taken of their education. This word has, of late in the best manner; to set them an example in His blessings are of a directly opposite descripyears, been so perverted, so corrupted, so abused, industry, sobriety, cleanliness, and neatness; to tion; flocks, herds, corn, wine and oil; a smi. in its application, that I am almost afraid to use make all these habitual to them, so that they ling land; a rejoicing people; abundance for the it here. Yet I must not suffer it to be usurped by never shall be liable to fall into the contrary; body and gladness of the heart: these are the cant and tyranny. I must use it; but, not with- to let them always see a good living proceeding blessings which God promises to the industrious, out clearly saying what I mean. from labour, and thus to remove from them the the sober, the careful, and the upright. Let no 11. Education means breeding up, bringing up, temptation to get at the goods of others by vio-man, then, believe, that to be poor and wretched or rearing up; and nothing more. This in lent or fraudulent means, and to keep far from is a mark of God's favour; and let no man recludes every thing with regard to the mind as their minds all the inducements to hypocrisy and main in that state, if he, by any honest means, well as the body of the child; but of late years, deceit. can rescue himself from it. it has been so used as to have no sense applied to 15. And, bear in mind, that, if the state of the 18. Poverty leads to all sorts of evil consequenit but that of book-learning, with which, nine labourer has its disadvantages when compared ces. Want, horrid want, is the great parent of times out of ten, it has nothing at all to do. It is, with other callings and conditions of life, it has crime. To have a dutiful family, the father's indeed, proper, and it is the duty of every parent, also its advantages. It is free from the torments principle of rule must be love not fear. His to teach, or cause to be taught, their children as of ambition, and from a great part of the causes sway must be gentle, or he will have only an unmuch as they can of books, after, and not before, of ill health, for which not all the riches in the willing and short-lived obedience. But, it is all the measures are safely taken for enabling world and all the circumstances of high rank are given to but few men to be gentle and good huthem to get their living by labour, or, for provi- a compensation. The able and prudent labourer moured amidst the various torments attendant on ding them a living without labour, and that too, is always safe, at the least, and that is what few pinching poverty. A competence is, therefore, out of the means obtained and secured by the men are who are lifted above him. They have the first thing to be thought of; it is the foundaparents out of their own income. The taste of losses and crosses to fear, the very thought of tion of all good in the labourer's dwelling; withthe times unhappily, is to give to children some which never enters his mind, if he act well his out it little but misery can be expected. "Health thing of book-learning with a view of placing part towards himself, his family, and his neigh-" peace and competence," one of the wisest of them to live, in some way or other, upon the bour. men regards as the only things needful to men ; labour of other people. Very seldom, compara- 16. But the basis of good to him, is, steady but the two former are scarcely to be had withtively speaking, has this succeeded, even during and skilful labour. To assist him in the pursuit out the latter. Competence is the foundation of the wasteful public expenditure of the last thirty of this labour, and in the turning of it to the best happiness and of exertion. Beset with wants, havyears; and in the times that are approaching, it account, are the principal objects of the presenting a mind continually harassed with fears of cannot, I thank God, succeed at all. When the little work. I propose to treat of Brewing Beer, starvation, who can act with energy, who can project has failed, what disappointment, mortifi- making Bread, keeping Cows and Pigs, rearing calmly think? To provide a good living therecation, and misery, to both parent and child! Poultry, Rabbits, Pigeons, keeping Bees, and the fore, for himself and family, is the very first The latter is spoiled as a labourer; his book- uses of the honey; and to all these things, too, duty of every man. "Two things," says AGUR, learning has only made him conceited; into some in a mere cottage establishment; and to show," have I asked; deny me them not before I die: course of desperation he falls; and the end is that while, from a very small piece of ground, a" remove far from me vanity and lies; give me but too often not only wretched, but ignominious. large part of the food of a considerable family" neither poverty nor riches; feed me with 12. Understand me clearly here, however; for, may be raised, the very act of raising it will be" food convenient for me; lest I be full and deny it is the duty of parents to give, if they be able, the best possible foundation of education of the" thee; or lest I be poor and steal." book-learning to their children, having first ta- children of the labourer; that it will teach them 19. A good living, therefore, a competence, is ken care to make them capable of earning their a great number of useful things, add greatly to the first thing to be desired and to be sought afliving by bodily labour. When that object has their value when they go forth from their fath-ter; and if this little work should have the effect once been secured, the other may, if the ability er's home, make them start in life with all pos-of aiding only a small portion of the labouring remain, be attended to. But, I am wholly against sible advantages, and give them the best chance classes in securing that competence, it will afford children wasting