the King against continuing the war,
House of Lords, their address to the King on the subject of proceedings in Boston, IV. 489.
Houses, importance of their situation, as affecting health, VI. 319. On cov ering them with copper, 329. And securing them from fire, 332. vantageous construction of the French, in this respect, 333. Description of the mode of covering them with cop- per, 334.
HowE, Lord, his interview with Frank- lin, V. 29. Their conferences relative to an adjustment of the controversy be- tween Great Britain and the colonies, 30. His suggestion of a reward for Franklin, 37. Objects, to Franklin's terms of compromise, 42. Further
suggestion of reward, 68. Signifies Lord Hyde's objections to an inter- view with Franklin, 69. Breaks off the negotiation as fruitless, 77. Is appointed commissioner to effect a reconciliation with the colonies, 97. Declines to acknowledge the Ameri- can Congress, 104. Intended inter- view of Franklin, Adams, and Rut- ledge with, mentioned, VIII. 187. HowE, MRS., Franklin's game of chess with, introducing political negotia- tions, V. 8.
HOWE, SIR WILLIAM, General, is ap- pointed a British commissioner to ef- fect a reconciliation with the colonies, V. 96.
HUME, DAVID, his compliment to Franklin, VI. 244. His essay on the Jealousy of Commerce noticed, VII. 210. Complains of the prejudice against his writings, VIII. 6. HUMPHREYS, DAVID, one of his poems translated by Marquis de Chastellux, X. 263.
HUNTER, Colonel, alluded to, VII. 116. Husbandry, some remarks on, VI. 113. HUTCHINS, THOMAS, his memorial, de- tailing his sufferings as a prisoner in England, VIII. 436. His services, 438. HUTCHINSON, THOMAS, Governor, his remarks relative to the correspondence .of Franklin with Governor Shirley, III. 57. His comment on one of the letters, 67. His agency in effecting the abolition of the paper currency of Massachusetts, IV. 178. His com- ment on the report of the Boston com- mittee in 1772, 381. Petition to the King for his removal, 430. His His- tory quoted, 444. Hearing before the Privy Council of the petition for his removal, 447. Obtains a copy of one of Franklin's letters and forwards it
to England, 450. Convenes the As- sembly of Massachusetts at Cam- bridge, 488. Challenges that body to a controversy, relative to the su- preme power of Parliament, 495. Fur- ther account of proceedings relative to the letters, 504. His conduct as governor in 1773, VIII. 37. His speech to the Assembly of Massachu- setts and its effect, 43. Proceedings of the Assembly on receiving the letters, 50. Petition to the King for his removal, 53. His letters, 72. On the printing of them, 80, 81. Proceed- ings of the Privy Council in reference to his removal, 103. Hutchinson's Letters, account of the manner in which they were obtained and sent to Massachusetts, and of the proceedings respecting them, I. 356. IV. 405-455.
HUTTON, JAMES, account of, VIII. 230. His efforts to bring about peace, 233, 236.
HYDE, Lord, Franklin's propositions for a compromise with Great Britain, sub- mitted to, V. 28. His opinion of the propositions, 28. Objects to an inter- view with Franklin, as useless, 69. Converses with Franklin relative to compromise, 74.
Hygrometer, suggestion of a, to ascer tain the different degrees of humidity of the air of different countries, VI. 427. To be made of mahogany, 429. View of a, constructed by Nairne, 449. M. de Luc's, 450. Want of a good, VII. 52.
Iceland, economy of fuel, in, VI. 539. Impressment of Seamen, Judge Foster's argument in favor of, examined, II. 331.
Inconveniences, in all situations in life, VIII. 419.
Independence, American, I. 373, 380. Declaration of, 406. Admitted as the basis of a treaty of peace, IX. 267. To be acknowledged before commenc- ing to treat, 305. Mr. Jay's view of the proper mode of acknowledging, 377; Dr. Franklin's, 389. Not to be admitted, except as an article in a treaty, 403. Mr. Oswald's instruc- tions on the subject, 407. Independent Chronicle, humorous Sup- plement to the Boston, V. 125. Indian Corn, Observations on, II. 103. Indian Goods, law of New York to prevent supplying the French with, VII. 79.
Indian Language, remarks upon, IX. 28.
