart devout,
Like cantharidian plasters."

Burns: The Holy Fair.

căn-thăr-Y-dine, căn-thări-dĩn, căn thăr I-dene, s. [Eng. cantharid (es); suff. -in, -ine (Chem.).]

tharides. Its formula is CH1202. It is soluble in Chem. The active principle extracted from canchloroform.

căn-thar-is (pl. căn-thăr -I-deş), s. [Lat. cantharis, genit. cantharidis; Gr. kantharis, genit. kantharidos.]

1. Entom. (Sing.): The Spanish-fly or Blister Beetle-fly, Cantharis vesicatoria, a coleopterous insect, the typical one of the family Cantharide. They are collected principally in Hungary, Russia, and the south of France, and are imported in cases of 100 to 175 pounds weight. In several parts of England they have become so naturalized as to be almost native. They are about eight lines long; the elytra are a fine green color. They have a disagreeable odor and a burning taste, and contain a crystalline substance, Cantharidine (q. v.).

"The flies, cantharides, are bred of a worm, or caterpillar, but peculiar to certain fruit trees."-Bacon:

Natural History.

2. Pharm. (Pl. Cantharides): The insects described under 1. Externally used as a rubefacient in the form of a liniment, also as a vesicant in the form of the common blister. They are applied to diseased and painful joints, also in cases of pleuritis, pericarditis, pneumonia, and other internal inflammations. Internally they are given in chronic affections of the nervous system, especially of the spinal cord. They have also a diuretic action. They have, among the ignorant, acquired a great reputation as an aphrodisiac. But if they have such an effect it is (outside of their diuretic action) simply irritation, which will result in strangury and inflammation. They should never be administered except by a physician.

*căn thạr-üs, s. [Gr. kantharos.]

1. A fountain or cistern in the porches of ancient churches, in which persons washed their hands on entering.

2. Ichthy.: A genus of spiny-finned fishes, family Sparida. Cantharus griseus is commonly called the Black Bream, or the Black Sea-bream.

căn-the-der-mis, s. [Gr. akantha = a spine; derma the skin.]

Ichthy.: A genus of fishes belonging to the order Plectognathes, having the body covered with minute spines or prickles, exclusive of the larger ones on the tail. (Craig.)

căn-the-rin-ēş, s. [Gr. akantha a spine; rhis, genit. rhinos-the snout.]

Ichthy. A genus of cheliform fishes, with smooth or granulated bodies, belonging to the family Balistide.

căn thid-b-mus, 8. [ Gr. akantha = a spine; domos a house. ]

Zool. A sub-genus of turbinated Univalves,belonging to the sub-family Melanianæ, in which the spine is generally short, the whorls coronated with spines or marked with longitudinal ribs, the base obtuse. căn thì găster, s. [Gr. akantha = a spine; gaster the belly.]

Ichthy.: A genus of cheliform fishes, belonging to muzzle is much prolonged, and the belly covered with spines. (Craig.)

căn-thi-lěp -tēş, s. [Gr. akantha=a spine; leptos little.] Ichthy.: The Mail-cheeks, a genus of fishes having the bones of the head greatly developed, and generally terminating in large spines; scales rough and prickly, pectoral fin highly developed, and the gill opening much contracted." (Craig.)

rhynchos=a snout.] căn thì rhynchus, 8. [Gr. akantha a spine; Ichthy. A genus of fishes, belonging to the family Agonidæ, having very long, linear bodies, the snout armed with two spines, and the body covered with smooth plates. (Craig.)

căn thì um, s. [Latinized from canti, the Malabar name of the plant.]

Bot.: A genus of Cinchonacere, consisting of spiny, rigid plants, with solitary fragrant white flowers.

cantillate

The fruit is a two-celled berry. Canthium parviflorum, an Indian plant, makes good fences, while the leaves are occasionally added to curries; but

Botany.)

they have also medicinal properties. (Treas. of the eyebrow.] căntu-o-phrys, s. [Gr. akantha a spine; ophrys

Ichthy. A genus of fishes, belonging to the family Cobitidæ, having a movable prickle reposing in a groove beneath the eye and the mouth furnished with cirri. (Craig.)

cănth-or-bis, 8. [Gr. akantha = a spine; Lat. orbis an orb.]

Conchol.: A genus of shells belonging to the Trochina, or Tops, in which the operculum is shelly, the aperture very oblique, broad, and narrow, the basal whorl much flattened. (Craig.)

căn thus, s. [Lat. from Gr. kanthos.] The corner of the eye, where the upper and under eyelids nal the lesser canthus. (Quincy.) meet. The internal is called the greater, the exter

"A gentlewoman was seized with an inflammation and tumor in the great canthus, or angle of her eye."—Wiseman.

name for the Laudes spirituali, or songs sung in the căn-tî-ci (ci as tschē), s. pl. [Ital.] Another old Romish church in praise of God, the Blessed Virgin and Saints, and Martyrs. (Stainer & Barrett.)

can'-tick, s. & a. [From cant, s. (1) (?)] A word used only in the compound which follows. cantick-quoin, s.

Naut.: A triangular block of wood, used in chocking a cask, to keep it from rolling when stowed.

căn-ti-cle, s. [Lat, canticulus = a little song, dimin. of cantus = a song; canto = to sing.] I. Ordinary Language:

2. Spec.: A song in the Roman comedy accompanied by music and dancing. Sometimes one person sang the song while another went through the appropriate gesticulation. (Stainer & Barrett.) căn-til-ê-nạ, 8. [Lat. cantilena, a frequent

form of cantus.]

1. An oft-repeated, old song.

2. In medieval music, singing exercises, in which were introduced all the intervals of the scale, &c. 3. In old church-song the plain-song or cantofermo sung in unison by one or more persons to an organ accompaniment.

4. A ballad. (Stainer & Barrett.)

cănt-i-le-ver,, fcant-a-li-ver, s. [Eng, cant= an external angle, and lever (q. v.).] A piece of wood, metal, or stone framed into the front or other sides of a house, to sustain the molding and eaves over it. (Moxon: Mechanical Exercises.) The cantilever has been utilized in the construction of railroad bridges and structures of a similar character. ical form of support is described below: The first instance of the application of this mechan

The Cantilever Bridge which spans the Niagara river just over the head of the Whirlpool Rapids and in full view of the cataract, is the first bridge of the kind ever built. It is constructed entirely of steel. Its essential principle is that of a trussed beam supported at its center on a steel tower, the landward end being securely anchored. The cantilever arms meet each other at the center of the bridge. The total length of the bridge is 895 feet; height of clear span above the river, 245 feet; length of clear span across the river, 500 feet; height of steel towers, 130 feet; length of cantilevers, 375 and 395 feet; total weight resting on columns, 1,600 tons. There is a double railroad track over the bridge. căn -ti-lie, adv. [From Scotch canty, and suff. lie-ly.] Cheerfully.

căn -til-late, v. t. [Lat. cantillo, a frequent form of canto to sing, to chant.] To chant, to recite with musical notes.

marine; gō, pot, ey = å.