their time in the idleness of of leading happy lives. And is it not much more great gratification to their friend. what is called education; and particularly in rational for parents to be employed in teaching schools over which the parents have no control, their children how to cultivate a garden, to feed and where nothing is taught but the rudiments of and rear animals, to make bread, beer, bacon, servility, pauperism and slavery. butter, and cheese, and to be able to do these 13. The education that I have in view is, things for themselves, or for others, than to leave therefore, of a very different kind. You should them to prowl about the lanes and commons, or bear constantly in mind, that nine tenths of us to mope at the heels of some crafty, sleek-headed At an adjourned meeting of the citizens of are, from the very nature and necessities of the pretended saint, who while he extracts the last Greene County, friendly to the formation of an world, born to gain our livelihood by the sweat penny from their pockets, bids them be content-Agricultural Society, held at the Court House in of our brow. What reason have we, then, to ed with their misery, and promises them in ex- Greenville, on Friday evening, the 20th inst. the presume, that our children are not to do the change for their pence, everlasting glory in the Chairman and Secretary being present. same? If they be, as now and then one will be, world to come? It is upon the hungry and the The minutes of the former meeting were read, endued with extraordinary powers of mind, those wretched that the fanatick works. The dejected and WILLIAM COBBETT. Kensington, 9th July, 1821. GREENE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. powers may have an opportunity of developing and forlorn are his prey. As an ailing carcass The committee appointed to adopt a plan for themselves; and, if they never have that oppor-engenders vermin, a pauperized community en- the aforesaid purpose, reported as follows:tunity, the harm is not very great to us or to genders teachers of fanaticism, the very founda- Your committee have duly considered the imthem. Nor does it hence follow, that the descen- tion of whose doctrine is, that we are to care no-portance of the subject submitted to their charge, dants of labourers are always to be labourers. thing about this world, and that all our labours and after carefully deliberating upon it, are of the The path upwards is steep and long, to be sure. and exertions are in vain. opinion that the best plan will be to form an indeIndustry, care, skill, excellence in the present 17. The man, who is doing well, who is in good pendent society for this county; allowing the citiparent lays the foundation of a rise, under more health, who has a blooming and dutiful and zens of the adjacent counties, however, the privifavourable circumstances, for his children. The cheerful and happy family about him, and wholege of becoming members, if they desire it. In this children of these take another rise; and, by and passes his day of rest amongst them, is not to be opinion, your committee feel warranted to say by, the descendants of the present labourer be- made to believe, that he was born to be misera- they are joined by their fellow citizens of this come gentlemen. ble, and that poverty, the certain reward of lazi-county, generally. They have therefore in con CONSTITUTION. 14. This is the natural progress. It is by at-ness, is to secure him a crown of glory. Far beformity with the power vested in them, drawn tempting to reach the top at a single leap, that it from me to recommend a disregard of even the up a few articles of association, for the governso much misery is produced in the world; and outward observances of the ceremonies of reli-ment of the Society, which are herewith respectthe propensity to make such attempts has been gion; but can it be religion to believe, that God fully submitted for the consideration of the memcherished and encouraged by the strange pro- has made us to be wretched and dejected, and to bers. jects that we have witnessed of late years for regard as marks of his grace the poverty and making the labourers virtuous and happy by misery that invariably attend our neglect to use giving them what is called education. The educa- the means of obtaining a competence in worldly selves under the style and title of the tion which I speak of consists in bringing chil- things? Can it be religion to regard as blessings" GREENE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY." dren up to labour with steadiness, with care, and those things, those very things, which God ex- Article 1. The object of this association is the with skill; to show them how to do as many useful pressly numbers amongst his curses? Poverty promotion of Agriculture, Rural Economy and things as possible; to teach them to do them all never finds a place amongst the blessings of God. Domestic Industry. We, the subscribers, do agree to associate our Art. 2. The Society shall meet regularly in cies of the society, the books and papers of the A Committee consisting of John A. Aiken, the town of Greeneville, on the fourth Mondays other departments excepted. It shall be their Esq. Dr. A. Williams, and Benjamin Lundy, in the months of April and October in each year. duty to take the most efficient measures for col were appointed to draft by-laws for the instituFifteen members shall constitute a quorum to lecting and distributing the best samples of all tion, to be submitted to next stated meeting. transact business. the most useful grains, roots, and seeds; for colB. Lundy was appointed to deliver an Oration Art. 3. The officers of the society shall con- lecting all native fossils, marls, earth or substan-at the next stated meeting. sist of a President, two Vice Presidents, a Record- ces proper for manures; for causing the same The following persons were elected honorary ing