Indian Trade, on the power given by the plan of union relative to, III. 46. Bill respecting, passed by the Assem- bly of Pennsylvania, 431. Not ap- proved by the governor, 456. To be regarded solely as a British interest, 189. Remarks relative to, 203. Mode in which it is carried on, 204. Regu- lation of, VII. 81.
Indian Vocabularies desired by the Em- press of Russia, X. 248. Procured by Franklin, 299.
Indians, remarks concerning the North American and their mode of life, II. 453. Their indifference to learning, 454. Mode of conducting their coun- cils, 455. Their courtesy of demean- or, illustrated by an anecdote, 456. Their hospitality, 458. Dangers to be apprehended from the, in Pennsyl- vania, III. 8. Conduct of those in the French interest, IV. 7. Their habits of life, 12. Remarks on the injustice with which they are treated, 62. Their honorable feeling, 68. Their condition in Pennsylvania, 75. Plan for the future conduct of affairs with the, 201. True policy of Great Britain with respect to the, 318. Pro- ceedings relating to the establishment of a boundary line between the prov- 'inces and the, 341. Difficulty of in- structing them in the arts of life, VII. 67. Mode of supplying the, 78. Conference with the, at Easton, 125. Massacre of the, 293. Of the bound- ary line of the, 395. Proposal to aban- don the posts in the country of the, 396. Industry, more beneficial to trade than money, II. 392.
Infection, long retention of, in dead bodies after burial, VI. 433. Various instances of this, 434.
Information to those who would remove to America, II. 467.
INGENHOUSZ, JOHN, his Queries on Electricity, and Franklin's Answers, V. 462. Some account of, VI. 406. Franklin's view of his philosophical character, 439. His experiment for burning wire, 448. His vindication of pointed conductors alluded to, VIII. 227. His experiments mentioned, 395. His discovery of the utility of leaves in purifying the air, 432. Invited by Franklin to accompany him to the United States, X. 164. His commer- cial disasters, 333.
Inland Colonies in America, true poli- cy of Great Britain in regard to, IV. 307. Lord Hillsborough's views re- specting, 315. Those of Governor Wright, 319. Their tendency to in- crease emigration, 322.
Insurance of lottery tickets, VII. 32. Interest of Great Britain considered, with Regard to her Colonies, and the Acquisition of Canada and Guada- loupe, circumstances under which it was written, IV. 1.
Interest, rate of, how affected by the scarcity of money, II. 255. Introduction to the Art of Thinking, Lord Kames's, VII. 231. Invention, on the spirit of, V. 354. Ireland, condition of the poor in, VII. 553. Franklin's Tour in, 554. Of the Parliament of, and their reception of Franklin, 558, 565. Projected un- ion of, with Great Britain, VIII. 84. Of emigration from, to America, 364. Whether or not to be included in the treaty of commerce with Great Brit- ain, X. 21. Of manufactures in, 161. Iron, no injurious vapor arises from heated, Desaguliers's experiment in proof of this, VI. 57.
IZARD, RALPH, noticed, his dissatisfac- tion with Franklin, VIII. 230. Mr Pringle's interview with Franklin, on the subject, 250. His complaint of Franklin relative to pecuniary mat- ters, 358, 369.
JACKSON, RICHARD, his letter, contain ing remarks on Franklin's Observa tions on Population, II. 321. JACKSON, WILLIAM, his public employ- ment, IX. 47. Acknowledges the judgment of Franklin, in stopping the payment of money in Holland. His controversy with Commodore Gil- lon, 54.
JACKSON, parody of his speech in favor of Slavery, II. 517. Jamaica, account of a great earthquake in, VI. 11.
JAMES, ABEL, urges Franklin to write his memoirs, IX. 479. JAMES THE FIRST, his policy in regard to libel, II. 289. Jars, Electrical, on the mode of coat- ing, V. 299.
JAY, JOHN, appointed minister to Spain, VIII. 469. His testimonial respecting Franklin's public conduct, IX. 5, 43. Is appointed one of the commissioners for negotiating peace, 82. His con- versation with Mr. Oswald relative to negotiating, 377. His view of the
proper mode of acknowledging inde- pendence, 377. Answers the charge brought against Franklin, respecting his conduct in regard to the fisheries, X. 8. Is appointed Secretary of For- eign Affairs, 103, 169.