Secretary, an Assistant Recording Secretary, to be analysed, when practicable, and report the members, viz-Hon. Thomas Emmerson, Dr. a Treasurer, two Collectors, a Librarian, twelve results to the society; for procuring experi-Thomas G. Watkins, Hon. Samuel Powell, Gen. Trustees, and such other officers as the by-laws ments, to be made by careful agriculturists, of Andrew Jackson, Robert Dixon, Esq. Col. Edof the Society shall from time to time direct. All all such fossils, marls, earth or substances; for ward Ward, and Col. John Williams. officers, when not otherwise directed, shall be collecting models of the best agricultural imple chosen by ballot. They shall serve until the ments, and to report their properties and useful- Resolved, That the proceedings of this meetclose of the next exhibition; and then, and ness; to designate from time to time all such ing be signed by the Chairman and Secretary, thereafter be annually elected at the general subjects and objects for which premiums should and published in the American Economist, and meeting in the month of October. be offered, and to fix and declare the several in the American Farmer. Art. 4. The duty of the President shall be to premiums for the same; to appoint committees Adjourned. WM. DICKSON, Chairman. preside at all meetings; to direct such corres-to examine into the merits of, and report on all pondence as may be necessary; to superintend claims for premiums; to designate the time, and THOMAS HODGE, Jun. Secretary. the affairs of the Society, and to make such com- make the requisite preparatory arrangements, munications as from time to time may be esteem-every year, for the meeting of the society, and to ed useful. keep regular minutes of all their proceedings. Baltimore College, May 17th, 1824. Art. 5. In case of the absence of the Presi- Art. 12. The first exhibition of the Society TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. dent at any meeting of the Society, the First shall be on the fourth Monday in October next. Vice President, or if he may not be in attendance,} Art. 13. The Society shall have power to I have devoted a few leisure-moments to the the Second, shall fulfil the duties of President.-make such by-laws and regulations, as they examination of the plants of which you have But in case of the absence, death, or resignation shall from time to time deem necessary for car- obligingly placed specimens in my hands. of any officer, the Society shall have power to rying into effect the objects of the institution. The plant which goes under the name of Guinea appoint in his place a member, to act until the Art. 14. Every member, on joining this so- Grass, is the Panicum laeve, mentioned in the appearance of such absent officer-or, in case of ciety, (honorary members excepted) shall pay to botanical part of the French Encyclopedia, by death or resignation, until another shall be duly the Treasurer at least one dollar; and shall an Lamark and Poiret. The Panicum polygamum of elected. nually be required to pay a sum not more than Swartz, and the panicum jumentorum of Persoon, Art. 6. It shall be the duty of the Recording one dollar, in the month of August as long as he may properly be referred to this species; but the Secretary to take notice of such proceedings of may continue in membership. hanicum altissimum of Jacquin, cannot be so DEAR SIR, the general meetings as the Society may direct, Art. 15. All the expenses incurred in pro- quite satisfactorily. This valuable gramen is a and to keep a regular journal of the same; and curing premiums to be distributed by the society, native of Guinea and Abyssinia. Its excellence also to read all papers laid before the Society. or for such other purposes as shall be authorised as a forage, early recommended it to the inhabiThe Assistant Recording Secretary shall aid in at any general meeting, shall be paid by the tants of the West Indies, whose genial sun fathe performance thereof, whenever his services Treasurer, according to order, duly issued as vours its luxuriant growth.-I must here observe may be needed. mentioned in the eighth article. that the appellation of guinea grass, has been asArt. 7. The Corresponding Secretary shall Art. 16. The Society shall consist of inhabi-signed to other gramineous plants. This has open a correspondence with such other associa- tants of this and the adjacent counties of East unavoidably given rise to doubts, uncertainties, tions or individuals on the different subjects em-Tennessee, friendly to Agricultural improvement and mistakes, which it is one of the advant..ges braced by this Society, as it may direct, and lay and the promotion of domestic economy; and of a scientific nomenclature to remove. The the same from time to time before the President provision shall be made for the admission of ho- genus panicum belongs to the class Triandria, and he shall render a true account of the expen-norary members. order Digynia of the Linnean method. ses attending the same, if any, at a stated meet- Art. 17. Any member shall be permitted to The Egyptian Millet is a variety of the Holcus ing, which expenses shall be paid out of the funds withdraw his name, at any time, provided he spicatus of Linneas; but Persoon has placed it of the Society. may not be in arrears to the society, by giving in the new genus Pennisetum, under the name of Art. 8. The Treasurer shall receive all mo- notice to the Recording Secretary, and producing Pennisetum typhoideum. It is not my object to nies, whether of regular contributions, or dona- the Collector's receipt. inquire, in this place, into the propriety of this tions, and pay them out upon orders from the Art. 18. This Constitution or any article there-removal from the original class Polygamia to the President, duly signed by him, and countersigned of, may be amended by the vote of two-thirds of class Triandria-nor into the correctness of the by the Recording Secretary. He shall keep a the members present, at any stated autumnal modern dilaceration of the Linnean genera—a fair account of his receipts and disbursements, meeting, provided such amendment shall have dilaceration too often carried to excess and prowhich he shall at any time submit to the inspec- been proposed for consideration at a previous ductive of difficulty, and even confusion.-I will tion of a committee duly appointed and authori-stated meeting of the Society. confine myself to observing that the H. spicatus sed by the Society to examine the same, and set- The foregoing articles were separately read and is a native of Asia and Africa, where it has been tle with him. adopted. After which the Society went into an improved by culture, and whence it has been election of officers, which resulted as follows:- transferred into Europe aud America. Its seeds LIST OF OFFICERS. are extremely farinaceous, and the meal or flour WILLIAM DICKSON, Esq. President. obtained from them considerably swells in water; MICHAEL BRIGHT, Esq. First Vice Presi- and a quantity of it so small as to be easily condent. tained in the hollow of a man's hand, will afford Hence it proves highly serviceable to the negroes, and is chiefly used by those of Senegal, when travelling. It may, perhaps, be no idle sugges. tion to recommend this viaticum to such among us as may be destined to distant expeditions through wild and barren tracts of country. Pre, vious trials may readily be made to test this property of the H. spicatus. Art 9. It shall be the duty of the Collectors to collect the annual contributions from the members when in arrears, and pay the same into the hands of the Treasurer. Art. 10. The Librarian shall take charge of all the printed books, periodical works, &c. &c. belonging to the Society, and shall dispose of them as the by-laws shall direct. JOHN A. M'KINNEY, Esq. Second Vice Presi-him abundant nourishment for a whole day. dent. THOMAS HODGE, Jun. Recording Secretary. Art. 11. Twelve Trustees shall be elected, a M. PAYNE, Assistant Recording Secretary. due proportion of which shall be residents of the BENJAMIN LUNDY, Corresponding Secretary. different counties whose citizens shall become WILLIAM K. VANČE, Treasurer. members of this Society. They shall meet as RICHARD M. WOODS, often as their Chairman or any two members Col A. HUNTER, may deem it necessary; and any three of their JOHN A. AIKIN, Esq. Librarian. number shall constitute a quorum. The Trus } Collectors. TRUSTEES. The plant seen in Alabama by one of your esteemed correspondents, and afterwards successfully cultivated by himself, is, (so far as I can judge from the specimen sent to you) the Panicum italicum, which, according to Elliott, grows from 2 to 10 feet in South Carolina and Georgia. This plant is an exotic, which early passed from India to Italy, whence it has derived its specific deserve the attention of every enlightened agri- 1792. 6. Gr. m. Calypso, full sister to the famous Oct. 1. Won a match at the Bowling May 11. 2. Won the 2d day's purse, 3 m. 3. Won the 2d day's purse, 3 m. h. Hanover Court House. 19. 4. Won the 2d day's purse, 3 m. h. Fredericksburg. Hanover Court House. Bearer, 3 m. h. 14. 9. Won the Fredericksburg J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. Oct. 2. 10. Won the Va. J. C. Purse at Hanover Court House, beating the celebrated Leviathan, and Col. Haskin's Kitte Medley. The seed which you gave me, under the name are the princes of the vegetable kingdom; Lilies, of Jackson pea, I take to be the seed of a species that "neither spin nor weave," its patricians. of securigera, a new genus which formerly con- The gramina form, then, the less splendid, but stituted part of the genus Coronilla, from which more useful plebeian multitude. They are the 1795. it has been separated on account of some material support and constitute the strength of the empire. differences in the form of the pod. The seed of They feed man, and afford abundant supplies to the Trigonella also bears some resemblance to granivorous animals; in short, they are, in every 1796. this pea. When I see the whole plant I shall be respect, entitled to our researches, experiments, able to determine precisely what it is-I will &c. The exotic gramina cultivated here are Oct. add that both the Securigera and the Trigonella pretty accurately known-notwithstanding the belong to the class Diadelphia, order Decandria. confusion created by common-names; but for our This is not the time to enter into details re-native gramina much remains yet to be done. specting the methods of botanists, either artificial Michaux, Muhlenberg, Elliott, Pursh, Nuttall, Nov. 9. 5. Won the colt's purse, 2 m. h. Annaor natural. Suffice it to call the attention of your and some others, have rendered immense servi polis. correspondents to the following remarks. ces to the science, in this respect-but their 1797. May 10. 6. Won the 2d day's purse, 3 m. Whether the method adopted and pursued by works are neither complete nor accessible to all. h. at Tappahannock. a botanist, be artificial or natural, its object evi-A natural history of the grasses of the United Oct. 3. 7. Won the Va. J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. at dently is to furnish the solution of this important States, digested and arranged, according to the problem. analytic method of Lamarck and Decandolle, and Nov. 4. 