JEANNOT, the actor, mentioned, VIII. 432.
JEBB, JOHN, his plan of a federal un- ion between the United States and Great Britain, VIII. 508. JEFFERSON, THOMAS, is appointed a commissioner to procure an alliance with France, but declines, VIII. 190. Declines the appointment as a com- missioner for negotiating peace, IX. 82. Is appointed a commissioner to negotiate treaties of commerce in Eu- rope, 102. His Notes on Virginia, X. 317.
JEFFRIES, JOHN, his account of an as- cent in balloon, alluded to, X. 243. JENYNS, SOAME, anecdote of, VII. 356. Jews, Comparison of the Conduct of the ancient, with that of the Anti- federalists, V. 158.
JOHNSON, SAMUEL, his Noëtica and Ethica noticed, his character, VI. 125. Notice of, VII. 47.
JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM, his treaty with the Six Nations laid before the Assem- bly of Pennsylvania, III. 471. His speech to the Six Nations relative to a cession of land, IV. 341. His death mentioned, VIII. 131.
JOHNSON, WILLIAM S., his account of the effect of the Boston non-importa- tion resolutions, VII. 376. His allu- sion to the character of Lord Hills- borough, 378. His account of the reception in England, of the news of riots in Boston, 418; and of the neglect of petitions of the colonies, 439; and of the proceedings of Par- liament on the revenue act, 466. JOHNSTONE, Governor, British commis- sioner, his assertion in regard to Frank- lin denied, VIII. 302, 443. JONES, JOHN PAUL, supposed letter from Sir Joseph Yorke to, V. 131. Anecdote of, 136. His conduct in regard to the Countess of Selkirk, VIII. 273. Command of a ship pro- posed to, by Franklin, 274. Instruc- tions to, respecting the command of a frigate, 275. Expedition proposed to, by Franklin, 337. Instructions to, 339. Plan for employing, 351. His activity in destroying British com- merce, 390. Allusion to his action with the Serapis, 393, 396. His con- duct on the British Coast, 399, 402. His quarrel with Captain Landais, 425. Recommended to the President
of Congress, 465. His quarrel with Landais, 43, 484. Account of his squadron, IX. 7. Leaves the service of Russia, X. 419.
JONES, SIR WILLIAM, his intended ne- gotiation with Franklin, VIII. 365. His plan of visiting America, 367. His Fragment of Polybius, given at length, 543. His appointment as a judge in Bengal, IX. 500. Journal of the Negotiation for Peace with Great Britain, Franklin's, IX. 238. Judges, on a proposition relating to the independence of, in the colonies, V. 22.
Junto, a club established by Franklin, its members described, I. 81. Is ex tended, 129. Account of the, II. 9. Proposals and Queries for the consid- eration of the, 551. Song written by Franklin for the, VII. 92. Concern- ing some members of the, 180. Fur- ther allusion to the, 223. Song writ- ten for the, by Franklin, 224. Remark relating to the, 301.
KALM, PETER, VI. 110. Again, VII. 37. His effort to prove that America was discovered before Columbus, VIII. 69.
KAMES, Lord, his Elements of Criti cism, alluded to, VI. 263. Notice of, VII. 187. Concerning the por- trait of Penn in his possession, 189. His Principles of Equity mentioned, 197. His Introduction to the Art of Thinking, 231. His Elements noticed, 241. His views relating to a conso- lidating union between the colonies and Great Britain, 334. KEIMER, THOMAS, I. 35. His eccen- tricities, 47. Franklin engages in business with him, 69. Their separa- tion, 72. His rivalry of Franklin, in the publication of a newspaper, II.
KEITH, SIR WILLIAM, Governor of Pennsylvania, advises Franklin to set up in Philadelphia, I. 38, 45. Frank lin, by his advice, visits England, 52. His wanton deception of Franklin, 55. Enters upon the government of Pennsylvania, III. 187. His admin- istration, 188. Dismisses Logan from the office of Secretary, 189. ceives orders from England to rein- state him, 190. His controversy with Lloyd, Speaker of the Assembly, 191. Retires from office, 192. KEMPEL, his automaton chess-player,
King of France. See France.