8. Was beat at Petersburg, by Purse"Given any vegetable production whatever, written in English, would eminently promote the to find the rank and the name assigned to it by best interests of agriculture. Of this, however, Botanists?" enough for the present. I will conclude by ob This problem once solved, that is, the name and serving that, although some species of the genus 1798. rank of the given production clearly known, we hanicum are found in high latitudes, yet the whole may by recurring to the works of those naturalists family, in general, delights in the genial climate who have treated of that production, avail our-of southern regions. It luxuriates most under a selves of their accumulated knowledge, and learn tropical sun; and we find the species to increase in a few hours what much time and persona! ob- upon us, as we proceed towards the equator-in servation could hardly have taught us. some parts of our southern possessions, the genus The methods which I pursue (for I sometimes panicum strikingly predominates; and notwithuse the Linnean system, sometimes the arrange-standing all the new genera formed out of it by 1799. ment of Jossieu, and at other times the analytic modern Botanists, it still includes upwards of 150 method of Lamarck and Decandolle) require a species. I had intended to offer some remarks on view of the whole plant, if attainable, but es-the panicum mitiaceum-the Holcus saccharetus pecially, of the parts of the fructification, that-H beistor, the Melicaglabra, the vicia pusilla, is, of the flower and fruit. These parts are es-&c. but time fails me I remain with sincere esteem, dear sir, sentially necessary for the determination of the Your obedient humble servant, class, order, and genus; the species requires to L. H. GIRARDIN. be determined circumstances of a more variable nature, and embracing a wider compass. The upper, lower, and even the radical leaves; the PEDIGREE AND PERFORMANCES stem, the root, in short, the whole plant should Of Col. 1 ArLOE's celebrated running horses V1be sent, with notes on the height of the plant, its RAGO, CALYPSO, LEVIATHAN and TOPGALLANT. favourite soil, the colour of its flower, the time 1795. Ch. m. Virago, was purchased at 4 years of its floration, that of the maturation of the fruit or seed, the odour of the plant, if it has any, its taste, &c. what animals (from insects to quadrupeds) seem fond of it, &c. These circumstances are not, indeed, equally essential for the determination of a given plant, but they are satisfactory and useful, and often serve to dispel doubts and uncertainties. 11. 10 Won the J. C. Purse 4 m. h. at Richmond. 31. 12. Won the J. C. Purse 4 m. h. at Fre- May 8. 13. Won the J. C. Purse 4 m. h.at 14. 14. Won the J. C. Purse 4 m. h. at Tap pahannock, Calypso was one of the best runners of the day, having lost but one race out of fourteen— being, however, trained with Leviathan, Virago and Flirtilla-all distinguished runners. 1798. Oct. 2. Gr. g. Leviathan (Flagellator) by Flag of Truce-Sire of First Consul, was purchased, after beating him with Calypso. 3. 1. Won the 2d day's J. C. Purse, at Hanover Court House, 3 m. h. 30. 2. Won the J. C. Purse at Annapolis, 4 m. h. 1799. April 20. 3. Won the J. C. Purse, Richmond, 4 m. h. old, by J. T. of Mr. Wm. Johnson, May 10. 1. Won the Jockey Club Purse, Your correspondents should be requested to 1796. collect the specimens intended for you in fair, dry weather-and after the sun has evaporated all the moisture which plants generally imbibe during Sept. 13. the night. If possible two specimens of each plant should be sent-one exhibiting it at the time Oct. 18. of its floration-and the other at the time of its full maturity-all the parts should be carefully Nov. 8. preserved-but they may be separated from each 3. 2. Beat Va. Nell in a match at Port Won the Fredericksburgh, J. C. 1800, 4. Won the Annapolis J. C. Purse- 15.5. 2d day's, Petersburg, 3 m. h. Won the Va J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. at 2d day's, Tappahannock, 3 m. h. Hanover Court House. 17. 7. 2d day's J. C. Purse, 3 m. h. Rich- 30. 8. do. do. Petersburg. Virago, having other for the sake of easier conveyance. The 1797. May 9. 5 Won the J. C. Purse at Tap May 21. 10. Won the J. C. Purse 4 m. h. at Richwhole should be desiccated in suitable brown pa pahannock, 4 m h. mond-beating the celebrated Minerva and Lady Bull. 27. 11. Won the J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. at Petersburg. 12 9. Won the 2d day's J. C. Purse at June 10. 12. 23. 10. Won the J. C. Purse at Petersburg, Oct. 15. 4 m. h. per, as in the formation of an herbarium-and 1798. May 8. 6. Won do. do. The gramineous plants of the United States a do. do. Tappahannock, again beating Minerva and Lady Bull 13. Won the J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. at Rich mond. Oct. Broke down in race with bl. Nov. 4. 14. do. do. do. Alexandria, beatbeating Lee Boo, and others. do. Richmond. do. Richmond. do. Being lame, was beaten at Fredericks Lighttoot,) Minerva, and others, and 1801, May 12. 15. do. burg. Do at Washington-by Mr. Sprigg's 1802, April Sold him to Maj. McPherson of S. to a patch of peppergrass, growing abundant numerous and respectable, and have much influC. In 1799 and 1800, he beat the best ly in an apple nursery, which they devoured ence here; his exertions to introduce his plough, horses of the day with great ease; was greedily, and were all raised; while, at the same have been unwearied and incessant-and most of considered the best horse that ever time, another brood confined on the short blue the Friends have encouraged him, and some of ran in Virginia, and is yet quoted as grass of the house lot, nearly all died. Again-them have purchased his ploughs for their own their first racers. I had seen toddy, made with a decoction of red use, who heretofore used mine to the exclusion b. h. Top Gallant, by imported Diomed; pepper and rum, drunk with advantage, in that of all others. What has been the result of seveShark; Harris's Eclipse; Old Janus. complaint of the throat so fatal to soldiers, in the ral year's experience in the use of each plough, Purchased 1804, at 3 years of Mr. latter part of the late war; and I had seen pepper under all the circumstances of variety of ground, Clayton. mush applied as a poultice with great benefit for season, and draught?-Davis's plough has been 1804, 1. Won the sweepstakes at Petersburg, a sore throat with swelled tonsils. These conjec- laid aside, and the farmers have, with scarcely tures of the nature of the disease, and the recol- an exception, resumed the use of my plough, 2 m. h. 2. Do. Richmond, lections of those two remedies, made me suppose and all this after the experience of some ten or 2 m. h. that a pungent heating diet, to overcome the ef twelve years. Does not this speak louder than all Mr. Davis's 1805, May 12. 3. Won the Handicap Plate at fects of wet and cold, would prevent, if not cure the Broad Rock, 3 m. h. disease. I have made the trial, and to this time with speculation, unsupported by facts, or even spe22. 4. Won the J.C. Purse, 4 m. h. at Richmond the appearance of the most perfect success. I have cious representations? Oct. 5. Do. 6. Do. 1806, Feb. do do do do 4 do 4 do TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER. ON THE GAPES WILLIAM BROWN. Brookville, May 12, 1824. Editorial Correspondence. Broadrock. boiled red pepper pods in water, and made mush Richmond. with this, which I feed plentifully to the young 7. Won the J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. at chickens and turkies every morning, and of seveCharleston, S. C. ral broods-all have continued healthy, and seem Oct. 8. Won the J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. at unusually active and vigorous. I prefer the mornRichmond. Topgallant was beaten in ing for this warm diet, on the same principle Extract of a letter dated Edgefield Court House, the autumn of 1804, by the celebrated that antifogmatics are taken by the gentlemen of (S. C.) 26th April, 1824. Florizel, in a sweepstakes between the southern states. I wish other housewives to "The Woad Seed you were so kind as to send them, Amanda, the dam of Duroc, and make trial of this remedy, (and of pepper grass me the second time, have vegetated, and are now others. He was afterwards beaten for if they please) and communicate the result of very flourishing, having just shed their blossoms. the J. C. Purse, 4 m. h. at Washington their experience. If I have made a discovery, as I shall procure seed this season, sufficient for a by Floretta, having beaten her, Oscar I believe I have, I hereby invite some agricultu-crop the ensuing year, though I have not much and First Consul, the first heat. He ral society to award me a medal. confidence in its value for grazing, from its sensiwas subsequently beaten by the Maid The following advice and information concern-ble properties communicating a pungency to the of the Oaks. ing fowls, I offer gratis. I know a negro woman, palate, bordering on that produced by pepperwho lives and raises fowls in the midst of a con- it may, however, prove highly medicinal, if defisiderable park of large trees. Sometimes, but ciently nutritive; yet whatever may be its value, not always, in the winter, or very early in the as a nutriment or medicine, I shall endeavour spring, this is burned over to destroy the leaves, fully to realize, before I abandon its culture. and shrubs; and the woman observes that her The Guinea Grass seed never vegetated.—I chickens are raised with most ease, and are least had before tried seed of the same grass with the liable to diseases, in the year when the bark is same result. The naked barley which I receivWhen science is carried into the commonest burned. ed late in the season of a hard winter, was mostand most humble concerns of life, it is then the I have found that burning over my fowl yards, ly destroyed by the cold; but the part I preservmost useful, honourable and amiable; for it be- with leaves or straw, white washing the chicken ed for a spring sowing, succeeded well. Fearing nefits those who need the assistance which they house, and ploughing the yard and digging up the a similar disaster, last winter, I preserved all cannot procure for themselves.-Sir Humphrey floor of the house, usually has the effect of lessen- my seed for a spring sowing, and have now about Davy, in diving into the depths of the English ing the number of small vermin and insects, and the eighth of an acre in drill, highly flourishing. Colleries, did more service to humanity, and may in other ways have been salutary. I will But the last winter was so mild as to have adprocured more merited honours to himself, than trespass no farther on your patience either by mitted of a successful sowing during the coldest if he had been the renowned warrior who has more last words, or with postscripts (as is said to part of the season.-I anticipate a sufficient prowon ten battles, and sacked a dozen cities. Now be usual with my sex) farther than to say, that duct this summer, to sow several acres in drill. the accomplished anatomist who would accompa- Tomatoes, as part of a course of diet, are exny me to my fowl yard, and detect by dissection, cellent for fowls of every description. the disease which is so destructive to the poultry of all housewives-I do not say he should be placed by the side Davy and Jenner, but I do say he should be placed by the side of a nice chicken pie every week. The gapes in chick IN CHICKENS AND TURKEYS. Dear Sir, COUSIN TABITHA. FOR THE AMERICAN FARMER. ens is said to be a worm, and some say a col- Mr. Skinner, lection of worms, in the wind pipe. Whatev I will send you the ensuing fall, some seed of the Missouri grass, with which I continue highly pleased; and a variety of the tall winter seed grass, with a white straw, which is also very valuable. I shall attempt mixing the naked barley with the common kind, and investigate all its relative values, which, in addition to other discoveries, you shall be duly apprised of." A. L. UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, ITS PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS. Bremo, May 3d, 1824. I had expected from the multiplied defeats, er may be the nature of the disease, it