King of Great Britain, his power over naval and military forces throughout his dominions, IV. 277. Limitations of his power, 278. Several of his
dominions not subject to Parliament, 230. His rents in North America, 380. He, not the Parliament, the bond of union between Britain and the colonies, 403. Petition to, for the removal of Hutchinson and Oliver, 430. Massachusetts petition to the, VIII. 22. Presented to, by Lord Dartmouth, 47. Massachusetts peti- tion for the removal of the governors presented to, 100. His reception of the petition of Congress, X. 433. KINNERSLEY, EBENEZER, communi- cates to Franklin a discovery of the various kinds of electricity, excited by rubbing glass and sulphur, V. 177. His character as a lecturer, 257. No- tice of his electrical experiments, VI.
KIPPIS, ANDREW, his Life of Captain Cook cited, I. 456. V. 122.
Kite, Electrical, Franklin's experiment with the, V. 174. Other similar ex- periments with the, 295. Quantities of lightning brought down by that of M. de Romas, 437.
Knobs, value of, as conductors, com- pared with points, V. 393. Their in- feriority, 441.
KOTKOUSKI, Count de, recommended to Washington, VIII. 220.
Labor, the true measure of value, II. 265. Importance of applying it to useful purposes, 450. Its utility, X.
Laboring Poor, superiority of the con- dition of the American, to that of those of other countries, II. 367. Labrador, of the Moravian mission in, VIII. 496.
LAFAYETTE, introduced to Franklin by Dr. Cooper, VIII. 305. His uniting in an expedition with Paul Jones sug- gested, 337. The expedition defeated, 338. Sword presented to, by Con- gress, 380. Its reception acknowl- edged, 381 His return to the United States, 429. His reception in Paris in 1782, IX. 172. Suggests his desire of a mission to London, 276. Inter- est taken by him in the commercial relations between France and the Uni- ted States, X. 46. His services to the United States in Europe, 102. His reception in America in 1784, 135. His account of a tour in Germany, 247.
LANDAIS, Captain, his misconduct dur- ing the action with the Serapis, and proceedings in consequence, VIII. 397. His quarrel with Commodore Jones, 425, 483, 484. His mutinous conduct and insanity, 485. LANDRIANI, Professor, his work on the utility of electrical conductors, no- ticed, V. 482.
Languages, learned, inexpediency of instructing children generally in the, II. 159. Extent to which they should be pursued, VII. 46. Defects of the usual method of teaching, X. 91. LA ROCHE, Abbé de, Poem on Hap- piness addressed to, II. 220. LATHROP, JOHN, X. 347. LATOUCHE, Captain, his services as commander of a frigate in America, VIII. 456.
LAUD, Archbishop, inefficacy of his attempts to prevent the emigration of the Puritans, IV. 462.
LAURENS, HENRY, application of Frank. lin to Sir Grey Cooper respecting, VIII. 514. His treatment as a prison- er in the Tower, 517, 522. His mis- sion, 527. His merit, IX. 31. Is ap- pointed a commissioner for negotiating peace, 82. Of the exchange of Bur- goyne for, 84. Provision for his re- lief in the Tower, 105, 115. Mr. Burke's opinion of him, 170. Re- commends Mr. Oswald to Dr. Frank- lin, 241. His conversation with Mr. Adams respecting the views of the British ministers and the basis of peace, 256. Of the exchange of Lord Cornwallis for, 263, 292, 319. Declines acting as a commissioner for negotiat- ing peace, 287.
LAURENS, JOHN, suggests the appoint- ment of a Secretary of Legation in France, IX. 43.
LAVOISIER, his experiments respecting heat, IX. 228, 235. His Nomenclature Chimique, X. 362.
Lead, danger of using, in distilleries, VI. 279. Its effects on the human constitution, 564.
Leather, suggestion of the expediency of using a globe of, for electrical ex periments, when travelling, V. 22. Lecture on the Providence of God in the Government of the World, II. 525. LEE, ARTHUR, his account of Frank- lin's demeanor before the Privy Coun cil, IV. 452. His hostility to Frank lin shown by portions of his corre- spondence, VIII. 57. Is appointed a commissioner of the United States to procure an alliance with France, 190. His reception in Spain, 205. His conduct in regard to the commission-
ers' accounts, 256. His complaint, that he was not informed of Gérard's mis- sion, 257. Reason of its concealment from him, 260. His demand, that no order should be drawn on the Amer- ican banker but by the commissioners jointly, 272. Of advances made to, by the commissioners, 310. Difficul ties created by, respecting supplies for Virginia, 321. Evidence of his hostility to Franklin, 444. Encour- ages Landais to resist the authority of Jones, 485.