usual-which Gideon Davis had experienced, at the ly destroys a large proportion of all the public exhibitions, in his competitions with me chickens that are hatched. I have opened the in ploughing, that he would not again have trouwind pipes of several that have died of this dis-bled you, or the public, with his superfluous comease, and have usually drawn from them a worm ments on the decision of committees on ploughlike substance, a little larger and shorter than a ing; nor again compel me to appear in your co- DEAR SIR, common pin. It seems at first view endowed lumns. I was satisfied to let the impartial voice The Cherokee Rose cuttings have this mowith life, for it contracts on being touched-but I of the agricultural community award the pre-ment come to hand, and remind me, among the now believe it composed of a thick viscous mat-ference to whom it was thought due, after a fair many other obligations your kindness has laid me ter, that is secreted in consequence of inflamma-trial of our respective ploughs. I would not now under, that I must not forget my promise, to intion, and lines the wind pipe. I have not exa-interfere, had he not so unceremoniously lugged form you of the result of the last meeting of our mined the apparent worm by a microscope, which" the Brown plough" into his metaphysical dis- Board of Visitors at the University of Virginia. I do not possess; nor have I tested its substance course. I will, for a moment, suppose the commit- It is now decided to open the institution on the by chymical processes which I do not understand, tees appointed by agricultural societies, although first of February, 1825, and by this time, I but the difficult respirations, the suffused state of in some instances, selected from the tails of the presume an agent is embarking for Europe, there the vessels of the throat, and this filmy worm plough, to be as ignorant of the principles and to engage professors of the most unquestionable found lining its canal-all led me to suppose the practice of ploughing, as Mr. Davis would have qualifications in those departments of science, disease to be inflammatory, and similar in its us believe. Yet mark how a plain unvarnished which we thought it probable,, could not be as nature to that, which, under the names of croup, tale will put him down. Mr. Davis lived in well filled by our own countrymen. Law, Poliand quinsey, prove so fatal to children. Two this county for several years, and has a more ticks, Morals, and Physic, in all its departments, circumstances have led me to a remedy. Last general acquaintance here than I have; he is a we have left to be filled by Americans; which year one gang of my young turkeys had access member of the society of Friends, who are very will ensure to us a preponderance of national character in the faculty of this great and impor-procure a seal for the Society, and a certificate ions as to its practical bearing on the welfare of of membership, report that that duty has been society. tant establishment. I trust, that all the worthies who have so suc-executed, and that the certificates have been cessfully co-operated in the establishment of an printed and delivered to the Treasurer, and want When this paper went to press (Thursday institution to promote the intellectual and moral only the signatures of the President and Secreta evening) the interior of the elegant SHOT-TOWER improvement of the Ancient Dominion, will now ry; whereupon the committee recommend that lately erected by some of our most enterprising cordially unite their efforts to carry into execution the Treasurer procure said certificates, to be so and worthy citizens, was on fire and no hope is the canal along the Valley of James and Jackson's signed and then delivered to the trustees and entertained of extinguishing it. It had we believe Rivers, so eminently calculated to develope her others, according to the number of subscribers answered the expectation of its founders, by physical resources. This done, we may expect procured by each. rendering us independent on other cities for a to maintain our relative standing with our sisters On motion by David Williamson, Jr. Resolved, supply of that article. that a committee be appointed to procure the of the Union. plate for distribution at the next Cattle Show, ac THE RACES.-The first days purse of $400, cording to the scheme of premiums published in was taken by Gen. Wynn, of Virginia, nothing the American Farmer, page 10 of vol. 6-and appearing to compete with his bay filly "Flirtil James Cox, B. W. Hall, H. V. Somerville, and a"-she galloped round the course J. S. Skinner, were appointed to contract for said plate. Accept my thanks for the intelligence you have occasionally sent me in relation to the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal. Your's with high regard, To J. S. SKINNER, JOHN H. COCKE. A GENERAL GARDENING CALENDAR, Feb. 1. Hophills-manure and dress them. 15. Sow Frame-Peas, the first open Sow Lettuce and Radishes. The second day's purse of $300 was run On motion by R. Caton, Esq. it was Resolved, for yesterday by General Wynn's filly Platina, that it is expedient to encourage the growth of and Mr. Wilson's horse Greyhound"-Platina cotton in Maryland; and that, as accessary to won the two first heats, and of course the purse that object, a premium be offered of thirty dol easily. lars in value to the person who shall first, before the month of November in the year 1826, erect a Gin, and by it, clean in one year, one thousand pounds of Cotton. On motion by H. V. Somerville, Esq. Resolved, wea-that a committee of five be appointed to prepare a list of judges, to award the premiums which have been offered for distribution at the next Cattle Show on the Western Shore of Maryland, at their next meeting, to be then finally decided Cabbages0w-also Malta & Sprout and that said list be submitted to the Trustees, Kale. list. ERROR CORRECTED.-In Number 7 of the Farmer, page 51, No. 68, Sir Archy, for "run as a colt successfully at Washington, having the distemper, &c," read "run unsuccessfully." PRICES OF COUNTRY PRODUCE-carefully collected every Thursday, for the American Farmer. By ROGERS & SYMINGTON. March 1. Frame-Peas, Sow all these, and they on.-J. Hollingsworth, H. V. Somerville, J. S. Flour, Howard-street, $6-Do. Susquehannah, Hotspurs, will come in succession Skinner, D. Williamson, Jr. and B. W. Hall, $5 62 to 85 75-Do. Wharf, $5 75-Do. Rye, Ledman's, Sof a fortnight's interval. were then appointed a committee to prepare said $2 25 to $3-Corn Meal, pr. bbl: 82-Wheat, Potatoes, early-plant. white, $1 25 to 1 27-Do. Red, $1 20 to $1 22 15. Nasturtium, Tomatos, Carrots, Beets, On motion by B. W. Hall, Esq. Resolved, that-Corn, yellow, 32 to 34 cts.-Do. white, 30 to Garlic, Leeks, Onions, Chives, Shalots, it be the duty of the Secretary, to furnish the 32 cts.-Rye, per bush. 45 cts.-Oats, 25 to 31 Scallions, and forward 7urnips-sow, Editor of the American Farmer with an official cts.-B. E. Peas, 56 cts.-White Beans, $1plant, and transplant. minute of the proceedings of each meeting of the Whiskey, 27 cts-Apple Brandy, 40 cts-Peach April 1. Ledman's Peas, Snaps, Capsicums, Board of Trustees, within three days after such Do. 62 to 75 cts.-Herrings, New, No. 1, 82 50 Salsifis, Long Haricots, Lima Beans, meeting, to be published in his journal. -Do. Do. No. 2, $2 25-Do. Old, No. 1, $1 50 Forward Corn. On motion by the Chairman, it was Resolved, Do. Do. No. 2, $1 25--Shad, trimmed, $6 15. Ledman's Peas, Snaps, Cucumbers, that it be the duty of the Secretary to forward a 75-Do. Untrimmed, $5 75-Ginseng, 30 cts.Gerkins, Melons, Eggplant, Okra, written notice to each member of this Board, at Linseed Oil, 62 cts. in demand-Clover Seed, $3 Squashes, Sorrel. least four days previous to each meeting-to ap 50 to 3 75 per bush-Flax Seed, rough, 75 1. Red Haricots, Snaps, Honey Beans, prize him of the day and place fixed for said cts.-Timothy, Do. 82 50-Hay, per ton, $10Swedish Turnips. N. B. A thimbleful meeting, and to request his attendance on said Flax, 9 cts.-Candles, Mould, 12 cts.-Soap, 7 of Lettuce should be sowed every Monday at 11 o'clock, A. M. cts.-Pork, Mess, $14 75-Do. Prime, $11 75-day morning, from Feb. 1st to Sept. 1. The Board then adjourned, to hold their next Butter, 7 cts. to 14 cts.-Lard, 84 cts.--Bacon, Spinach should be sowed 2 or 3 times meeting at Long Green, the residence of James 8 cts.-Leather, Best Sole, 24 to 27 cts.-Feain the spring, at intervals of a fortnight, Gittings, Esq., on Wednesday the 9th of June. thers, 35 cts. and again weekly from August 15, to TOBACCO.-Sales very brisk the last week.Sept. 1, for winter and spring use. Two hogsheads fine yellow made by Thomas Litter Asparagus, Cover Lettuce, received too late for this paper-all the matter Cockey of Frederick County, sold for $44-fine November, Spinach, and tender plants. Plant is given cut on the Saturday preceding, except a red may be quoted at $14 to $20-fine yellow, December, and trim 7rees, Vines, Raspberries, column or so, for Editorial scraps-Several ori-$20 to $40--good red, $5 to $10- common [ Gooseberrics, Currants. Trench ginal and valuable communications will appear brown, $4 to $6.-A crop of 35 hogsheads from J beds, bring in manure, and turf. in our next.-We must close the publications of Anne Arundel County made upon old land, sold the papers from the Agricultural Society of the for $4 and $7. Valley, before we commence those from the Washington Agricultural Society of EAST TEN May January, THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, MAY 21, 1824. Extract from the minutes of Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural Society. TO CORRESPONDENTS.-" JAMES" was NESSEE. pers. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Easton Cattle Show and Fair-Papers read at the last We need not repeat the melancholy par-meeting of the Agricultural Society of the Valley, No. II.ticulars of the bursting of the Steam boat Etna's Cobbett's Cottage Economy-Constitution of the Greene boilers, by which many lives were lost-our read County Agricultural Society-Communication of L. H. ers have doubtless seen the details in other pa-horses Virago, Calypso, Leviathan, and Topgallant-On the Girardin-Pedigree of Col. Tayloe's celebrated running MAY 12th, 1824. Gapes in Chickens and Turkeys-Communication of WilCongress will rise on the 27th of this liam Brown on Ploughs-Extracts from the Editor's Cor Agreeably to adjournment, the Board of Trustees met at Green Spring Punch, the residence of month, without waiting the return of the Hon. respondence, dated Edgefield Court House, (S. C.) April 26-University of Virginia, its progress and prospects-A S. Owings, Esq.-Present, Gen. C. Ridgely, of N. Edwards. general Gardening Calendar--Editorial notices Prices Hampton, Chairman-S. Owings-Jacob Hollingsworth-D. Williamson, J.-R. Caton- The Tariff, after having undergone essential Current. &c. &c. Christopher Carnan-H. V. Somerville-N. M. modifications, has passed both Houses of ConBosley James Gittings, and N. W. Hall, Esqs., gress, and will doubtless receive the sanction of members.-James Howard, the Secretary being the President.-We shall publish the law as one absent, J. S. Skinner acted as Secretary pro tem. of great moment to our patrons.—Time will test The committee appointed at the last meeting to the truth of the various and very opposite opin-rections promptly attended to, addressed to J. Robinson, Baltimore. Printed every Friday at 84 per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER. Edie tor. by JOSEPH ROBINSON, on the North West corner of Market and Belvidere streets, Baltimore: where every description of Book and Job Printing is executed with nearness and despatch-Orders from a distance for PRINTING or BINDING, with proper di |