LEE, CHARLES, General, VIII. 169. LEE, WILLIAM, his complaint against Franklin, VIII. 358.
Left Hand, petition of the, II. 184. Leg, The Handsome and Deformed, II. 185.
Legal Tender, inconvenience in the colonies of rendering paper money a, and remedy attempted by Parliament, II. 353.
Legislature, members of the, how to be chosen, under the plan of union, III. 40. Inexpediency of dividing the, into two branches, V. 165.
LEMAIRE, Captain, his difficulty in pro- curing supplies for Virginia in Europe, VIII. 321.
LENTMANN, J. G., his description of a stove, VI. 544.
LE ROY, DAVID, VI. 463.
Letter concerning the Gratitude of Amer- ica, and the Probability and Effects of a Union with Great Britain; and Concerning the Repeal or Suspension of the Stamp Act, IV. 156. Letter from China, II. 241. LETTSOM, JOHN COAKLEY, VI. 307. His Memoirs of Dr. Fothergill, X. 267. Levee, The, II. 164.
Lexington, battle of, VIII. 153. Leyden Bottle, observations on, with ex- periments proving the different state of its electrical surfaces, V. 189. Man- ner in which those states are com- bined and balanced, 191. Experi- ments with the, 192. Further experi- ments, 196. Its power of giving a shock in the glass, 201. Error of Nollet's statements in regard to the, 326. Retains its electricity, 381. Se- lection of glass for the, 453. M. Vol- ta's experiment, the same as that of the, 476.
Libel, punishment of, among the Ro- mans, II. 286. Policy of British kings in regard to, 287. Growing severity of English laws against, till the time of Charles the First, 288. Sketch of the history of English law in relation to, 296. Principle of the civil law in regard to, 301.
Liberty, its spirit beginning to prevail in Europe, X. 321.
Life, Essay on the Waste of, II. 77. Light, suggestions respecting the phe- nomena of, V. 285. Reasons for be- lieving that it is distinct from matter, VI. 115. Remark on Colden's theory of, 122.
Lightning, its identity with electricity, V. 174. Most dangerous position dur- ing, 220. Vapors most easily kindled by, 221. Its effects in melting and rending bodies explained, 224. Sug- gestion of the utility of points in pre- serving from, 236. Similarity between its effects and those of electricity, 237. Its power of fusing metals, 238. Ad- ditional experiments in reference to, 253. Its effect in producing the mag netic virtue, 263. Explanation of the cause of its crooked direction, 263. Its remarkable velocity, 267. plained, 268. Dutch Church at New York struck by, 277. M. Dalibard's experiment, showing its identity with electricity, 288. That of M. de Lor, 294. Mr. Canton's experiment, 297. Mr. Wilson's, 298. Commonly strikes from the earth into the clouds, 305. Direction of, and utility of rods for conducting it, 311. Particulars in which the electric fluid agrees with, 350. Leaves wood to pass through metal, 358. Produces heat in itself and other bodies by rapid motion, 374. Its effect on Mr. Raven's rod in Charleston, 395. And on Mr. Maine's, 396. Probability that a loud explo sion accompanies every flash of, 402. Method of securing a powder maga zine against, 407. Various qualities of, 414. Best position for security from, 418. Quick putrefaction of an- imals killed by, 457. Attempt to ex- plain its effect on a church in Cremo- na, 467. On the mode of securing houses against, VI. 241. Effect of, 377. Cause of explosions by, VII. 237.
LINCOLN, BENJAMIN, Secretary of War, asks information of Franklin on mili- tary subjects, IX. 413. LINNEUS, his mode of preserving ship- timber from insects, VI. 223. Linseed Oil, of the manufacture of, in the colonies, VI. 79. LISTER, his view of the causes of earth- quakes, VI. 2.
LITH, his obtrusive application to Franklin answered, VIII. 209. LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R., is appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs, IX. 85. Vindicates the claim to the fisheries, 135. Urges the necessity of further
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